Breast cancer

From HemOnc.org - A Hematology Oncology Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Back to Top

Section editor
Fernandes Hermina WEB160x200.jpg
 H. Deepika Fernandes, MD, FACP
Virginia G. Piper Cancer Care Network Comprehensive Breast Center of Arizona
Scottsdale, AZ
LinkedIn

Are you looking for a regimen, but can't find it here? It is possible that we've moved it to the historical regimens page. For placebo or observational studies in this condition, please visit this page. If you still can't find it, please let us know so we can add it!

138 regimens on this page
320 variants on this page


Guidelines

ASCO/CCO

Older

ESMO/ESO

Older

EUSOMA/SIOG

Older

KSMO/ESMO

NCCN

Older

SITC

St Gallen Breast Guidelines

Older

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, sequential regimens

AC-D

AC-D: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide followed by Docetaxel

Regimen variant #1, 60/600/75

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kim et al. 2020 (NEST) 2012-2014 Phase 3 (C) Goserelin & Tamoxifen Inconclusive whether non-inferior clinical response

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 60/600/100

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bear et al. 2003 (NSABP B-27) 1995-2000 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. AC Superior pCR rate
2. AC, then surgery, then T Not reported
von Minckwitz et al. 2005 (GeparDuo) 1999-2001 Phase 3 (E-esc) ddAT Superior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. NSABP B-27: Bear HD, Anderson S, Brown A, Smith R, Mamounas EP, Fisher B, Margolese R, Theoret H, Soran A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. The effect on tumor response of adding sequential preoperative docetaxel to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: preliminary results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 15;21(22):4165-74. Epub 2003 Oct 14. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Bear HD, Anderson S, Smith RE, Geyer CE Jr, Mamounas EP, Fisher B, Brown AM, Robidoux A, Margolese R, Kahlenberg MS, Paik S, Soran A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N. Sequential preoperative or postoperative docetaxel added to preoperative doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide for operable breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 1;24(13):2019-27. Epub 2006 Apr 10. link to original article PubMed
    2. Pooled update: Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD, Geyer CE, Kahlenberg MS, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Hoehn JL, Vogel VG, Dakhil SR, Tamkus D, King KM, Pajon ER, Wright MJ, Robert J, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 10;26(5):778-85. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16):2793. link to original article PubMed
  2. GeparDuo: von Minckwitz G, Raab G, Caputo A, Schütte M, Hilfrich J, Blohmer JU, Gerber B, Costa SD, Merkle E, Eidtmann H, Lampe D, Jackisch C, du Bois A, Kaufmann M; GBG. Doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel every 21 days compared with doxorubicin and docetaxel every 14 days as preoperative treatment in operable breast cancer: the GEPARDUO study of the German Breast Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 20;23(12):2676-85. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  3. NEST: Kim HJ, Noh WC, Lee ES, Jung YS, Kim LS, Han W, Nam SJ, Gong GY, Kim HJ, Ahn SH. Efficacy of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pre-menopausal patients with oestrogen receptor-positive and HER2-negative, lymph node-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2020 May 27;22(1):54. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

AC-T

AC-T: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ellis et al. 2011 (SWOG 0012) 2001-2005 Phase 3 (C) AC-T; daily cyclophosphamide Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 9 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. SWOG 0012: Ellis GK, Barlow WE, Gralow JR, Hortobagyi GN, Russell CA, Royce ME, Perez EA, Lew D, Livingston RB. Phase III comparison of standard doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide versus weekly doxorubicin and daily oral cyclophosphamide plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as neoadjuvant therapy for inflammatory and locally advanced breast cancer: SWOG 0012. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Mar 10;29(8):1014-21. Epub 2011 Jan 10. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

D-AC

D-AC: Docetaxel followed by Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bear et al. 2012 (NSABP B-40) 2007-2010 Phase 3 (C) 1. D-AC+Bev
2. TG-AC+Bev
3. TX-AC+Bev 		Seems to have inferior pCR rate
4. TG-AC
5. TX-AC 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, D portion

Chemotherapy, AC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. NSABP B-40: Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE Jr, Robidoux A, Atkins JN, Baez-Diaz L, Brufsky AM, Mehta RS, Fehrenbacher L, Young JA, Senecal FM, Gaur R, Margolese RG, Adams PT, Gross HM, Costantino JP, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 26;366(4):310-20. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE Jr, Liu Q, Robidoux A, Baez-Diaz L, Brufsky AM, Mehta RS, Fehrenbacher L, Young JA, Senecal FM, Gaur R, Margolese RG, Adams PT, Gross HM, Costantino JP, Paik S, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Neoadjuvant plus adjuvant bevacizumab in early breast cancer (NSABP B-40 [NRG Oncology]): secondary outcomes of a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Sep;16(9):1037-1048. Epub 2015 Aug 10. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):e589. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

D-AC+Bev

D-AC+Bev: Docetaxel followed by Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide, with Bevacizumab

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bear et al. 2012 (NSABP B-40) 2007-2010 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. D-AC
2. TG-AC
3. TX-AC 		Seems to have superior pCR rate
4. TG-AC+Bev
5. TX-AC+Bev 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, D portion

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Targeted therapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. NSABP B-40: Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE Jr, Robidoux A, Atkins JN, Baez-Diaz L, Brufsky AM, Mehta RS, Fehrenbacher L, Young JA, Senecal FM, Gaur R, Margolese RG, Adams PT, Gross HM, Costantino JP, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 26;366(4):310-20. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE Jr, Liu Q, Robidoux A, Baez-Diaz L, Brufsky AM, Mehta RS, Fehrenbacher L, Young JA, Senecal FM, Gaur R, Margolese RG, Adams PT, Gross HM, Costantino JP, Paik S, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Neoadjuvant plus adjuvant bevacizumab in early breast cancer (NSABP B-40 [NRG Oncology]): secondary outcomes of a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Sep;16(9):1037-1048. Epub 2015 Aug 10. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):e589. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

D-FEC

D-FEC: Docetaxel followed by Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Earl et al. 2015 (ARTemis) 2009-2013 Phase 3 (C) D-FEC+Bev Seems to have inferior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, D portion

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. ARTemis: Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Blenkinsop C, Grybowicz L, Vallier AL, Abraham J, Thomas J, Provenzano E, Hughes-Davies L, Gounaris I, McAdam K, Chan S, Ahmad R, Hickish T, Houston S, Rea D, Bartlett J, Caldas C, Cameron DA, Hayward L; ARTemis Investigators. Efficacy of neoadjuvant bevacizumab added to docetaxel followed by fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, for women with HER2-negative early breast cancer (ARTemis): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jun;16(6):656-66. Epub 2015 May 11. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

D-FEC+Bev

D-FEC+Bev: Docetaxel followed by Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide, with Bevacizumab

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Earl et al. 2015 (ARTemis) 2009-2013 Phase 3 (E-esc) D-FEC Seems to have superior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, D portion

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

Targeted therapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. ARTemis: Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Blenkinsop C, Grybowicz L, Vallier AL, Abraham J, Thomas J, Provenzano E, Hughes-Davies L, Gounaris I, McAdam K, Chan S, Ahmad R, Hickish T, Houston S, Rea D, Bartlett J, Caldas C, Cameron DA, Hayward L; ARTemis Investigators. Efficacy of neoadjuvant bevacizumab added to docetaxel followed by fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, for women with HER2-negative early breast cancer (ARTemis): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jun;16(6):656-66. Epub 2015 May 11. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

EC-D

EC-D: Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Docetaxel

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
von Minckwitz et al. 2010 (GeparQuattro) 2005-NR Phase 3 (C) 1. EC-TX
2. EC-T-X 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate
von Minckwitz et al. 2012 (GeparQuinto) 2007-2010 Phase 3 (C) EC-D+Bev Seems to have inferior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. GeparQuattro: von Minckwitz G, Rezai M, Loibl S, Fasching PA, Huober J, Tesch H, Bauerfeind I, Hilfrich J, Eidtmann H, Gerber B, Hanusch C, Kühn T, du Bois A, Blohmer JU, Thomssen C, Dan Costa S, Jackisch C, Kaufmann M, Mehta K, Untch M. Capecitabine in addition to anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant treatment in patients with primary breast cancer: phase III GeparQuattro study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 20;28(12):2015-23. Epub 2010 Mar 22. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: von Minckwitz G, Rezai M, Fasching PA, Huober J, Tesch H, Bauerfeind I, Hilfrich J, Eidtmann H, Gerber B, Hanusch C, Blohmer JU, Dan Costa S, Jackisch C, Paepke S, Schneeweiss A, Kümmel S, Denkert C, Mehta K, Loibl S, Untch M. Survival after adding capecitabine and trastuzumab to neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy for primary breast cancer (GBG 40--GeparQuattro). Ann Oncol. 2014 Jan;25(1):81-9. Epub 2013 Nov 21. link to original article PubMed
  2. GeparQuinto: von Minckwitz G, Eidtmann H, Rezai M, Fasching PA, Tesch H, Eggemann H, Schrader I, Kittel K, Hanusch C, Kreienberg R, Solbach C, Gerber B, Jackisch C, Kunz G, Blohmer JU, Huober J, Hauschild M, Fehm T, Müller BM, Denkert C, Loibl S, Nekljudova V, Untch M; German Breast Group; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie–Breast Study Groups. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bevacizumab for HER2-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 26;366(4):299-309. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

EC-T

EC-T: Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Untch et al. 2011 (PREPARE) 2002-2005 Phase 3 (C) ddE-ddT-CMF Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. PREPARE: Untch M, von Minckwitz G, Konecny GE, Conrad U, Fett W, Kurzeder C, Lück HJ, Stickeler E, Urbaczyk H, Liedtke B, Beckmann MW, Salat C, Harbeck N, Müller V, Schmidt M, Hasmüller S, Lenhard M, Nekljudova V, Lebeau A, Loibl S, Fasching PA; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie PREPARE investigators. PREPARE trial: a randomized phase III trial comparing preoperative, dose-dense, dose-intensified chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel, and CMF versus a standard-dosed epirubicin-cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with or without darbepoetin alfa in primary breast cancer--outcome on prognosis. Ann Oncol. 2011 Sep;22(9):1999-2006. Epub 2011 Mar 7. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

EC-ddT

EC-ddT: Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide, followed by dose-dense Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Earl et al. 2013 (Neo-tAnGo) 2005-2007 Phase 3 (C) 1. ddT-EC Seems to have inferior pCR rate
2. EC-ddTG
3. ddTG-EC 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

Supportive therapy, T portion

  • Primary G-CSF propyhylaxis not provided

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 14-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Neo-tAnGo: Earl HM, Vallier AL, Hiller L, Fenwick N, Young J, Iddawela M, Abraham J, Hughes-Davies L, Gounaris I, McAdam K, Houston S, Hickish T, Skene A, Chan S, Dean S, Ritchie D, Laing R, Harries M, Gallagher C, Wishart G, Dunn J, Provenzano E, Caldas C; Neo-tAnGo Investigators. Effects of the addition of gemcitabine, and paclitaxel-first sequencing, in neoadjuvant sequential epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel for women with high-risk early breast cancer (Neo-tAnGo): an open-label, 2×2 factorial randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Feb;15(2):201-12. Epub 2013 Dec 19. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

nab-Paclitaxel-EC

nab-Paclitaxel-EC: nab-Paclitaxel followed by Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Untch et al. 2016 (GeparSepto) 2012-2013 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) T-EC Superior pCR rate

Note: this is the dose after study amendment due to increased treatment discontinuation and sensory neuropathy.

Chemotherapy, nab-Paclitaxel portion

Chemotherapy, EC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. GeparSepto: Untch M, Jackisch C, Schneeweiss A, Conrad B, Aktas B, Denkert C, Eidtmann H, Wiebringhaus H, Kümmel S, Hilfrich J, Warm M, Paepke S, Just M, Hanusch C, Hackmann J, Blohmer JU, Clemens M, Darb-Esfahani S, Schmitt WD, Dan Costa S, Gerber B, Engels K, Nekljudova V, Loibl S, von Minckwitz G; German Breast Group; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie—Breast (AGO-B) Investigators. Nab-paclitaxel versus solvent-based paclitaxel in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (GeparSepto-GBG 69): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. Epub 2016 Feb 8. 2016 Mar;17(3):345-56. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Furlanetto J, Jackisch C, Untch M, Schneeweiss A, Schmatloch S, Aktas B, Denkert C, Wiebringhaus H, Kümmel S, Warm M, Paepke S, Just M, Hanusch C, Hackmann J, Blohmer JU, Clemens M, Costa SD, Gerber B, Nekljudova V, Loibl S, von Minckwitz G. Efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m(2) and nab-paclitaxel 150 mg/m(2) compared to paclitaxel in early high-risk breast cancer: results from the neoadjuvant randomized GeparSepto study (GBG 69). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017 Jun;163(3):495-506. Epub 2017 Mar 17. link to original article PubMed
  2. ETNA: Gianni L, Mansutti M, Anton A, Calvo L, Bisagni G, Bermejo B, Semiglazov V, Thill M, Chacon JI, Chan A, Morales S, Alvarez I, Plazaola A, Zambetti M, Redfern AD, Dittrich C, Dent RA, Magazzù D, De Fato R, Valagussa P, Tusquets I. Comparing neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel vs paclitaxel both followed by anthracycline regimens in women with ERBB2/HER2-negative breast cancer-the Evaluating Treatment with Neoadjuvant Abraxane (ETNA) trial: a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Mar 1;4(3):302-308. Epub 2018 Jan 11. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

T-AC

T-AC: Taxol (Paclitaxel), followed by Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gianni et al. 2018 (ETNA) 2013-2015 Phase 3 (C) 1a. nab-Paclitaxel-AC
1b. nab-Paclitaxel-EC
1c. nab-Paclitaxel-FEC 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

Chemotherapy, AC portion

28-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. ETNA: Gianni L, Mansutti M, Anton A, Calvo L, Bisagni G, Bermejo B, Semiglazov V, Thill M, Chacon JI, Chan A, Morales S, Alvarez I, Plazaola A, Zambetti M, Redfern AD, Dittrich C, Dent RA, Magazzù D, De Fato R, Valagussa P, Tusquets I. Comparing neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel vs paclitaxel both followed by anthracycline regimens in women with ERBB2/HER2-negative breast cancer-the Evaluating Treatment with Neoadjuvant Abraxane (ETNA) trial: a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Mar 1;4(3):302-308. Epub 2018 Jan 11. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

T-EC

T-EC: Taxol (Paclitaxel), followed by Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Untch et al. 2016 (GeparSepto) 2012-2013 Phase 3 (C) nab-Paclitaxel-EC Inferior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

Chemotherapy, EC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 90 mg/m2, 3 out of 4 weeks

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gianni et al. 2018 (ETNA) 2013-2015 Phase 3 (C) 1a. nab-Paclitaxel-AC
1b. nab-Paclitaxel-EC
1c. nab-Paclitaxel-FEC 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

Chemotherapy, EC portion

28-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. GeparSepto: Untch M, Jackisch C, Schneeweiss A, Conrad B, Aktas B, Denkert C, Eidtmann H, Wiebringhaus H, Kümmel S, Hilfrich J, Warm M, Paepke S, Just M, Hanusch C, Hackmann J, Blohmer JU, Clemens M, Darb-Esfahani S, Schmitt WD, Dan Costa S, Gerber B, Engels K, Nekljudova V, Loibl S, von Minckwitz G; German Breast Group; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie—Breast (AGO-B) Investigators. Nab-paclitaxel versus solvent-based paclitaxel in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (GeparSepto-GBG 69): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. Epub 2016 Feb 8. 2016 Mar;17(3):345-56. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Furlanetto J, Jackisch C, Untch M, Schneeweiss A, Schmatloch S, Aktas B, Denkert C, Wiebringhaus H, Kümmel S, Warm M, Paepke S, Just M, Hanusch C, Hackmann J, Blohmer JU, Clemens M, Costa SD, Gerber B, Nekljudova V, Loibl S, von Minckwitz G. Efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m(2) and nab-paclitaxel 150 mg/m(2) compared to paclitaxel in early high-risk breast cancer: results from the neoadjuvant randomized GeparSepto study (GBG 69). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017 Jun;163(3):495-506. Epub 2017 Mar 17. link to original article PubMed
  2. ETNA: Gianni L, Mansutti M, Anton A, Calvo L, Bisagni G, Bermejo B, Semiglazov V, Thill M, Chacon JI, Chan A, Morales S, Alvarez I, Plazaola A, Zambetti M, Redfern AD, Dittrich C, Dent RA, Magazzù D, De Fato R, Valagussa P, Tusquets I. Comparing neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel vs paclitaxel both followed by anthracycline regimens in women with ERBB2/HER2-negative breast cancer-the Evaluating Treatment with Neoadjuvant Abraxane (ETNA) trial: a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Mar 1;4(3):302-308. Epub 2018 Jan 11. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

ddT-EC

ddT-EC: dose-dense Taxol (Paclitaxel), followed by Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Earl et al. 2013 (Neo-tAnGo) 2005-2007 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) 1. EC-ddT Seems to have superior pCR rate
2. EC-ddTG
3. ddTG-EC 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

Supportive therapy, T portion

  • Primary G-CSF propyhylaxis not provided

Chemotherapy, EC portion

14-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Neo-tAnGo: Earl HM, Vallier AL, Hiller L, Fenwick N, Young J, Iddawela M, Abraham J, Hughes-Davies L, Gounaris I, McAdam K, Houston S, Hickish T, Skene A, Chan S, Dean S, Ritchie D, Laing R, Harries M, Gallagher C, Wishart G, Dunn J, Provenzano E, Caldas C; Neo-tAnGo Investigators. Effects of the addition of gemcitabine, and paclitaxel-first sequencing, in neoadjuvant sequential epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel for women with high-risk early breast cancer (Neo-tAnGo): an open-label, 2×2 factorial randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Feb;15(2):201-12. Epub 2013 Dec 19. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

T-FAC

T-FAC: Taxol (Paclitaxel), followed by Fluorouracil, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, weekly paclitaxel for N0 disease

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Green et al. 2005 1998-2001 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) T-FAC; q3wk paclitaxel Seems to have superior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

Chemotherapy, FAC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, weekly paclitaxel for N+ disease

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Green et al. 2005 1998-2001 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) T-FAC; q3wk paclitaxel Seems to have superior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

  • Paclitaxel (Taxol) as follows:
    • Cycles 1 to 4: 150 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours once per day on days 1, 8, 15

Chemotherapy, FAC portion

28-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #3, q3wk paclitaxel

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Green et al. 2005 1998-2001 Phase 3 (C) T-FAC; weekly paclitaxel Seems to have inferior pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

  • Paclitaxel (Taxol) as follows:
    • Cycles 1 to 4: 225 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion over 24 hours, started on day 1

Chemotherapy, FAC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Green MC, Buzdar AU, Smith T, Ibrahim NK, Valero V, Rosales MF, Cristofanilli M, Booser DJ, Pusztai L, Rivera E, Theriault RL, Carter C, Frye D, Hunt KK, Symmans WF, Strom EA, Sahin AA, Sikov W, Hortobagyi GN. Weekly paclitaxel improves pathologic complete remission in operable breast cancer when compared with paclitaxel once every 3 weeks. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;23(25):5983-92. Epub 2005 Aug 8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

T-FEC

T-FEC: Taxol (Paclitaxel), followed by Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 80/500/100/500

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kelly et al. 2012 (MDACC ID01-580) 2002-2008 Phase 3 (C) TX-FEC Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS

Chemotherapy, T portion

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 90/600/90/600

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gianni et al. 2018 (ETNA) 2013-2015 Phase 3 (C) 1a. nab-Paclitaxel-AC
1b. nab-Paclitaxel-EC
1c. nab-Paclitaxel-FEC 		Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy, T portion

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

28-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. MDACC ID01-580: Kelly CM, Green MC, Broglio K, Thomas ES, Brewster AM, Valero V, Ibrahim NK, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Booser DJ, Walters RS, Hunt KK, Hortobagyi GN, Buzdar AU. Phase III trial evaluating weekly paclitaxel versus docetaxel in combination with capecitabine in operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar 20;30(9):930-5. Epub 2012 Feb 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  2. ETNA: Gianni L, Mansutti M, Anton A, Calvo L, Bisagni G, Bermejo B, Semiglazov V, Thill M, Chacon JI, Chan A, Morales S, Alvarez I, Plazaola A, Zambetti M, Redfern AD, Dittrich C, Dent RA, Magazzù D, De Fato R, Valagussa P, Tusquets I. Comparing neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel vs paclitaxel both followed by anthracycline regimens in women with ERBB2/HER2-negative breast cancer-the Evaluating Treatment with Neoadjuvant Abraxane (ETNA) trial: a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Mar 1;4(3):302-308. Epub 2018 Jan 11. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Capecitabine & Docetaxel (TX)

TX: Taxotere (Docetaxel) & Xeloda (Capecitabine)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Lee et al. 2007 2002-2005 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) AC Seems to have superior pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Lee KS, Ro J, Nam BH, Lee ES, Kwon Y, Kwon HS, Chung KW, Kang HS, Kim EA, Kim SW, Shin KH, Kim SK. A randomized phase-III trial of docetaxel/capecitabine versus doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide as primary chemotherapy for patients with stage II/III breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Jun;109(3):481-9. Epub 2007 Jul 26. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Cyclophosphamide & Doxorubicin (AC)

AC: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 4 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fisher et al. 1997 (NSABP B-18) 1988-1993 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Adjuvant AC Superior resectability
Bear et al. 2003 (NSABP B-27) 1995-2000 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC-D Inferior pCR rate
2. AC, then surgery, then T Not reported
Lee et al. 2007 2002-2005 Phase 3 (C) TX Seems to have inferior pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 6 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Smith et al. 2004 (TOPIC) 1995-1999 Phase 3 (C) ECisF Did not meet primary endpoints of RFS/OS
Chua et al. 2005 (TOPIC 2) 1998-2002 Phase 3 (C) VE Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Evans et al. 2005 1999-2001 Phase 3 (C) AD Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. NSABP B-18: Fisher B, Brown A, Mamounas E, Wieand S, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Cruz AB Jr, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N, DeCillis A, Hoehn JL, Lees AW, Dimitrov NV. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on local-regional disease in women with operable breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Jul;15(7):2483-93. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Fisher B, Bryant J, Wolmark N, Mamounas E, Brown A, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Begovic M, DeCillis A, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Cruz AB Jr, Hoehn JL, Lees AW, Dimitrov NV, Bear HD. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2672-85. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Wolmark N, Wang J, Mamounas E, Bryant J, Fisher B. Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer: nine-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;(30):96-102. link to original article PubMed
    3. Pooled update: Taghian A, Jeong JH, Mamounas E, Anderson S, Bryant J, Deutsch M, Wolmark N. Patterns of locoregional failure in patients with operable breast cancer treated by mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without tamoxifen and without radiotherapy: results from five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Nov 1;22(21):4247-54. Epub 2004 Sep 27. link to original article PubMed
    4. Pooled update: Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD, Geyer CE, Kahlenberg MS, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Hoehn JL, Vogel VG, Dakhil SR, Tamkus D, King KM, Pajon ER, Wright MJ, Robert J, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 10;26(5):778-85. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16):2793. link to original article PubMed
  2. NSABP B-27: Bear HD, Anderson S, Brown A, Smith R, Mamounas EP, Fisher B, Margolese R, Theoret H, Soran A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. The effect on tumor response of adding sequential preoperative docetaxel to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: preliminary results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 15;21(22):4165-74. Epub 2003 Oct 14. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Bear HD, Anderson S, Smith RE, Geyer CE Jr, Mamounas EP, Fisher B, Brown AM, Robidoux A, Margolese R, Kahlenberg MS, Paik S, Soran A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N. Sequential preoperative or postoperative docetaxel added to preoperative doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide for operable breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 1;24(13):2019-27. Epub 2006 Apr 10. link to original article PubMed
    2. Pooled update: Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD, Geyer CE, Kahlenberg MS, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Hoehn JL, Vogel VG, Dakhil SR, Tamkus D, King KM, Pajon ER, Wright MJ, Robert J, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 10;26(5):778-85. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16):2793. link to original article PubMed
  3. TOPIC: Smith IE, A'Hern RP, Coombes GA, Howell A, Ebbs SR, Hickish TF, O'Brien ME, Mansi JL, Wilson CB, Robinson AC, Murray PA, Price CG, Perren TJ, Laing RW, Bliss JM; TOPIC Trial Group. A novel continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimen compared with conventional chemotherapy in the neo-adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer: 5 year results of the TOPIC trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 May;15(5):751-8. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  4. Evans TR, Yellowlees A, Foster E, Earl H, Cameron DA, Hutcheon AW, Coleman RE, Perren T, Gallagher CJ, Quigley M, Crown J, Jones AL, Highley M, Leonard RC, Mansi JL; Anglo-Celtic Cooperative Oncology Group. Phase III randomized trial of doxorubicin and docetaxel versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as primary medical therapy in women with breast cancer: an Anglo-Celtic Cooperative Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2005 May 1;23(13):2988-95. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Mansi JL, Yellowlees A, Lipscombe J, Earl HM, Cameron DA, Coleman RE, Perren T, Gallagher CJ, Quigley M, Crown J, Jones AL, Highley M, Leonard RC, Evans TR. Five-year outcome for women randomised in a phase III trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with doxorubicin and docetaxel as primary medical therapy in early breast cancer: an Anglo-Celtic Cooperative Oncology Group study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Aug;122(3):787-94. Epub 2010 Jun 18. link to original article PubMed
  5. TOPIC 2: Chua S, Smith IE, A'Hern RP, Coombes GA, Hickish TF, Robinson AC, Laing RW, O'Brien ME, Ebbs SR, Hong A, Wardley A, Mughal T, Verrill M, Dubois D, Bliss JM; TOPIC Trial Group. Neoadjuvant vinorelbine/epirubicin (VE) versus standard adriamycin/cyclophosphamide (AC) in operable breast cancer: analysis of response and tolerability in a randomised phase III trial (TOPIC 2). Ann Oncol. 2005 Sep;16(9):1435-41. Epub 2005 Jun 9. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  6. Lee KS, Ro J, Nam BH, Lee ES, Kwon Y, Kwon HS, Chung KW, Kang HS, Kim EA, Kim SW, Shin KH, Kim SK. A randomized phase-III trial of docetaxel/capecitabine versus doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide as primary chemotherapy for patients with stage II/III breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Jun;109(3):481-9. Epub 2007 Jul 26. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Dose-dense Cyclophosphamide & Doxorubicin (ddAC)

ddAC: dose-dense Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) and Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Burstein et al. 2005 2003-2004 Non-randomized

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Burstein HJ, Parker LM, Keshaviah A, Doherty J, Partridge AH, Schapira L, Ryan PD, Younger J, Harris LN, Moy B, Come SE, Schumer ST, Bunnell CA, Haldoupis M, Gelman R, Winer EP. Efficacy of pegfilgrastim and darbepoetin alfa as hematopoietic support for dose-dense every-2-week adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8340-7. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

DI EC

DI EC: Dose-Intense Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Gonçalves et al. 2015 (UNICANCER PEGASE 07) 2001-2005 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT

Note: This regimen required hematopoeitic stem cell support; see paper for details.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. UNICANCER PEGASE 07: Gonçalves A, Pierga JY, Ferrero JM, Mouret-Reynier MA, Bachelot T, Delva R, Fabbro M, Lerebours F, Lotz JP, Linassier C, Dohollou N, Eymard JC, Leduc B, Lemonnier J, Martin AL, Boher JM, Viens P, Roché H. UNICANCER-PEGASE 07 study: a randomized phase III trial evaluating postoperative docetaxel-5FU regimen after neoadjuvant dose-intense chemotherapy for treatment of inflammatory breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2015 Aug;26(8):1692-7. Epub 2015 May 5. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Docetaxel & Epirubicin (DE)

DE: Docetaxel & Epirubicin
ED: Epirubicin & Docetaxel
ET: Epirubicin & Taxotere (Docetaxel)

Regimen variant #1, 3 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Chen et al. 2017 (CBCRT01) 2011-2015 Phase 3 (C) DEE Inferior ORR

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 6 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Steger et al. 2007 (ABCSG-14) 1999-2002 Phase 3 (E-esc) ED x 3 Superior pCR rate
Han et al. 2009 2003-2005 Phase 3 (E-esc) ED x 4 Seems to have superior pCR rate
Steger et al. 2013 (ABCSG-24) 2004-2008 Phase 3 (C) EDC Seems to have inferior pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. ABCSG-14: Steger GG, Galid A, Gnant M, Mlineritsch B, Lang A, Tausch C, Rudas M, Greil R, Wenzel C, Singer CF, Haid A, Pöstlberger S, Samonigg H, Luschin-Ebengreuth G, Kwasny W, Klug E, Kubista E, Menzel C, Jakesz R; ABCSG. Pathologic complete response with six compared with three cycles of neoadjuvant epirubicin plus docetaxel and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in operable breast cancer: results of ABCSG-14. J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 20;25(15):2012-8. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  2. Han S, Kim J, Lee J, Chang E, Gwak G, Cho H, Yang KH, Park S, Park K. Comparison of 6 cycles versus 4 cycles of neoadjuvant epirubicin plus docetaxel chemotherapy in stages II and III breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009 Jun;35(6):583-7. Epub 2009 Feb 5. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  3. ABCSG-24: Steger GG, Greil R, Lang A, Rudas M, Fitzal F, Mlineritsch B, Hartmann BL, Bartsch R, Melbinger E, Hubalek M, Stoeger H, Dubsky P, Ressler S, Petzer AL, Singer CF, Muss C, Jakesz R, Gampenrieder SP, Zielinski CC, Fesl C, Gnant M; ABCSG. Epirubicin and docetaxel with or without capecitabine as neoadjuvant treatment for early breast cancer: final results of a randomized phase III study (ABCSG-24). Ann Oncol. 2014 Feb;25(2):366-71. Epub 2013 Dec 16. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  4. CBCRT01: Chen J, Yao Q, Huang M, Wang B, Zhang J, Wang T, Ming Y, Zhou X, Jia Q, Huan Y, Wang J, Wang L. A randomized Phase III trial of neoadjuvant recombinant human endostatin, docetaxel and epirubicin as first-line therapy for patients with breast cancer (CBCRT01). Int J Cancer. 2018 May 15;142(10):2130-2138. Epub 2017 Dec 23. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

EDC

EDC: Epirubicin, Docetaxel, Capecitabine

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Steger et al. 2013 (ABCSG-24) 2004-2008 Phase 3 (E-esc) ED Seems to have superior pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. ABCSG-24: Steger GG, Greil R, Lang A, Rudas M, Fitzal F, Mlineritsch B, Hartmann BL, Bartsch R, Melbinger E, Hubalek M, Stoeger H, Dubsky P, Ressler S, Petzer AL, Singer CF, Muss C, Jakesz R, Gampenrieder SP, Zielinski CC, Fesl C, Gnant M; ABCSG. Epirubicin and docetaxel with or without capecitabine as neoadjuvant treatment for early breast cancer: final results of a randomized phase III study (ABCSG-24). Ann Oncol. 2014 Feb;25(2):366-71. Epub 2013 Dec 16. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Epirubicin monotherapy

E: Epirubicin

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bottini et al. 2005 1997-2002 Phase 3 (C) Epirubicin & Tamoxifen Did not meet primary endpoint of clinical RR

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 to 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Bottini A, Berruti A, Brizzi MP, Bersiga A, Generali D, Allevi G, Aguggini S, Bolsi G, Bonardi S, Tondelli B, Vana F, Tampellini M, Alquati P, Dogliotti L. Cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of the single agent epirubicin versus epirubicin plus tamoxifen as primary chemotherapy in human breast cancer: a single-institution phase III trial. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005 Jun;12(2):383-92. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Epirubicin & Paclitaxel (EP)

EP: Epirubicin & Paclitaxel
ET: Epirubicin & Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Untch et al. 2009 (TECHNO) 1998-2002 Phase 3 (C) ddE-P Seems to have inferior OS
Frasci et al. 2006 1999-2004 Phase 3 (C) PET Seems to have inferior pCR rate

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • Frasci et al. 2006: Surgery, then CMF x 4 or FEC x 4, depending on number of involved lymph nodes
  • TECHNO: Surgery, then CMF x 3

References

  1. Frasci G, D'Aiuto G, Comella P, Thomas R, Botti G, Di Bonito M, De Rosa V, Iodice G, Rubulotta MR, Comella G; Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group. Weekly cisplatin, epirubicin, and paclitaxel with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support vs triweekly epirubicin and paclitaxel in locally advanced breast cancer: final analysis of a SICOG phase III study. Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 23;95(8):1005-12. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract link to PMC article PubMed
  2. TECHNO: Untch M, Möbus V, Kuhn W, Muck BR, Thomssen C, Bauerfeind I, Harbeck N, Werner C, Lebeau A, Schneeweiss A, Kahlert S, von Koch F, Petry KU, Wallwiener D, Kreienberg R, Albert US, Lück HJ, Hinke A, Jänicke F, Konecny GE. Intensive dose-dense compared with conventionally scheduled preoperative chemotherapy for high-risk primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 20;27(18):2938-45. Epub 2009 Apr 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

FAC

FAC: Fluorouracil, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 500/50/500

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Arun et al. 2011 (MDACC 91-0156) 1992-1997 Phase 3 (C) DI FAC Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 600/50/600

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Baldini et al. 1997 NR in abstract Phase 3 (C) DES-CAF Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #3, 1000/50/500

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Buzdar et al. 1999 1994-1998 Phase 3 (C) Paclitaxel; q3wk x 4 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #4, 2000/50/100

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Scholl et al. 1994 (S6) 1986-1990 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Adjuvant FAC Seems to have superior OS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. S6: Scholl SM, Fourquet A, Asselain B, Pierga JY, Vilcoq JR, Durand JC, Dorval T, Palangié T, Jouve M, Beuzeboc P, Garcio-Giralt E, Salmon RJ, de la Rochefordiere A, Campana F, Pouillart P. Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with tumours considered too large for breast conserving surgery: preliminary results of a randomised trial: S6. Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A(5):645-52. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. Baldini E, Gardin G, Giannessi P, Brema F, Camorriano A, Carnino F, Naso C, Pastorino G, Pronzato P, Rosso R, Rubagotti A, Torretta G, Conte PF; North-West Oncology Group. A randomized trial of chemotherapy with or without estrogenic recruitment in locally advanced breast cancer. Tumori. 1997 Sep-Oct;83(5):829-33. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  3. Buzdar AU, Singletary SE, Theriault RL, Booser DJ, Valero V, Ibrahim N, Smith TL, Asmar L, Frye D, Manuel N, Kau SW, McNeese M, Strom E, Hunt K, Ames F, Hortobagyi GN. Prospective evaluation of paclitaxel versus combination chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Nov;17(11):3412-7. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  4. MDACC 91-0156: Arun BK, Dhinghra K, Valero V, Kau SW, Broglio K, Booser D, Guerra L, Yin G, Walters R, Sahin A, Ibrahim N, Buzdar AU, Frye D, Sneige N, Strom E, Ross M, Theriault RL, Vadhan-Raj S, Hortobagyi GN. Phase III randomized trial of dose intensive neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without G-CSF in locally advanced breast cancer: long-term results. Oncologist. 2011;16(11):1527-34. Epub 2011 Oct 31. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract link to PMC article PubMed

FEC

FEC: Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 600/60/600 x 3

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Baldini et al. 2003 1992-1997 Phase 3 (C) ddFEC Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Note: This is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 600/60/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
van der Hage et al. 2001 (EORTC 10902) 1991-1999 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FEC; adjuvant Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #3, 1000/120/1050 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Therasse et al. 2003 (EORTC 10921) 1993-1996 Phase 3 (C) ddEC Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. EORTC 10902: van der Hage JA, van de Velde CJ, Julien JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, Vandervelden C, Duchateau L. Preoperative chemotherapy in primary operable breast cancer: results from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 10902. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov 15;19(22):4224-37. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: van Nes JG, Putter H, Julien JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, van de Vijver M, Bogaerts J, de Vos M, van de Velde CJ; Cooperating Investigators of the EORTC. Preoperative chemotherapy is safe in early breast cancer, even after 10 years of follow-up; clinical and translational results from the EORTC trial 10902. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(1):101-13. Epub 2008 May 18. link to original article PubMed
  2. Baldini E, Gardin G, Giannessi PG, Evangelista G, Roncella M, Prochilo T, Collecchi P, Rosso R, Lionetto R, Bruzzi P, Mosca F, Conte PF. Accelerated versus standard cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil: a randomized phase III trial in locally advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2003 Feb;14(2):227-32. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  3. EORTC 10921: Therasse P, Mauriac L, Welnicka-Jaskiewicz M, Bruning P, Cufer T, Bonnefoi H, Tomiak E, Pritchard KI, Hamilton A, Piccart MJ; EORTC. Final results of a randomized phase III trial comparing cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil with a dose-intensified epirubicin and cyclophosphamide + filgrastim as neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced breast cancer: an EORTC-NCIC-SAKK multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Mar 1;21(5):843-50. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

iddEPC

iddEPC: intense dose-dense Epirubicin, Paclitaxel, Cyclophosphamide

Protocol

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Schneeweiss et al. 2018 (GeparOcto) 2014-NR in abstract Phase 3 (C) NPLD & Paclitaxel Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Note: G-CSF details are from the adjuvant trial; see paper for exact details.

Chemotherapy, part 1

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles, then:

Chemotherapy, part 2

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles, then:

Chemotherapy, part 3

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. GeparOcto: Schneeweiss A, Möbus V, Tesch H, Hanusch C, Denkert C, Lübbe K, Huober J, Klare P, Kümmel S, Untch M, Kast K, Jackisch C, Thomalla J, Ingold-Heppner B, Blohmer JU, Rezai M, Frank M, Engels K, Rhiem K, Fasching PA, Nekljudova V, von Minckwitz G, Loibl S. Intense dose-dense epirubicin, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide versus weekly paclitaxel, liposomal doxorubicin (plus carboplatin in triple-negative breast cancer) for neoadjuvant treatment of high-risk early breast cancer (GeparOcto-GBG 84): A randomised phase III trial. Eur J Cancer. 2019 Jan;106:181-192. Epub 2018 Dec 5. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Schneeweiss A, Michel LL, Möbus V, Tesch H, Klare P, Hahnen E, Denkert C, Kast K, Pohl-Rescigno E, Hanusch C, Link T, Untch M, Jackisch C, Blohmer JU, Fasching PA, Solbach C, Schmutzler RK, Huober J, Rhiem K, Nekljudova V, Lübbe K, Loibl S; GBG and AGO-B. Survival analysis of the randomised phase III GeparOcto trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy of intense dose-dense epirubicin, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide versus weekly paclitaxel, liposomal doxorubicin (plus carboplatin in triple-negative breast cancer) for patients with high-risk early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2022 Jan;160:100-111. Epub 2021 Nov 17. link to original article PubMed

Paclitaxel monotherapy, dose-dense (q2wk)

ddT: dose-dense Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Burstein et al. 2005 2003-2004 Non-randomized

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

  • Burstein et al. 2005: ddAC x 4

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Burstein HJ, Parker LM, Keshaviah A, Doherty J, Partridge AH, Schapira L, Ryan PD, Younger J, Harris LN, Moy B, Come SE, Schumer ST, Bunnell CA, Haldoupis M, Gelman R, Winer EP. Efficacy of pegfilgrastim and darbepoetin alfa as hematopoietic support for dose-dense every-2-week adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8340-7. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

PET

PET: Platinol (Cisplatin), Epirubicin, Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Frasci et al. 2006 1999-2004 Phase 3 (E-esc) EP Seems to have superior pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Frasci G, D'Aiuto G, Comella P, Thomas R, Botti G, Di Bonito M, De Rosa V, Iodice G, Rubulotta MR, Comella G; Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group. Weekly cisplatin, epirubicin, and paclitaxel with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support vs triweekly epirubicin and paclitaxel in locally advanced breast cancer: final analysis of a SICOG phase III study. Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 23;95(8):1005-12. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract link to PMC article PubMed

TAC (Docetaxel)

TAC: Taxotere (Docetaxel), Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide
ATC: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Taxotere (Docetaxel), Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
von Minckwitz et al. 2008 (GeparTrio) 2002-2005 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) TAC x 2, then NX x 4 Non-inferior sonographic response
Vriens et al. 2013 (INTENS) 2006-2009 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) AC-D Did not meet primary endpoint of pCR rate

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. GeparTrio: von Minckwitz G, Kümmel S, Vogel P, Hanusch C, Eidtmann H, Hilfrich J, Gerber B, Huober J, Costa SD, Jackisch C, Loibl S, Mehta K, Kaufmann M; GBG. Neoadjuvant vinorelbine-capecitabine versus docetaxel-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide in early nonresponsive breast cancer: phase III randomized GeparTrio trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Apr 16;100(8):542-51. Epub 2008 Apr 8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: von Minckwitz G, Kümmel S, Vogel P, Hanusch C, Eidtmann H, Hilfrich J, Gerber B, Huober J, Costa SD, Jackisch C, Loibl S, Mehta K, Kaufmann M; German Breast Group. Intensified neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early-responding breast cancer: phase III randomized GeparTrio study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Apr 16;100(8):552-62. Epub 2008 Apr 8. link to original article PubMed
  2. INTENS: Vriens BE, Aarts MJ, de Vries B, van Gastel SM, Wals J, Smilde TJ, van Warmerdam LJ, de Boer M, van Spronsen DJ, Borm GF, Tjan-Heijnen VC; BOOG. Doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide with concurrent versus sequential docetaxel as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2013 Oct;49(15):3102-10. Epub 2013 Jul 10. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Vriens BEPJ, Vriens IJH, Aarts MJB, van Gastel SM, van den Berkmortel FWPJ, Smilde TJ, van Warmerdam LJC, van Spronsen DJ, Peer PGM, de Boer M, Tjan-Heijnen VCG; BOOG. Improved survival for sequentially as opposed to concurrently delivered neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017 Oct;165(3):593-600. Epub 2017 Jul 3. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Neoadjuvant response criteria

Clinical response rate (cRR)

Although fairly dated, some trials such as ACOSOG Z1031 make use of the WHO criteria for response to neoadjuvant therapy. Included here primarily for historical purposes.

References

  1. Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Staquet M, Winkler A. Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer. 1981 Jan 1;47(1):207-14. link to original article PubMed

Miller-Payne scoring system

  • Grade 1: No change or some changes to individual malignant cells, but no reduction in overall cellularity
  • Grade 2: Minor loss of tumor cells (up to 30%), but overall cellularity still high
  • Grade 3: An estimated 30 to 90% reduction in the number of tumor cells
  • Grade 4: Marked disappearance of tumor cells such that only small clusters or widely dispersed individual cells remain (loss of greater than 90% of tumor cells)
  • Grade 5: No invasive cancer cells identifiable in sections from the site of the tumor (carcinoma in situ may be present)

References

  1. Ogston KN, Miller ID, Payne S, Hutcheon AW, Sarkar TK, Smith I, Schofield A, Heys SD. A new histological grading system to assess response of breast cancers to primary chemotherapy: prognostic significance and survival. Breast. 2003 Oct;12(5):320-7. link to original article PubMed

Residual cancer burden (RCB)

  • The RCB is calculated as follows: RCB = 1.4 (finv*dprim)0.17 + [4(1 - 0.75LN)dmet]0.17
    • where dprim is derived from the bidimensional diameters of the primary tumor bed in the resected specimen, finv is the proportion of the primary tumor bed that contains invasive carcinoma, LN is the number of axillary lymph nodes containing metastatic carcinoma, and dmet is the diameter of the largest metastasis in an axillary lymph node.
    • The cut-off points are 1.36 and 3.28.

References

  1. Symmans WF, Peintinger F, Hatzis C, Rajan R, Kuerer H, Valero V, Assad L, Poniecka A, Hennessy B, Green M, Buzdar AU, Singletary SE, Hortobagyi GN, Pusztai L. Measurement of residual breast cancer burden to predict survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 1;25(28):4414-22. Epub 2007 Sep 4. link to original article PubMed

Residual disease in breast and nodes (RDBN)

  • Level 1: pCR in breast and nodes with or without in situ carcinoma
  • Levels 2 to 4: Residual disease, calculated as 0.2 (residual breast tumor size in cm) + index of involved nodes (0 for no positive nodes, 1 for 1 to 4 positive nodes, 2 for 5 to 7 positive nodes, and 3 for 8 positive nodes) + the Scarff–Bloom–Richardson grade (1, 2, or 3). The cut-off points are 3 and 4.3.

References

  1. Chollet P, Abrial C, Durando X, Thivat E, Tacca O, Mouret-Reynier MA, Leheurteur M, Kwiatkowski F, Dauplat J, Penault-Llorca F. A new prognostic classification after primary chemotherapy for breast cancer: residual disease in breast and nodes (RDBN). Cancer J. 2008 Mar-Apr;14(2):128-32. link to original article PubMed

Sataloff's classification

  • Breast:
    • T-A: Total or nearly total therapeutic effect
    • T-B: Greater than 50% therapeutic effect
    • T-C: Less than 50% therapeutic effect
    • T-D: No therapeutic effect
  • Lymph node:
    • N-A: Therapeutic effect but no metastasis
    • N-B: No metastasis, no therapeutic effect
    • N-C: Therapeutic effect but metastasis
    • N-D: Metastasis, no therapeutic effect

References

  1. Sataloff DM, Mason BA, Prestipino AJ, Seinige UL, Lieber CP, Baloch Z. Pathologic response to induction chemotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the breast: a determinant of outcome. J Am Coll Surg. 1995 Mar;180(3):297-306. PubMed

Tumor response ratio

Calculated as follows: Residual breast disease observed upon pathologic examination divided by the size of the tumor on the pre-neoadjuvant therapy image.

  • TRR = 0: pathologic complete response (pCR)
  • TRR greater than 0 up to 0.4: strong partial response
  • TRR greater than 0.4 up to 1.0: weak partial response (WPR)
  • TRR greater than 1.0: tumor growth

References

  1. Miller M, Ottesen RA, Niland JC, Kruper L, Chen SL, Vito C. Tumor response ratio predicts overall survival in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 Oct;21(10):3317-23. Epub 2014 Jul 25. link to original article PubMed

ypTNM staging

This system is proprietary to the AJCC. Please visit their site or consult the AJCC Manual for further details.

Adjuvant chemotherapy, sequential regimens

A-CMF

A-CMF: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) followed by Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen variant #1, IV classical CMF

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, A portion

Chemotherapy, CMF portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 28-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #2, PO classical CMF

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, A portion

Chemotherapy, CMF portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 28-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. SECRAB: Fernando IN, Bowden SJ, Herring K, Brookes CL, Ahmed I, Marshall A, Grieve R, Churn M, Spooner D, Latief TN, Agrawal RK, Brunt AM, Stevens A, Goodman A, Canney P, Bishop J, Ritchie D, Dunn J, Poole CJ, Rea DW; SECRAB Investigators. Synchronous versus sequential chemo-radiotherapy in patients with early stage breast cancer (SECRAB): A randomised, phase III, trial. Radiother Oncol. 2020 Jan;142:52-61. Epub 2019 Nov 27. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

ddA-ddT-ddC

ddA-ddT-ddC: dose-dense Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), followed by dose-dense Taxol (Paclitaxel), followed by dose-dense Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Citron et al. 2003 (CALGB 9741) 1997-1999 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, ddA portion

Chemotherapy, ddT portion

Supportive therapy, ddT portion

  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) as follows:
    • Cycles 5 to 8: 12.5 to 50 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
  • One of the following H2 blocker choices:
    • Ranitidine (Zantac) as follows:
      • Cycles 5 to 8: 50 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
    • Cimetidine (Tagamet) as follows:
      • Cycles 5 to 8: 300 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
    • Famotidine (Pepcid) as follows:
      • Cycles 5 to 8: 20 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
  • One of the following dexamethasone choices:

Chemotherapy, ddC portion

Supportive therapy, all portions

  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) 5 mcg/kg (rounded to either 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day on days 3 to 10
    • Note: Citron et al. 2003 says the schedule was "filgrastim days 3 to 10 of each cycle (a total of seven doses)," so it is unclear whether 7 or 8 doses was actually used).

14-day cycle for 12 cycles

References

  1. CALGB 9741: Citron ML, Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Hudis C, Winer EP, Gradishar WJ, Davidson NE, Martino S, Livingston R, Ingle JN, Perez EA, Carpenter J, Hurd D, Holland JF, Smith BL, Sartor CI, Leung EH, Abrams J, Schilsky RL, Muss HB, Norton L. Randomized trial of dose-dense versus conventionally scheduled and sequential versus concurrent combination chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment of node-positive primary breast cancer: first report of Intergroup Trial C9741/Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 9741. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Apr 15;21(8):1431-9. Epub 2003 Feb 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

AC-CMF

AC-CMF: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide followed by Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Colleoni et al. 2006 (IBCSG 13-93) 1993-1999 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT
Basser et al. 2006 (IBCSG 15-95) 1995-2000 Phase 3 (C) DI-EC Seems to have inferior DFS1
Francis et al. 2008 (BIG 02-98) 1998-2001 Phase 3 (C) 1. A-CMF Not reported
2. A-D-CMF
3. AD-CMF 		Might have inferior DFS2

1Reported efficacy for IBCSG 15-95 is based on the 2009 update.
2Reported efficacy for BIG 02-98 is based on the 2015 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, CMF portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 28-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. IBCSG 15-95: Basser RL, O'Neill A, Martinelli G, Green MD, Peccatori F, Cinieri S, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Aebi S, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Viale G, Price KN, Goldhirsch A; International Breast Cancer Study Group. Multicycle dose-intensive chemotherapy for women with high-risk primary breast cancer: results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 15-95. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 20;24(3):370-8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Colleoni M, Sun Z, Martinelli G, Basser RL, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Green MD, Peccatori F, Cinieri S, Aebi S, Viale G, Price KN, Goldhirsch A; International Breast Cancer Study Group. The effect of endocrine responsiveness on high-risk breast cancer treated with dose-intensive chemotherapy: results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 15-95 after prolonged follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2009 Aug;20(8):1344-51. Epub 2009 May 25. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. IBCSG 13-93: Colleoni M, Gelber S, Goldhirsch A, Aebi S, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Price KN, Coates AS, Gelber RD; International Breast Cancer Study Group. Tamoxifen after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women with lymph node-positive breast cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 13-93. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Mar 20;24(9):1332-41. Epub 2006 Feb 27. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  3. BIG 02-98: Francis P, Crown J, Di Leo A, Buyse M, Balil A, Andersson M, Nordenskjöld B, Lang I, Jakesz R, Vorobiof D, Gutiérrez J, van Hazel G, Dolci S, Jamin S, Bendahmane B, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Piccart-Gebhart M; BIG. Adjuvant chemotherapy with sequential or concurrent anthracycline and docetaxel: Breast International Group 02-98 randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Jan 16;100(2):121-33. Epub 2008 Jan 8. Erratum in: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Nov 19;100(22):1655. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Oakman C, Francis PA, Crown J, Quinaux E, Buyse M, De Azambuja E, Margeli Vila M, Andersson M, Nordenskjöld B, Jakesz R, Thürlimann B, Gutiérrez J, Harvey V, Punzalan L, Dell'orto P, Larsimont D, Steinberg I, Gelber RD, Piccart-Gebhart M, Viale G, Di Leo A. Overall survival benefit for sequential doxorubicin-docetaxel compared with concurrent doxorubicin and docetaxel in node-positive breast cancer--8-year results of the Breast International Group 02-98 phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2013 May;24(5):1203-11. Epub 2013 Jan 4. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Sonnenblick A, Francis PA, Azim HA Jr, de Azambuja E, Nordenskjöld B, Gutiérez J, Quinaux E, Mastropasqua MG, Ameye L, Anderson M, Lluch A, Gnant M, Goldhirsch A, Di Leo A, Barnadas A, Cortes-Funes H, Piccart M, Crown J. Final 10-year results of the Breast International Group 2-98 phase III trial and the role of Ki67 in predicting benefit of adjuvant docetaxel in patients with oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2015 Aug;51(12):1481-9. Epub 2015 Jun 11. link to original article PubMed

AC-D

AC-D: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide followed by Docetaxel

Protocol variant #1, q3wk docetaxel 75 mg/m2

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Watanabe et al. 2017 (NSAS BC-02) 2001-2006 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC-T
2. Paclitaxel x 8 		Seems to have superior OS
(HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57-0.98)
3. Docetaxel x 8 Inconclusive whether non-inferior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Protocol variant #2, q3wk docetaxel 100 mg/m2

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sparano et al. 2008 (ECOG E1199) 1999-2002 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) 1. AC-T; q3wk paclitaxel Seems to have superior DFS
2. AC-T; weekly paclitaxel
3. AC-D; weekly docetaxel 		Not reported
Swain et al. 2010 (NSABP B-30) 1999-2004 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) 1. AT Seems to have superior OS
2. TAC Might have superior OS
Eiermann et al. 2011 (BCIRG-005) 2000-2003 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) TAC Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Protocol variant #3, weekly docetaxel

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sparano et al. 2008 (ECOG E1199) 1999-2002 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) 1. AC-T; q3wk paclitaxel Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
2. AC-T; weekly paclitaxel
3. AC-D; q3wk docetaxel 		Not reported

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 7-day cycle for 12 cycles

References

  1. ECOG E1199: Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S, Jones V, Perez EA, Saphner T, Wolff AC, Sledge GW Jr, Wood WC, Davidson NE. Weekly paclitaxel in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 17;358(16):1663-71. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Sparano JA, Zhao F, Martino S, Ligibel JA, Perez EA, Saphner T, Wolff AC, Sledge GW Jr, Wood WC, Davidson NE. Long-term follow-up of the E1199 phase III trial evaluating the role of taxane and schedule in operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jul 20;33(21):2353-60. Epub 2015 Jun 15. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. NSABP B-30: Swain SM, Jeong JH, Geyer CE Jr, Costantino JP, Pajon ER, Fehrenbacher L, Atkins JN, Polikoff J, Vogel VG, Erban JK, Rastogi P, Livingston RB, Perez EA, Mamounas EP, Land SR, Ganz PA, Wolmark N. Longer therapy, iatrogenic amenorrhea, and survival in early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 3;362(22):2053-65. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  3. BCIRG-005: Eiermann W, Pienkowski T, Crown J, Sadeghi S, Martín M, Chan A, Saleh M, Sehdev S, Provencher L, Semiglazov V, Press M, Sauter G, Lindsay MA, Riva A, Buyse M, Drevot P, Taupin H, Mackey JR. Phase III study of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide with concomitant versus sequential docetaxel as adjuvant treatment in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-normal, node-positive breast cancer: BCIRG-005 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Oct 10;29(29):3877-84. Epub 2011 Sep 12. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Mackey JR, Pieńkowski T, Crown J, Sadeghi S, Martín M, Chan A, Saleh M, Sehdev S, Provencher L, Semiglazov V, Press MF, Sauter G, Lindsay M, Houé V, Buyse M, Drevot P, Hitier S, Bensfia S, Eiermann W; Translational Research In Oncology (TRIO)/ Breast Cancer International Research Group (BCIRG)-005 investigators. Long-term outcomes after adjuvant treatment of sequential versus combination docetaxel with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in node-positive breast cancer: BCIRG-005 randomized trial. Ann Oncol. 2016 Jun;27(6):1041-7. Epub 2016 Mar 2. link to original article PubMed
  4. NSAS BC-02: Watanabe T, Kuranami M, Inoue K, Masuda N, Aogi K, Ohno S, Iwata H, Mukai H, Uemura Y, Ohashi Y. Comparison of an AC-taxane versus AC-free regimen and paclitaxel versus docetaxel in patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer: final results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer 02 trial, a randomized comparative phase 3 study. Cancer. 2017 Mar 1;123(5):759-768. Epub 2017 Jan 12. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract link to PMC article PubMed

AC-T

AC-T: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen variant #1, weekly paclitaxel

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sparano et al. 2008 (ECOG E1199) 1999-2002 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) 1. AC-T; q3wk paclitaxel Superior OS
OS60: 89.7% vs 86.5%
(HR 0.76, 98.3% CI 0.58-0.98)
2. AC-D; q3wk docetaxel
3. AC-D; weekly docetaxel 		Not reported
Fehrenbacher et al. 2019 (NSABP B-47) 2011-2015 Phase 3 (C) 1a. AC-TH
1b. ddAC-TH
1c. TCH 		Did not meet primary endpoint of IDFS

Note: this regimen has been studied in many trials; these may be referenced under the individual components AC or T. Over time we will migrate these studies here.

Biomarker eligibility criteria

  • NSABP B-47: HER2 IHC of 1+ or 2+ with FISH ratio less than 2 or HER2 gene copy number less than 4

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #2, q3wk paclitaxel 175 mg/m2

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Citron et al. 2003 (CALGB 9741) 1997-1999 Phase 3 (C) See link See link
Sparano et al. 2008 (ECOG E1199) 1999-2002 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC-T; weekly paclitaxel Inferior OS
2. AC-D; q3wk docetaxel Seems to have inferior DFS
3. AC-D; weekly docetaxel Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Loesch et al. 2010 2000-2002 Phase 3 (C) See link See link
Burnell et al. 2009 (NCIC-CTG MA.21) 2000-2005 Phase 3 (C) 1. ddEC-T
2. CEF 		Inferior RFS
Watanabe et al. 2017 (NSAS BC-02) 2001-2006 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC-D
2. Docetaxel x 8 		Seems to have inferior OS
3. Paclitaxel x 8 Inconclusive whether non-inferior DFS

Note: this regimen has been studied in many trials; these may be referenced under the individual components AC or T. Over time we will migrate these studies here.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #3, q3wk paclitaxel 225 mg/m2

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Mamounas et al. 2005 (NSABP B-28) 1995-1998 Phase 3 (E-esc) AC x 4 Superior PFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, AC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. CALGB 9741: Citron ML, Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Hudis C, Winer EP, Gradishar WJ, Davidson NE, Martino S, Livingston R, Ingle JN, Perez EA, Carpenter J, Hurd D, Holland JF, Smith BL, Sartor CI, Leung EH, Abrams J, Schilsky RL, Muss HB, Norton L. Randomized trial of dose-dense versus conventionally scheduled and sequential versus concurrent combination chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment of node-positive primary breast cancer: first report of Intergroup Trial C9741/Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 9741. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Apr 15;21(8):1431-9. Epub 2003 Feb 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  2. NSABP B-28: Mamounas EP, Bryant J, Lembersky B, Fehrenbacher L, Sedlacek SM, Fisher B, Wickerham DL, Yothers G, Soran A, Wolmark N. Paclitaxel after doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: results from NSABP B-28. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3686-96. Epub 2005 May 16. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  3. ECOG E1199: Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S, Jones V, Perez EA, Saphner T, Wolff AC, Sledge GW Jr, Wood WC, Davidson NE. Weekly paclitaxel in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 17;358(16):1663-71. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Sparano JA, Zhao F, Martino S, Ligibel JA, Perez EA, Saphner T, Wolff AC, Sledge GW Jr, Wood WC, Davidson NE. Long-term follow-up of the E1199 phase III trial evaluating the role of taxane and schedule in operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jul 20;33(21):2353-60. Epub 2015 Jun 15. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  4. NCIC-CTG MA.21: Burnell M, Levine MN, Chapman JA, Bramwell V, Gelmon K, Walley B, Vandenberg T, Chalchal H, Albain KS, Perez EA, Rugo H, Pritchard K, O'Brien P, Shepherd LE. Cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil versus dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel in node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 1;28(1):77-82. Epub 2009 Nov 9. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  5. Loesch D, Greco FA, Senzer NN, Burris HA, Hainsworth JD, Jones S, Vukelja SJ, Sandbach J, Holmes F, Sedlacek S, Pippen J, Lindquist D, McIntyre K, Blum JL, Modiano MR, Boehm KA, Zhan F, Asmar L, Robert N. Phase III multicenter trial of doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel compared with doxorubicin plus paclitaxel followed by weekly paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for women with high-risk breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jun 20;28(18):2958-65. Epub 2010 May 17. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  6. NSAS BC-02: Watanabe T, Kuranami M, Inoue K, Masuda N, Aogi K, Ohno S, Iwata H, Mukai H, Uemura Y, Ohashi Y. Comparison of an AC-taxane versus AC-free regimen and paclitaxel versus docetaxel in patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer: final results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer 02 trial, a randomized comparative phase 3 study. Cancer. 2017 Mar 1;123(5):759-768. Epub 2017 Jan 12. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract link to PMC article PubMed
  7. NSABP B-47: Fehrenbacher L, Cecchini RS, Geyer CE Jr, Rastogi P, Costantino JP, Atkins JN, Crown JP, Polikoff J, Boileau JF, Provencher L, Stokoe C, Moore TD, Robidoux A, Flynn PJ, Borges VF, Albain KS, Swain SM, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. NSABP B-47/NRG Oncology Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in High-Risk Invasive Breast Cancer Negative for HER2 by FISH and With IHC 1+ or 2. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Feb 10;38(5):444-453. Epub 2019 Dec 10. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Dose-dense AC-T

ddAC-T: dose-dense Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen variant #1, q2wk paclitaxel

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Citron et al. 2003 (CALGB 9741) 1997-1999 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, ddAC portion

Supportive therapy, ddAC portion

  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) as follows:
    • Cycles 1 to 4: 5 mcg/kg (rounded to either 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day on days 3 to 10
    • Note: Citron et al. 2003 says the schedule was "filgrastim days 3 to 10 of each cycle (a total of seven doses)," so it is unclear whether 7 or 8 doses was actually used).

Chemotherapy, ddT portion

Supportive therapy, ddT portion

  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) as follows:
    • Cycles 5 to 8: 12.5 to 50 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
  • One of the following H2 blockers:
    • Ranitidine (Zantac) as follows:
    • Cycles 5 to 8: 50 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
    • Cimetidine (Tagamet) as follows:
    • Cycles 5 to 8: 300 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
    • Famotidine (Pepcid) as follows:
    • Cycles 5 to 8: 20 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
  • One of the following dexamethasone choices:
  • Recommended growth factor support with one of the following choices:
    • Filgrastim (Neupogen) as follows:
      • Cycles 5 to 8: 5 mcg/kg (rounded to 300 mcg or 480 mcg, whichever is closer) SC once per day on days 3 to 10; may be discontinued before day 10 if ANC has recovered to an "acceptable range, as determined by the treating physician"
    • Sargramostim (Leukine) as follows:
      • Cycles 5 to 8: 250 to 500 mcg/m2 SC once per day on days 3 to 10; may be discontinued before day 10 if ANC has recovered to an "acceptable range, as determined by the treating physician"
    • Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) as follows:
      • Cycles 5 to 8: 6 mg SC once, given 24 to 36 hours after chemotherapy
        • GIM2: a mid-protocol amendment suggested giving the pegilgrastim at least 72 h after chemotherapy

14-day cycle for 8 cycles


Protocol variant #2, weekly paclitaxel

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fehrenbacher et al. 2019 (NSABP B-47) 2011-2015 Phase 3 (C) 1a. AC-TH
1b. ddAC-TH
1c. TCH 		Did not meet primary endpoint of IDFS

Note: Fehrenbacher et al. 2019 does not explicitly describe the use of filgrastim, but it is typically used for the dose-dense portion of this regimen.

Biomarker eligibility criteria

  • NSABP B-47: HER2 IHC of 1+ or 2+ with FISH ratio less than 2 or HER2 gene copy number less than 4

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, ddAC portion

Supportive therapy, ddAC portion

  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) as follows:
    • Cycles 1 to 4: 5 mcg/kg (rounded to either 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day on days 3 to 10

Chemotherapy, T portion

14-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 7-day cycle for 12 cycles

References

  1. CALGB 9741: Citron ML, Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Hudis C, Winer EP, Gradishar WJ, Davidson NE, Martino S, Livingston R, Ingle JN, Perez EA, Carpenter J, Hurd D, Holland JF, Smith BL, Sartor CI, Leung EH, Abrams J, Schilsky RL, Muss HB, Norton L. Randomized trial of dose-dense versus conventionally scheduled and sequential versus concurrent combination chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment of node-positive primary breast cancer: first report of Intergroup Trial C9741/Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 9741. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Apr 15;21(8):1431-9. Epub 2003 Feb 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  2. NSABP B-47: Fehrenbacher L, Cecchini RS, Geyer CE Jr, Rastogi P, Costantino JP, Atkins JN, Crown JP, Polikoff J, Boileau JF, Provencher L, Stokoe C, Moore TD, Robidoux A, Flynn PJ, Borges VF, Albain KS, Swain SM, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. NSABP B-47/NRG Oncology Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in High-Risk Invasive Breast Cancer Negative for HER2 by FISH and With IHC 1+ or 2. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Feb 10;38(5):444-453. Epub 2019 Dec 10. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

D-EC

D-EC: Docetaxel followed by Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Polyzos et al. 2009 1995-2004 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FEC Seems to have superior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, D portion

Chemotherapy, EC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. Polyzos A, Malamos N, Boukovinas I, Adamou A, Ziras N, Kalbakis K, Kakolyris S, Syrigos K, Papakotoulas P, Kouroussis C, Karvounis N, Vamvakas L, Christophyllakis C, Athanasiadis A, Varthalitis I, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D; Hellenic Oncology Research Group. FEC versus sequential docetaxel followed by epirubicin/cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy in women with axillary node-positive early breast cancer: a randomized study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Jan;119(1):95-104. Epub 2009 Jul 28. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

D-FEC

D-FEC: Docetaxel followed by Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide
T-CEF: Taxotere (Docetaxel) followed by Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Joensuu et al. 2009 (FinXX) 2004-2007 Phase 3 (C) TX-CEX Seems to have inferior OS1

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2022 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, D portion

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. FinXX: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Tanner M, Asola R, Kokko R, Ahlgren J, Auvinen P, Hemminki A, Paija O, Helle L, Nuortio L, Villman K, Nilsson G, Lahtela SL, Lehtiö K, Pajunen M, Poikonen P, Nyandoto P, Kataja V, Bono P, Leinonen M, Lindman H; FinXX Study Investigators. Adjuvant capecitabine in combination with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide plus epirubicin for breast cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Dec;10(12):1145-51. Epub 2009 Nov 10. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Tanner M, Kokko R, Ahlgren J, Auvinen P, Paija O, Helle L, Villman K, Nyandoto P, Nilsson G, Pajunen M, Asola R, Poikonen P, Leinonen M, Kataja V, Bono P, Lindman H. Adjuvant capecitabine, docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, and epirubicin for early breast cancer: final analysis of the randomized FinXX trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jan 1;30(1):11-8. Epub 2011 Nov 21. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola A, Tanner M, Ahlgren J, Auvinen P, Lahdenperä O, Villman K, Nyandoto P, Nilsson G, Poikonen-Saksela P, Kataja V, Bono P, Junnila J, Lindman H. Adjuvant Capecitabine for Early Breast Cancer: 15-Year Overall Survival Results From a Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Apr 1;40(10):1051-1058. Epub 2022 Jan 12. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

E-CMF

E-CMF: Epirubicin followed by Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen variant #1, 100/750/50/600

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Poole et al. 2006 (BR9601) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (E-esc) CMF x 6 Superior OS1
OS60: 84% vs 78%
(HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89)
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2012 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, E portion

Chemotherapy, CMF portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 100/1200/80/1200

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Poole et al. 2006 (NEAT) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (E-esc) CMF x 6 Superior OS1
OS60: 84% vs 78%
(HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89)
Boccardo et al. 2010 1997-2004 Phase 3 (C) T-EV Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Amadori et al. 2010 (IRST-IBIS-03) 1997-2004 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) CMF x 6 Not reported
CMF-E Did not meet endpoint of OS60
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS
Ellis et al. 2009 (TACT) 2001-2003 Phase 3 (C) FEC-D Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Cameron et al. 2017 (TACT2) 2005-2008 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2012 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, E portion

Chemotherapy, CMF portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 28-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #3, 100/1400/80/1200 ("classic CMF")

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Poole et al. 2006 (NEAT) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (E-esc) CMF x 6 Superior OS1
OS60: 84% vs 78%
(HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89)
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS
Cameron et al. 2017 (TACT2) 2005-2008 Phase 3 (C) See link See link
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2012 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, E portion

Chemotherapy, CMF portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 28-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. NEAT: Poole CJ, Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Bathers S, Grieve RJ, Spooner DA, Agrawal RK, Fernando IN, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, Harvey P, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 2;355(18):1851-62. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Vallier AL, Bowden SJ, Jordan SD, Blows F, Munro A, Bathers S, Grieve R, Spooner DA, Agrawal R, Fernando I, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ, Cameron D, Bartlett JM, Pharoah P, Provenzano E, Caldas C, Poole CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Adjuvant epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) vs CMF in early breast cancer: results with over 7 years median follow-up from the randomised phase III NEAT/BR9601 trials. Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 9;107(8):1257-67. Epub 2012 Sep 11. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. BR9601: Poole CJ, Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Bathers S, Grieve RJ, Spooner DA, Agrawal RK, Fernando IN, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, Harvey P, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 2;355(18):1851-62. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Vallier AL, Bowden SJ, Jordan SD, Blows F, Munro A, Bathers S, Grieve R, Spooner DA, Agrawal R, Fernando I, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ, Cameron D, Bartlett JM, Pharoah P, Provenzano E, Caldas C, Poole CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Adjuvant epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) vs CMF in early breast cancer: results with over 7 years median follow-up from the randomised phase III NEAT/BR9601 trials. Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 9;107(8):1257-67. Epub 2012 Sep 11. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  3. TACT: Ellis P, Barrett-Lee P, Johnson L, Cameron D, Wardley A, O'Reilly S, Verrill M, Smith I, Yarnold J, Coleman R, Earl H, Canney P, Twelves C, Poole C, Bloomfield D, Hopwood P, Johnston S, Dowsett M, Bartlett JM, Ellis I, Peckitt C, Hall E, Bliss JM; TACT Trial Management Group; TACT Trialists. Sequential docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (TACT): an open-label, phase III, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 May 16;373(9676):1681-92. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed ISRCTN79718493
  4. Boccardo F, Amadori D, Guglielmini P, Sismondi P, Farris A, Agostara B, Gambi A, Catalano G, Faedi M, Rubagotti A. Epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil versus paclitaxel followed by epirubicin and vinorelbine in patients with high-risk operable breast cancer. Oncology. 2010;78(3-4):274-81. Epub 2010 Jun 8. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  5. IRST-IBIS-03: Amadori D, Silvestrini R, De Lena M, Boccardo F, Rocca A, Scarpi E, Schittulli F, Brandi M, Maltoni R, Serra P, Ponzone R, Biglia N, Gianni L, Tienghi A, Valerio MR, Bonginelli P, Amaducci L, Faedi M, Baldini E, Paradiso A. Randomized phase III trial of adjuvant epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) versus CMF followed by epirubicin in patients with node-negative or 1-3 node-positive rapidly proliferating breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Feb;125(3):775-84. Epub 2010 Dec 4. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  6. TACT2: Cameron D, Morden JP, Canney P, Velikova G, Coleman R, Bartlett J, Agrawal R, Banerji J, Bertelli G, Bloomfield D, Brunt AM, Earl H, Ellis P, Gaunt C, Gillman A, Hearfield N, Laing R, Murray N, Couper N, Stein RC, Verrill M, Wardley A, Barrett-Lee P, Bliss JM; TACT2 Investigators. Accelerated versus standard epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil or capecitabine as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in the randomised UK TACT2 trial (CRUK/05/19): a multicentre, phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Jul;18(7):929-945. Epub 2017 Jun 7. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  7. SECRAB: Fernando IN, Bowden SJ, Herring K, Brookes CL, Ahmed I, Marshall A, Grieve R, Churn M, Spooner D, Latief TN, Agrawal RK, Brunt AM, Stevens A, Goodman A, Canney P, Bishop J, Ritchie D, Dunn J, Poole CJ, Rea DW; SECRAB Investigators. Synchronous versus sequential chemo-radiotherapy in patients with early stage breast cancer (SECRAB): A randomised, phase III, trial. Radiother Oncol. 2020 Jan;142:52-61. Epub 2019 Nov 27. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  8. MINDACT: Delaloge S, Piccart M, Rutgers E, Litière S, van 't Veer LJ, van den Berkmortel F, Brain E, Dudek-Peric A, Gil-Gil M, Gomez P, Hilbers FS, Khalil Z, Knox S, Kuemmel S, Kunz G, Lesur A, Pierga JY, Ravdin P, Rubio IT, Saghatchian M, Smilde TJ, Thompson AM, Viale G, Zoppoli G, Vuylsteke P, Tryfonidis K, Poncet C, Bogaerts J, Cardoso F; MINDACT investigators and the TRANSBIG Consortium. Standard Anthracycline Based Versus Docetaxel-Capecitabine in Early High Clinical and/or Genomic Risk Breast Cancer in the EORTC 10041/BIG 3-04 MINDACT Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;38(11):1186-1197. Epub 2020 Feb 21. link to original article contains dosing details in supplement link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

E-D

E-D: Epirubicin followed by Docetaxel

Regimen variant #1

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Coombes et al. 2011 (DEVA) 1997-2005 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Epirubicin Superior OS
OS60: 88.9% vs 81.8%
(HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.94)

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, E portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

28-day cycle for 3 cycles, then 21-day cycle for 3 cycles


Regimen variant #2

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Mavroudis et al. 2017 (HORG CT/01.04) 2001-2013 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Epirubicin & Docetaxel Might have superior DFS
DFS60: 92.6% vs 88.2%
(HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39-1.01)

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, E portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. DEVA: Coombes RC, Bliss JM, Espie M, Erdkamp F, Wals J, Tres A, Marty M, Coleman RE, Tubiana-Mathieu N, den Boer MO, Wardley A, Kilburn LS, Cooper D, Thomas MW, Reise JA, Wilkinson K, Hupperets P. Randomized, phase III trial of sequential epirubicin and docetaxel versus epirubicin alone in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Aug 20;29(24):3247-54. Epub 2011 Jul 18. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed ISRCTN89772270
  2. HORG CT/01.04: Mavroudis D, Saloustros E, Boukovinas I, Papakotoulas P, Kakolyris S, Ziras N, Christophylakis C, Kentepozidis N, Fountzilas G, Rigas G, Varthalitis I, Kalbakis K, Agelaki S, Hatzidaki D, Georgoulias V; Hellenic Oncology Research Group. Sequential vs concurrent epirubicin and docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk, node-negative, early breast cancer: an interim analysis of a randomised phase III study from the Hellenic Oncology Research Group. Br J Cancer. 2017 Jul 11;117(2):164-170. Epub 2017 Jun 22. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

EC-CMF

EC-CMF: Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide followed by Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Colleoni et al. 2006 (IBCSG 13-93) 1993-1999 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT
Basser et al. 2006 (IBCSG 15-95) 1995-2000 Phase 3 (C) DI-EC Seems to have inferior DFS1

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2009 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, CMF portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 28-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. IBCSG 15-95: Basser RL, O'Neill A, Martinelli G, Green MD, Peccatori F, Cinieri S, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Aebi S, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Viale G, Price KN, Goldhirsch A; International Breast Cancer Study Group. Multicycle dose-intensive chemotherapy for women with high-risk primary breast cancer: results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 15-95. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 20;24(3):370-8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Colleoni M, Sun Z, Martinelli G, Basser RL, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Green MD, Peccatori F, Cinieri S, Aebi S, Viale G, Price KN, Goldhirsch A; International Breast Cancer Study Group. The effect of endocrine responsiveness on high-risk breast cancer treated with dose-intensive chemotherapy: results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 15-95 after prolonged follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2009 Aug;20(8):1344-51. Epub 2009 May 25. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. IBCSG 13-93: Colleoni M, Gelber S, Goldhirsch A, Aebi S, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Price KN, Coates AS, Gelber RD; International Breast Cancer Study Group. Tamoxifen after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women with lymph node-positive breast cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 13-93. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Mar 20;24(9):1332-41. Epub 2006 Feb 27. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

ddEC-ddCMF

ddEC-ddCMF: dose-dense Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide followed by dose-dense Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Nitz et al. 2005 (WSG AM-01) 1995-2002 Phase 3 (C) EC, then ECT with auto HSCT x 2 Seems to have inferior OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, ddEC portion

Chemotherapy, ddCMF portion

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 7 cycles

References

  1. WSG AM-01: Nitz UA, Mohrmann S, Fischer J, Lindemann W, Berdel WE, Jackisch C, Werner C, Ziske C, Kirchner H, Metzner B, Souchon R, Ruffert U, Schütt G, Pollmanns A, Schmoll HJ, Middecke C, Baltzer J, Schrader I, Wiebringhaus H, Ko Y, Rösel S, Schwenzer T, Wernet P, Hinke A, Bender HG, Frick M; West German Study Group. Comparison of rapidly cycled tandem high-dose chemotherapy plus peripheral-blood stem-cell support versus dose-dense conventional chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment of high-risk breast cancer: results of a multicentre phase III trial. Lancet. 2005 Dec 3;366(9501):1935-44. Erratum in: Lancet. 2006 Mar 4;367(9512):730. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

ddEC-ddT

ddEC-ddCMF: dose-dense Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide followed by dose-dense Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Del Mastro et al. 2015 (GIM2) 2003-2006 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link

Note: a mid-protocol amendment of GIM2 suggested giving the pegfilgrastim at least 72 h after chemotherapy.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, ddEC portion

Chemotherapy, ddT portion

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. GIM2: Del Mastro L, De Placido S, Bruzzi P, De Laurentiis M, Boni C, Cavazzini G, Durando A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Valle E, Garrone O, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Barni S, Ardizzoni A, Gamucci T, Colantuoni G, Giuliano M, Gravina A, Papaldo P, Bighin C, Bisagni G, Forestieri V, Cognetti F; Gruppo Italiano Mammella. Fluorouracil and dose-dense chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer: an open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015 May 9;385(9980):1863-72. Epub 2015 Mar 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Del Mastro L, Poggio F, Blondeaux E, De Placido S, Giuliano M, Forestieri V, De Laurentiis M, Gravina A, Bisagni G, Rimanti A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Vaccaro A, Cognetti F, Fabi A, Gasparro S, Garrone O, Alicicco MG, Urracci Y, Mansutti M, Poletti P, Correale P, Bighin C, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Colantuoni G, Lambertini M, Boni L; Gruppo Italiano Mammella Investigators. Fluorouracil and dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer (GIM2): end-of-study results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Dec;23(12):1571-1582. Epub 2022 Nov 10. link to original article PubMed

EC-D

EC-D: Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Docetaxel
EC-T: Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxotere (Docetaxel)

Regimen variant #1, 3+3 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ejlertsen et al. 2017 (DBCG 07-READ) 2008-2012 Phase 3 (C) TC x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Biomarker eligibility criteria

  • TOP2A normal as determined by FISH

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 4+4 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Martín et al. 2015 (GEICAM 2003-10) 2004-2007 Phase 3 (C) ET-X x 4+4 Seems to have superior IDFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. WSG-AGO EC-Doc: Nitz U, Gluz O, Huober J, Kreipe HH, Kates RE, Hartmann A, Erber R, Moustafa Z, Scholz M, Lisboa B, Mohrmann S, Möbus V, Augustin D, Hoffmann G, Weiss E, Böhmer S, Kreienberg R, Du Bois A, Sattler D, Thomssen C, Kiechle M, Jänicke F, Wallwiener D, Harbeck N, Kuhn W. Final analysis of the prospective WSG-AGO EC-Doc versus FEC phase III trial in intermediate-risk (pN1) early breast cancer: efficacy and predictive value of Ki67 expression. Ann Oncol. 2014 Aug;25(8):1551-7. Epub 2014 May 14. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2017 Nov 1;28(11):2899. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  2. GEICAM 2003-10: Martín M, Ruiz Simón A, Ruiz Borrego M, Ribelles N, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Muñoz-Mateu M, González S, Margelí Vila M, Barnadas A, Ramos M, Del Barco Berron S, Jara C, Calvo L, Martínez-Jáñez N, Mendiola Fernández C, Rodríguez CA, Martínez de Dueñas E, Andrés R, Plazaola A, de la Haba-Rodríguez J, López-Vega JM, Adrover E, Ballesteros AI, Santaballa A, Sánchez-Rovira P, Baena-Cañada JM, Casas M, del Carmen Cámara M, Carrasco EM, Lluch A. Epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel versus epirubicin plus docetaxel followed by capecitabine as adjuvant therapy for node-positive early breast cancer: results from the GEICAM/2003-10 study. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Nov 10;33(32):3788-95. Epub 2015 Sep 28. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  3. DBCG 07-READ: Ejlertsen B, Tuxen MK, Jakobsen EH, Jensen MB, Knoop AS, Højris I, Ewertz M, Balslev E, Danø H, Vestlev PM, Kenholm J, Nielsen DL, Bechmann T, Andersson M, Cold S, Nielsen HM, Maae E, Carlsen D, Mouridsen HT. Adjuvant cyclophosphamide and docetaxel with or without epirubicin for early TOP2A-normal breast cancer: DBCG 07-READ, an open-label, phase III, randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2639-2646. Epub 2017 Jun 29. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

EC-T

EC-T: Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)
EC-P: Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide followed by Paclitaxel

Regimen variant #1, 75/600

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Yu et al. 2021 (SPECTRUMbrca) 2011-2016 Phase 3 (C) EP-T Might have inferior DFS60

Note: this trial should not be confused with the one by the same name in head & neck cancer.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 90/600

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Earl et al. 2017 (tAnGo) 2001-2004 Phase 3 (C) EC-TG Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Del Mastro et al. 2015 (GIM2) 2003-2006 Phase 3 (C) 1. ddEC-ddT
2. ddFEC-ddT 		Inferior OS
3. FEC-P Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Yuan et al. 2023 (CH-BC-006) 2010-06-01 to 2016-06-30 Phase 3 (C) EP Non-inferior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, EC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. GIM2: Del Mastro L, De Placido S, Bruzzi P, De Laurentiis M, Boni C, Cavazzini G, Durando A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Valle E, Garrone O, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Barni S, Ardizzoni A, Gamucci T, Colantuoni G, Giuliano M, Gravina A, Papaldo P, Bighin C, Bisagni G, Forestieri V, Cognetti F; GIM. Fluorouracil and dose-dense chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer: an open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015 May 9;385(9980):1863-72. Epub 2015 Mar 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Del Mastro L, Poggio F, Blondeaux E, De Placido S, Giuliano M, Forestieri V, De Laurentiis M, Gravina A, Bisagni G, Rimanti A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Vaccaro A, Cognetti F, Fabi A, Gasparro S, Garrone O, Alicicco MG, Urracci Y, Mansutti M, Poletti P, Correale P, Bighin C, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Colantuoni G, Lambertini M, Boni L; Gruppo Italiano Mammella Investigators. Fluorouracil and dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer (GIM2): end-of-study results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Dec;23(12):1571-1582. Epub 2022 Nov 10. link to original article PubMed
  2. tAnGo: Earl HM, Hiller L, Howard HC, Dunn JA, Young J, Bowden SJ, McDermaid M, Waterhouse AK, Wilson G, Agrawal R, O'Reilly S, Bowman A, Ritchie DM, Goodman A, Hickish T, McAdam K, Cameron D, Dodwell D, Rea DW, Caldas C, Provenzano E, Abraham JE, Canney P, Crown JP, Kennedy MJ, Coleman R, Leonard RC, Carmichael JA, Wardley AM, Poole CJ; tAnGo trial collaborators. Addition of gemcitabine to paclitaxel, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide adjuvant chemotherapy for women with early-stage breast cancer (tAnGo): final 10-year follow-up of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Jun;18(6):755-769. Epub 2017 May 4. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  3. SPECTRUMbrca: Yu KD, Ge JY, Liu XY, Mo M, He M, Shao ZM; SPECTRUM Investigators. Cyclophosphamide-Free Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Ovarian Protection in Young Women With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Phase 3 Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021 Oct 1;113(10):1352-1359. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  4. CH-BC-006: Yuan P, Kang Y, Ma F, Fan Y, Wang J, Wang X, Yue J, Luo Y, Zhang P, Li Q, Xu B. Effect of Epirubicin Plus Paclitaxel vs Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Paclitaxel on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Operable ERBB2-Negative and Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Feb 1;6(2):e230122. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  5. CH-BC-012: Clinical Trial Registry
  6. Fudan BC MASTER: Clinical Trial Registry

ddEC-T

ddEC-T: dose-dense Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide, followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Burnell et al. 2009 (NCIC-CTG MA.21) 2000-2005 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. AC-T Superior RFS (primary endpoint)
RFS36: 89.5% vs 85%
(HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.80)
2. FEC Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
RFS36: 89.5% vs 90.1%
(HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.64-1.22)

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, ddEC portion

Supportive therapy, ddEC portion

14-day cycle for 6 cycles

Chemotherapy, T portion

References

  1. NCIC-CTG MA.21: Burnell M, Levine MN, Chapman JA, Bramwell V, Gelmon K, Walley B, Vandenberg T, Chalchal H, Albain KS, Perez EA, Rugo H, Pritchard K, O'Brien P, Shepherd LE. Cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil versus dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel in node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 1;28(1):77-82. Epub 2009 Nov 9. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

EP-ddCMF

EP-ddCMF: Epirubicin & Paclitaxel followed by dose-dense Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fountzilas et al. 2007 (HE 10/00) 2000-2005 Phase 3 (C) ddE-ddP-ddCMF Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS36

Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, EP portion

Chemotherapy, ddCMF portion

Supportive therapy

  • G-CSF (dose not specified) SC once per day on days 2 to 10

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 14-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

  1. HE 10/00: Fountzilas G, Dafni U, Gogas H, Linardou H, Kalofonos HP, Briasoulis E, Pectasides D, Samantas E, Bafaloukos D, Stathopoulos GP, Karina M, Papadimitriou C, Skarlos D, Pisanidis N, Papakostas P, Markopoulos C, Tzorakoeleftherakis E, Dimitrakakis K, Makrantonakis P, Xiros N, Polichronis A, Varthalitis I, Karanikiotis C, Dimopoulos AM; Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Postoperative dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel and CMF in patients with high-risk breast cancer: safety analysis of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group randomized phase III trial HE 10/00. Ann Oncol. 2008 May;19(5):853-60. Epub 2007 Nov 27. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Gogas H, Dafni U, Karina M, Papadimitriou C, Batistatou A, Bobos M, Kalofonos HP, Eleftheraki AG, Timotheadou E, Bafaloukos D, Christodoulou C, Markopoulos C, Briasoulis E, Papakostas P, Samantas E, Kosmidis P, Stathopoulos GP, Karanikiotis C, Pectasides D, Dimopoulos MA, Fountzilas G. Postoperative dose-dense sequential versus concomitant administration of epirubicin and paclitaxel in patients with node-positive breast cancer: 5-year results of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group HE 10/00 phase III Trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Apr;132(2):609-19. Epub 2011 Dec 21. link to original article PubMed

FAC-T

FAC-T: Fluorouracil, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Martín et al. 2013 (GEICAM 2003-02) 2003-2008 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FAC x 6 Seems to have superior DFS (primary endpoint)
(HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99)

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, FAC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 7-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. GEICAM 2003-02: Martín M, Ruiz A, Ruiz Borrego M, Barnadas A, González S, Calvo L, Margelí Vila M, Antón A, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Seguí-Palmer MA, Muñoz-Mateu M, Dorca Ribugent J, López-Vega JM, Jara C, Espinosa E, Mendiola Fernández C, Andrés R, Ribelles N, Plazaola A, Sánchez-Rovira P, Salvador Bofill J, Crespo C, Carabantes FJ, Servitja S, Chacón JI, Rodríguez CA, Hernando B, Álvarez I, Carrasco E, Lluch A. Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) versus FAC followed by weekly paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer: results from the GEICAM/2003-02 study. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jul 10;31(20):2593-9. Epub 2013 Jun 3. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

FEC-D

FEC-D: Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide followed by Docetaxel

Regimen variant #1, 3 x 3

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Roché et al. 2006 (FNCLCC PACS 01) 1997-2000 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FEC x 6 Superior OS1
OS96: 83.2% vs 78%
(aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.92)
de Gregorio et al. 2020 (SUCCESS-A) 2005-2007 Phase 3 (C) FEC-DG Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Sakr et al. 2013 2006-2010 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FEC; FEC 100 x 6 Seems to have superior OS
Campone et al. 2018 (UCBG 2-08) 2007-2010 Phase 3 (C) FEC-Ixabepilone Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60
Foukakis et al. 2016 (PANTHER) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) Dose-dense tailored chemotherapy Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

1Reported efficacy for FNCLCC PACS 01 is based on the 2012 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 4 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ellis et al. 2009 (TACT) 2001-2003 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) 1. E-CMF
2. FEC x 8 		Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Note: this is an experimental arm that did not meet its primary endpoint; included here because other variants of this regimen have demonstrated comparative superiority.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

Chemotherapy, D portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. FNCLCC PACS 01: Roché H, Fumoleau P, Spielmann M, Canon JL, Delozier T, Serin D, Symann M, Kerbrat P, Soulié P, Eichler F, Viens P, Monnier A, Vindevoghel A, Campone M, Goudier MJ, Bonneterre J, Ferrero JM, Martin AL, Genève J, Asselain B. Sequential adjuvant epirubicin-based and docetaxel chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients: the FNCLCC PACS 01 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 20;24(36):5664-71. Epub 2006 Nov 20. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Coudert B, Asselain B, Campone M, Spielmann M, Machiels JP, Pénault-Llorca F, Serin D, Lévy C, Romieu G, Canon JL, Orfeuvre H, Piot G, Petit T, Jerusalem G, Audhuy B, Veyret C, Beauduin M, Eymard JC, Martin AL, Roché H; UNICANCER Breast Group. Extended benefit from sequential administration of docetaxel after standard fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide regimen for node-positive breast cancer: the 8-year follow-up results of the UNICANCER-PACS01 trial. Oncologist. 2012;17(7):900-9. Epub 2012 May 18. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. TACT: Ellis P, Barrett-Lee P, Johnson L, Cameron D, Wardley A, O'Reilly S, Verrill M, Smith I, Yarnold J, Coleman R, Earl H, Canney P, Twelves C, Poole C, Bloomfield D, Hopwood P, Johnston S, Dowsett M, Bartlett JM, Ellis I, Peckitt C, Hall E, Bliss JM; TACT Trial Management Group; TACT Trialists. Sequential docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (TACT): an open-label, phase III, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 May 16;373(9676):1681-92. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed ISRCTN79718493
  3. Sakr H, Hamed RH, Anter AH, Yossef T. Sequential docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive or/and T3 or T4 breast cancer: clinical outcome (Mansoura University). Med Oncol. 2013 Mar;30(1):457. Epub 2013 Jan 16. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  4. PANTHER: Foukakis T, von Minckwitz G, Bengtsson NO, Brandberg Y, Wallberg B, Fornander T, Mlineritsch B, Schmatloch S, Singer CF, Steger G, Egle D, Karlsson E, Carlsson L, Loibl S, Untch M, Hellström M, Johansson H, Anderson H, Malmström P, Gnant M, Greil R, Möbus V, Bergh J; Swedish Breast Cancer Group; German Breast Group; Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Effect of tailored dose-dense chemotherapy vs standard 3-weekly adjuvant chemotherapy on recurrence-free survival among women with high-risk early breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 Nov 8;316(18):1888-1896. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  5. UCBG 2-08: Campone M, Lacroix-Triki M, Roca L, Spielmann M, Wildiers H, Cottu P, Kerbrat P, Levy C, Desmoulins I, Bachelot T, Winston T, Eymard JC, Uwer L, Duhoux FP, Verhoeven D, Jaubert D, Coeffic D, Orfeuvre H, Canon JL, Asselain B, Martin AL, Lemonnier J, Roché H. UCBG 2-08: 5-year efficacy results from the UNICANCER-PACS08 randomised phase III trial of adjuvant treatment with FEC100 and then either docetaxel or ixabepilone in patients with early-stage, poor prognosis breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2018 Nov;103:184-194. Epub 2018 Sep 26. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  6. MINDACT: Delaloge S, Piccart M, Rutgers E, Litière S, van 't Veer LJ, van den Berkmortel F, Brain E, Dudek-Peric A, Gil-Gil M, Gomez P, Hilbers FS, Khalil Z, Knox S, Kuemmel S, Kunz G, Lesur A, Pierga JY, Ravdin P, Rubio IT, Saghatchian M, Smilde TJ, Thompson AM, Viale G, Zoppoli G, Vuylsteke P, Tryfonidis K, Poncet C, Bogaerts J, Cardoso F; MINDACT investigators and the TRANSBIG Consortium. Standard Anthracycline Based Versus Docetaxel-Capecitabine in Early High Clinical and/or Genomic Risk Breast Cancer in the EORTC 10041/BIG 3-04 MINDACT Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;38(11):1186-1197. Epub 2020 Feb 21. link to original article contains dosing details in supplement link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  7. SUCCESS-A: de Gregorio A, Häberle L, Fasching PA, Müller V, Schrader I, Lorenz R, Forstbauer H, Friedl TWP, Bauer E, de Gregorio N, Deniz M, Fink V, Bekes I, Andergassen U, Schneeweiss A, Tesch H, Mahner S, Brucker SY, Blohmer JU, Fehm TN, Heinrich G, Lato K, Beckmann MW, Rack B, Janni W. Gemcitabine as adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-risk early breast cancer-results from the randomized phase III SUCCESS-A trial. Breast Cancer Res. 2020 Oct 23;22(1):111. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

ddFEC-ddD

ddFEC-D: dose-dense Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide followed by dose-dense Docetaxel

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Saloustros et al. 2014 (HORG CT/04.22) 2004-2007 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) ddFEC-T Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS36
Mavroudis et al. 2016 (HORG CT/07.17) 2007-2013 Phase 3 (C) TC Inconclusive whether non-inferior DFS36

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, ddFEC portion

Chemotherapy, ddD portion

Supportive therapy

  • G-CSF support (drug/dose/schedule not specified)

14-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. HORG CT/04.22: Saloustros E, Malamos N, Boukovinas I, Kakolyris S, Kouroussis C, Athanasiadis A, Ziras N, Kentepozidis N, Makrantonakis P, Polyzos A, Christophyllakis C, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D. Dose-dense paclitaxel versus docetaxel following FEC as adjuvant chemotherapy in axillary node-positive early breast cancer: a multicenter randomized study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Dec;148(3):591-7. Epub 2014 Nov 16. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  2. HORG CT/07.17: Mavroudis D, Matikas A, Malamos N, Papakotoulas P, Kakolyris S, Boukovinas I, Athanasiadis A, Kentepozidis N, Ziras N, Katsaounis P, Saloustros E, Georgoulias V; HORG. Dose-dense FEC followed by docetaxel versus docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy in women with HER2-negative, axillary lymph node-positive early breast cancer: a multicenter randomized study by the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Ann Oncol. 2016 Oct;27(10):1873-8. Epub 2016 Aug 8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

FEC-P

FEC-P: Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide followed by Paclitaxel
FEC-T: Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Martín et al. 2008 (GEICAM 9906) 1999-2002 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FEC x 6 Superior DFS
DFS60: 78.5% vs 72.1%
(HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.95)

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

Chemotherapy, T portion

21-day cycle for 4 cycles, then 7-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. GEICAM 9906: Martín M, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Ruiz A, Alba E, Calvo L, Ruiz-Borrego M, Munárriz B, Rodríguez CA, Crespo C, de Alava E, López García-Asenjo JA, Guitián MD, Almenar S, González-Palacios JF, Vera F, Palacios J, Ramos M, Gracia Marco JM, Lluch A, Alvarez I, Seguí MA, Mayordomo JI, Antón A, Baena JM, Plazaola A, Modolell A, Pelegrí A, Mel JR, Aranda E, Adrover E, Alvarez JV, García Puche JL, Sánchez-Rovira P, Gonzalez S, López-Vega JM; GEICAM. Randomized phase 3 trial of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide alone or followed by paclitaxel for early breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Jun 4;100(11):805-14. Epub 2008 May 27. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  2. GIM2: Del Mastro L, De Placido S, Bruzzi P, De Laurentiis M, Boni C, Cavazzini G, Durando A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Valle E, Garrone O, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Barni S, Ardizzoni A, Gamucci T, Colantuoni G, Giuliano M, Gravina A, Papaldo P, Bighin C, Bisagni G, Forestieri V, Cognetti F; GIM. Fluorouracil and dose-dense chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer: an open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015 May 9;385(9980):1863-72. Epub 2015 Mar 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Del Mastro L, Poggio F, Blondeaux E, De Placido S, Giuliano M, Forestieri V, De Laurentiis M, Gravina A, Bisagni G, Rimanti A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Vaccaro A, Cognetti F, Fabi A, Gasparro S, Garrone O, Alicicco MG, Urracci Y, Mansutti M, Poletti P, Correale P, Bighin C, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Colantuoni G, Lambertini M, Boni L; Gruppo Italiano Mammella Investigators. Fluorouracil and dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer (GIM2): end-of-study results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Dec;23(12):1571-1582. Epub 2022 Nov 10. link to original article PubMed

T-FEC

T-FEC: Taxol (Paclitaxel), followed by Epirubicin & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kelly et al. 2012 (MDACC ID01-580) 2002-2008 Phase 3 (C) TX-FEC Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, T portion

Chemotherapy, FEC portion

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. MDACC ID01-580: Kelly CM, Green MC, Broglio K, Thomas ES, Brewster AM, Valero V, Ibrahim NK, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Booser DJ, Walters RS, Hunt KK, Hortobagyi GN, Buzdar AU. Phase III trial evaluating weekly paclitaxel versus docetaxel in combination with capecitabine in operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar 20;30(9):930-5. Epub 2012 Feb 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

TX-CEX

TX-CEX: Taxotere (Docetaxel) & Xeloda (Capecitabine) followed by Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, Xeloda (Capecitabine)

Protocol

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Joensuu et al. 2009 (FinXX) 2004-2007 Phase 3 (E-esc) D-FEC Seems to have superior OS1
OS180: 77.6% vs 73.3%
(HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99)

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2022 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, TX portion

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Chemotherapy, CEX portion

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

  1. FinXX: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Tanner M, Asola R, Kokko R, Ahlgren J, Auvinen P, Hemminki A, Paija O, Helle L, Nuortio L, Villman K, Nilsson G, Lahtela SL, Lehtiö K, Pajunen M, Poikonen P, Nyandoto P, Kataja V, Bono P, Leinonen M, Lindman H; FinXX Study Investigators. Adjuvant capecitabine in combination with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide plus epirubicin for breast cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Dec;10(12):1145-51. Epub 2009 Nov 10. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Tanner M, Kokko R, Ahlgren J, Auvinen P, Paija O, Helle L, Villman K, Nyandoto P, Nilsson G, Pajunen M, Asola R, Poikonen P, Leinonen M, Kataja V, Bono P, Lindman H. Adjuvant capecitabine, docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, and epirubicin for early breast cancer: final analysis of the randomized FinXX trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jan 1;30(1):11-8. Epub 2011 Nov 21. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, Jukkola A, Tanner M, Ahlgren J, Auvinen P, Lahdenperä O, Villman K, Nyandoto P, Nilsson G, Poikonen-Saksela P, Kataja V, Bono P, Junnila J, Lindman H. Adjuvant Capecitabine for Early Breast Cancer: 15-Year Overall Survival Results From a Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Apr 1;40(10):1051-1058. Epub 2022 Jan 12. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Bevacizumab monotherapy

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bear et al. 2012 (NSABP B-40) 2007-2010 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link

Preceding treatment

Targeted therapy

21-day cycle for 10 cycles

References

  1. NSABP B-40: Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE Jr, Robidoux A, Atkins JN, Baez-Diaz L, Brufsky AM, Mehta RS, Fehrenbacher L, Young JA, Senecal FM, Gaur R, Margolese RG, Adams PT, Gross HM, Costantino JP, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 26;366(4):310-20. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE Jr, Liu Q, Robidoux A, Baez-Diaz L, Brufsky AM, Mehta RS, Fehrenbacher L, Young JA, Senecal FM, Gaur R, Margolese RG, Adams PT, Gross HM, Costantino JP, Paik S, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Neoadjuvant plus adjuvant bevacizumab in early breast cancer (NSABP B-40 [NRG Oncology]): secondary outcomes of a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Sep;16(9):1037-1048. Epub 2015 Aug 10. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):e589. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Capecitabine monotherapy

Regimen variant #1, 4 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Cameron et al. 2017 (TACT2) 2005-2008 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) See link See link

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 6 to 8 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Muss et al. 2009 (CALGB 49907) 2001-2006 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) Investigator's choice of:
1a. AC x 4
1b. CMF x 6 		Seems to have inferior RFS1
Masuda et al. 2017 (CREATE-X) 2007-2012 Phase 3 (E-esc) Standard therapy Superior OS
OS60: 89.2% vs 83.6%
(HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39-0.90)

1Reported efficacy for CALGB 49907 is based on the 2019 update.
Note: patients in CALGB 49907 received a maximum of 6 cycles. All patients in CREATE-X had residual disease at time of surgical resection. Concomitant endocrine therapy was allowed.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 to 8 cycles

References

  1. CALGB 49907: Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Theodoulou M, Mauer AM, Kornblith AB, Partridge AH, Dressler LG, Cohen HJ, Becker HP, Kartcheske PA, Wheeler JD, Perez EA, Wolff AC, Gralow JR, Burstein HJ, Mahmood AA, Magrinat G, Parker BA, Hart RD, Grenier D, Norton L, Hudis CA, Winer EP; CALGB. Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 14;360(20):2055-65. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1714. Magrinat, Gutav [corrected to Magrinat, Gustav]. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Muss HB, Polley MC, Berry DA, Liu H, Cirrincione CT, Theodoulou M, Mauer AM, Kornblith AB, Partridge AH, Dressler LG, Cohen HJ, Kartcheske PA, Perez EA, Wolff AC, Gralow JR, Burstein HJ, Mahmood AA, Sutton LM, Magrinat G, Parker BA, Hart RD, Grenier D, Hurria A, Jatoi A, Norton L, Hudis CA, Winer EP, Carey L. Randomized Trial of Standard Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens Versus Capecitabine in Older Women With Early Breast Cancer: 10-Year Update of the CALGB 49907 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Sep 10;37(26):2338-2348. Epub 2019 Jul 24. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. CREATE-X: Masuda N, Lee SJ, Ohtani S, Im YH, Lee ES, Yokota I, Kuroi K, Im SA, Park BW, Kim SB, Yanagita Y, Ohno S, Takao S, Aogi K, Iwata H, Jeong J, Kim A, Park KH, Sasano H, Ohashi Y, Toi M. Adjuvant capecitabine for breast cancer after preoperative chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 1;376(22):2147-2159. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed UMIN000000843
  3. TACT2: Cameron D, Morden JP, Canney P, Velikova G, Coleman R, Bartlett J, Agrawal R, Banerji J, Bertelli G, Bloomfield D, Brunt AM, Earl H, Ellis P, Gaunt C, Gillman A, Hearfield N, Laing R, Murray N, Couper N, Stein RC, Verrill M, Wardley A, Barrett-Lee P, Bliss JM; TACT2 Investigators. Accelerated versus standard epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil or capecitabine as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in the randomised UK TACT2 trial (CRUK/05/19): a multicentre, phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Jul;18(7):929-945. Epub 2017 Jun 7. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

CMF

CMF: Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil

Regimen variant #1, 600/40/600 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ron et al. 2001 1988-1992 Phase 3 (C) CNF Seems to have inferior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 600/40/600 x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Buzzoni et al. 1991 (Milan trial) 1982-1987 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) See link See link
Overgaard et al. 1997 (DBCG 82b) 1982-1989 Phase 3 (E-switch-ooc) See link See link

Note: in DBCG 82b, radiotherapy was given between cycles 1 & 2

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #3, 600/50/600 x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Leonard et al. 2004 1995-1999 Phase 3 (C) Cyclophosphamide & Thiotepa with auto HSCT Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #4, 700/30/700 x 24

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Clahsen et al. 1995 (EORTC 09771) 1976-1980 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Seems to have superior OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

1-month cycle for 24 cycles


Regimen variant #5, 750/50/600 x 6-8 ("Scottish Breast Group schedule")

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Stewart et al. 1993 1980-1990 Phase 3 (C) 1. CMFP
2. Oophorectomy
3. Oophorectomy & Prednisolone 		Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS
Poole et al. 2006 (BR9601) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (C) E-CMF x 4+4 Inferior OS
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 to 8 cycles


Regimen variant #6, 840/50/800

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Hubay et al. 1980 NR Randomized (C) 1. CMFT Seems to have inferior RFS
2. CMFT & BCG Did not meet endpoints of RFS/OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 12 cycles


Regimen variant #7, 1000/80/1000 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kimura et al. 2009 1996-2000 Phase 3 (C) FEC Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #8, 1000/80/1200 x 3

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Zander et al. 2004 1993-2000 Phase 3 (C) Cyclophosphamide, Mitoxantrone, Thiotepa with auto HSCT Might have inferior EFS

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 3 cycles


Regimen variant #9, 1000/80/1200 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Jonat et al. 2002 (ZEBRA) 1990-1996 Phase 3 (C) Goserelin x 2 y Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Schmid et al. 2007 (TABLE) 1995-1998 Phase 3 (C) Leuprolide Inferior OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #10, 1120/60/1000 x 12

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Brincker et al. 1983 (DBCG 77B) 1977-1983 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. Cyclophosphamide Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
2. Levamisole Not reported
3. No chemotherapy Seems to have superior OS1

1Reported efficacy versus no chemotherapy is based on the 2010 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

1-month cycle for 12 cycles


Regimen variant #11, 1120/64/960 x 12

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Howell et al. 1984 1976-1983 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Superior RFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 12 cycles


Regimen variant #12, 1200/80/1200 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gianni et al. 2009 (ECTO) 1996-2002 Phase 3 (C) See link See link
Perrone et al. 2014 (ELDA) 2003-2011 Phase 3 (C) Docetaxel Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment. In ELDA, this protocol was for ER/PR+ patients.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #13, 1200/80/1200 x 6 ("Classical" IV)

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ragaz et al. 1997 1978-1986 Phase 3 (C) CMF & RT Seems to have inferior OS
Coombes et al. 1996 1984-1992 Phase 3 (C) FEC Did not meet primary endpoints of RFS/OS
Taucher et al. 2007 (ABCSG-07) 1991-1999 Phase 3 (C) CMF; neoadjuvant Seems to have superior RFS
Poole et al. 2006 (NEAT) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (C) E-CMF x 4+4 Inferior OS
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS
Perrone et al. 2014 (ELDA) 2003-2011 Phase 3 (C) Docetaxel Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Note: In ELDA, this protocol was for ER/PR- patients.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #14, 1400/60/1200 x 12

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Rubens et al. 1989 (EORTC 10792) 1979-1985 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. Observation Did not meet endpoint of OS
2. Tamoxifen
3. CMFT 		Not reported

Note: this trial had a complex efficacy analysis; see paper for details.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 12 cycles


Regimen variant #15, 1400/80/1000 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Watanabe et al. 2009 (NSAS BC-01) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (C) UFT Inconclusive whether non-inferior RFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #16, 1400/80/1200 x 3

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Castiglione-Gertsch et al. 1996 (IBCSG VI) 1986-1993 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. CMF x 6 Seems to have inferior DFS
2. CMF x 3, with re-introduction
3. CMF x 6, with re-introduction 		Might have inferior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #18, 1400/80/1200 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Tancini et al. 1979 (CALGB 7581) 1975-NR Phase 3 (E-de-esc) CMF x 12 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Coombes et al. 1996 1984-1992 Phase 3 (C) FEC Did not meet primary endpoints of RFS/OS
Castiglione-Gertsch et al. 1996 (IBCSG VI) 1986-1993 Phase 3 (C) 1. CMF x 3 Seems to have superior DFS
2. CMF x 3, with re-introduction
3. CMF x 6, with re-introduction 		Might have inferior DFS
Piccart et al. 2001 (Belgian trial) 1988-1996 Phase 3 (C) 1. EC; full-dose Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS
2. EC; moderate-dose Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS
Levine et al. 1998 (NCIC-CTG MA.5) 1989-1993 Phase 3 (C) CEF Inferior RFS
Amadori et al. 2000 1989-1993 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Seems to have superior DFS
Hutchins et al. 2005 (INT-0102) 1989-1993 Phase 3 (C) CAF Seems to have inferior OS
Jonat et al. 2002 (ZEBRA) 1990-1996 Phase 3 (C) Goserelin x 2 y Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Fisher et al. 2001 (NSABP B-23) 1991-1998 Phase 3 (C) AC Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials Collaborative Group 2007 (NCRI ABC-CT) 1992-2000 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Seems to have superior OS
(aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.99)
Poole et al. 2006 (NEAT) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (C) E-CMF x 4+4 Inferior OS
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS
Muss et al. 2009 (CALGB 49907) 2001-2006 Phase 3 (C) Capecitabine Seems to have superior OS1
RFS120: 56% vs 50%
(HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.62-0.98)

1Reported efficacy for CALGB 49907 is based on the 2019 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #19, 1400/80/1200 x 12

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bonadonna et al. 1976 1973-1975 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Superior RFS
Tancini et al. 1979 (CALGB 7581) 1975-NR Phase 3 (C) CMF x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Misset et al. 1996 (OncoFrance) 1978-1981 Phase 3 (C) AVCF Inferior OS
Tormey et al. 1990 (ECOG E5177) 1978-1982 Phase 3 (C) 1. CMFP
2. CMFPT 		Did not meet primary endpoints of TTR/OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 12 cycles

References

  1. Bonadonna G, Brusamolino E, Valagussa P, Rossi A, Brugnatelli L, Brambilla C, De Lena M, Tancini G, Bajetta E, Musumeci R, Veronesi U. Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1976 Feb 19;294(8):405-10. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Bonadonna G, Rossi A, Valagussa P, Banfi A, Veronesi U. The CMF program for operable breast cancer with positive axillary nodes: updated analysis on the disease-free interval, site of relapse and drug tolerance. Cancer. 1977 Jun;39(6 Suppl):2904-15. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Rossi A, Tancini G, Brambilla C, Zambetti M, Veronesi U. Ten-year experience with CMF-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1985;5(2):95-115. link to original article PubMed
    3. Update: Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Moliterni A, Zambetti M, Brambilla C. Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer: the results of 20 years of follow-up. N Engl J Med. 1995 Apr 6;332(14):901-6. link to original article PubMed
  2. CALGB 7581: Tancini G, Bajetta E, Marchini S, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G, Veronesi U. Preliminary 3-year results of 12 versus 6 cycles of surgical adjuvant CMF in premenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Clin Trials. 1979 Winter;2(4):285-92. PubMed
    1. Update: Tancini G, Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Marchini S, Veronesi U. Adjuvant CMF in breast cancer: comparative 5-year results of 12 versus 6 cycles. J Clin Oncol. 1983 Jan;1(1):2-10. link to original article PubMed
  3. Hubay CA, Pearson OH, Marshall JS, Rhodes RS, Debanne SM, Mansour EG, Hermann RE, Jones JC, Flynn WJ, Eckert C, McGuire WL. Antiestrogen, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination in stage II breast cancer: a preliminary report. Surgery. 1980 May;87(5):494-501. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Hubay CA, Pearson OH, Marshall JS, Rhodes RS, DeBanne SM, Rosenblatt J, Mansour EG, Hermann RE, Jones JC, Flynn WJ, Eckert C, McGuire WL. Adjuvant chemotherapy, antiestrogen therapy and immunotherapy for stage II breast cancer: 45-month follow-up of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Cancer. 1980 Dec 15;46(12 Suppl):2805-8. link to original article PubMed
  4. DBCG 77B: Brincker H, Mouridsen HT, Andersen KW. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide or CMF in premenopausal women with stage II breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1983;3(1):91-5. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Ejlertsen B, Mouridsen HT, Jensen MB, Andersen J, Andersson M, Kamby C, Knoop AS; Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil; oral cyclophosphamide; levamisole; or no adjuvant therapy for patients with high-risk, premenopausal breast cancer. Cancer. 2010 May 1;116(9):2081-9. link to original article PubMed
  5. Howell A, Bush H, George WD, Howat JM, Crowther D, Sellwood RA, Rubens RD, Hayward JL, Bulbrook RD, Fentiman IS, Chaudary M. Controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil for breast cancer. Lancet. 1984 Aug 11;2(8398):307-11. link to original article PubMed
  6. ECOG E5177: Tormey DC, Gray R, Gilchrist K, Grage T, Carbone PP, Wolter J, Woll JE, Cummings FJ. Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP) or CMFP plus tamoxifen compared with CMF for premenopausal breast cancer patients: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. Cancer. 1990 Jan 15;65(2):200-6. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  7. Milan trial: Buzzoni R, Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Zambetti M. Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in the treatment of resectable breast cancer with more than three positive axillary nodes. J Clin Oncol. 1991 Dec;9(12):2134-40. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Bonadonna G, Zambetti M, Valagussa P. Sequential or alternating doxorubicin and CMF regimens in breast cancer with more than three positive nodes: ten-year results. JAMA. 1995 Feb 15;273(7):542-7. link to original article PubMed
  8. Stewart HJ, Forrest APM, Hawkins RA, Prescott RJ, Smith DC, Everington D, Richards MA, George WD; Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group and ICRF Breast Unit Guy's Hospital London. Adjuvant ovarian ablation versus CMF chemotherapy in premenopausal women with pathological stage II breast carcinoma: the Scottish trial. Lancet. 1993 May 22;341(8856):1293-8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  9. EORTC 09771: Clahsen PC, van de Velde CJ, Welvaart K, Repelaer van Driel OJ, Sylvester RJ; Cooperating Investigators. Ten-year results of a randomized trial evaluating prolonged low-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer: a joint European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Dutch Breast Cancer Working Party Study. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Jan;13(1):33-41. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  10. Coombes RC, Bliss JM, Wils J, Morvan F, Espié M, Amadori D, Gambrosier P, Richards M, Aapro M, Villar-Grimalt A, McArdle C, Pérez-López FR, Vassilopoulos P, Ferreira EP, Chilvers CE, Coombes G, Woods EM, Marty M; International Collaborative Cancer Group. Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in premenopausal women with axillary node-positive operable breast cancer: results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Jan;14(1):35-45. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  11. OncoFrance: Misset JL, di Palma M, Delgado M, Plagne R, Chollet P, Fumoleau P, Le Mevel B, Belpomme D, Guerrin J, Fargeot P, Metz R, Ithzaki M, Hill C, Mathé G. Adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, and vincristine versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: final report after a 16-year median follow-up duration. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Apr;14(4):1136-45. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  12. IBCSG VI: Castiglione-Gertsch M, Goldhirsch A; International Breast Cancer Study Group. Duration and reintroduction of adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive premenopausal breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Jun;14(6):1885-94. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Pooled QoL analysis: Hürny C, Bernhard J, Coates AS, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Peterson HF, Gelber RD, Forbes JF, Rudenstam CM, Simoncini E, Crivellari D, Goldhirsch A, Senn HJ; International Breast Cancer Study Group. Impact of adjuvant therapy on quality of life in women with node-positive operable breast cancer. Lancet. 1996 May 11;347(9011):1279-84. Erratum in: Lancet 1997 Jul 26;350(9073):298. link to original article PubMed
  13. EORTC 10792: Rubens RD, Bartelink H, Engelsman E, Hayward JL, Rotmensz N, Sylvester R, van der Schueren E, Papadiamantis J, Vassilaros SD, Wildiers J, Winter PJ. Locally advanced breast cancer: the contribution of cytotoxic and endocrine treatment to radiotherapy - an EORTC Breast Cancer Co-operative Group Trial (10792). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1989 Apr;25(4):667-78. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Bartelink H, Rubens RD, van der Schueren E, Sylvester R. Hormonal therapy prolongs survival in irradiated locally advanced breast cancer: a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Randomized Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Jan;15(1):207-15. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  14. DBCG 82b: Overgaard M, Hansen PS, Overgaard J, Rose C, Andersson M, Bach F, Kjaer M, Gadeberg CC, Mouridsen HT, Jensen MB, Zedeler K. Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b trial. N Engl J Med. 1997 Oct 2;337(14):949-55. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  15. Ragaz J, Jackson SM, Le N, Plenderleith IH, Spinelli JJ, Basco VE, Wilson KS, Knowling MA, Coppin CM, Paradis M, Coldman AJ, Olivotto IA. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in node-positive premenopausal women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1997 Oct 2;337(14):956-62. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  16. Review: Goldhirsch A, Colleoni M, Coates AS, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Gelber RD; International Breast Cancer Study Group. Adding adjuvant CMF chemotherapy to either radiotherapy or tamoxifen: are all CMFs alike?. Ann Oncol. 1998 May;9(5):489-93. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  17. NCIC-CTG MA.5: Levine MN, Bramwell VH, Pritchard KI, Norris BD, Shepherd LE, Abu-Zahra H, Findlay B, Warr D, Bowman D, Myles J, Arnold A, Vandenberg T, MacKenzie R, Robert J, Ottaway J, Burnell M, Williams CK, Tu D; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Randomized trial of intensive cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2651-8. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Levine MN, Pritchard KI, Bramwell VH, Shepherd LE, Tu D, Paul N; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Randomized trial comparing cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer: update of National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Trial MA5. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 1;23(22):5166-70. link to original article PubMed
    2. Subgroup analysis: Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O'Malley FP, Andrulis IL, Tu D, Bramwell VH, Levine MN; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 18;354(20):2103-11. link to original article PubMed
  18. Amadori D, Nanni O, Marangolo M, Pacini P, Ravaioli A, Rossi A, Gambi A, Catalano G, Perroni D, Scarpi E, Giunchi DC, Tienghi A, Becciolini A, Volpi A. Disease-free survival advantage of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in patients with node-negative, rapidly proliferating breast cancer: a randomized multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Sep;18(17):3125-34. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Amadori D, Nanni O, Volpi A, Casadei Giunchi D, Marangolo M, Livi L, Ravaioli A, Rossi AP, Gambi A, Luzi Fedeli S, Perroni D, Scarpi E, Becciolini A, Silvestrini R. Phase III randomized multicenter study on the effects of adjuvant CMF in patients with node-negative, rapidly proliferating breast cancer: twelve-year results and retrospective subgroup analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Mar;108(2):259-64. Epub 2007 May 26. link to original article PubMed
  19. NSABP B-23: Fisher B, Anderson S, Tan-Chiu E, Wolmark N, Wickerham DL, Fisher ER, Dimitrov NV, Atkins JN, Abramson N, Merajver S, Romond EH, Kardinal CG, Shibata HR, Margolese RG, Farrar WB. Tamoxifen and chemotherapy for axillary node-negative, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-23. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 15;19(4):931-42. link to original article PubMed
  20. Belgian trial: Piccart MJ, Di Leo A, Beauduin M, Vindevoghel A, Michel J, Focan C, Tagnon A, Ries F, Gobert P, Finet C, Closon-Dejardin MT, Dufrane JP, Kerger J, Liebens F, Beauvois S, Bartholomeus S, Dolci S, Lobelle JP, Paesmans M, Nogaret JM. Phase III trial comparing two dose levels of epirubicin combined with cyclophosphamide with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Jun 15;19(12):3103-10. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: de Azambuja E, Paesmans M, Beauduin M, Vindevoghel A, Cornez N, Finet C, Ries F, Closon-Dejardin MT, Kerger J, Gobert P, Focan C, Tagnon A, Dolci S, Nogaret JM, di Leo A, Piccart-Gebhart MJ. Long-term benefit of high-dose epirubicin in adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: 15-year efficacy results of the Belgian multicentre study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Feb 10;27(5):720-5. Epub 2008 Dec 22. link to original article PubMed
  21. Ron IG, Wigler N, Borovik R, Brufman G, Rizel S, Shani A, Brenner J, Farbstein H, Dale A, Inbar MJ, Brenner HJ, Chaitchik S, Catane R. CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) versus CNF (cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil) as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II lymph-node positive breast cancer: a phase III randomized multicenter study. Am J Clin Oncol. 2001 Aug;24(4):323-7. link to original article PubMed
  22. ZEBRA: Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Sauerbrei W, Blamey R, Cuzick J, Namer M, Fogelman I, de Haes JC, de Matteis A, Stewart A, Eiermann W, Szakolczai I, Palmer M, Schumacher M, Geberth M, Lisboa B; Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association Study. Goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: the Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association study. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Dec 15;20(24):4628-35. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  23. Zander AR, Kröger N, Schmoor C, Krüger W, Möbus V, Frickhofen N, Metzner B, Schultze W, Berdel WE, Koenigsmann M, Thiel E, Wandt H, Possinger K, Trümper L, Kreienberg R, Carstensen M, Schmidt EH, Jänicke F, Schumacher M, Jonat W. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support compared with standard-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes: first results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 15;22(12):2273-83. Epub 2004 Apr 26. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  24. Leonard RC, Lind M, Twelves C, Coleman R, van Belle S, Wilson C, Ledermann J, Kennedy I, Barrett-Lee P, Perren T, Verrill M, Cameron D, Foster E, Yellowlees A, Crown J; Anglo-Celtic Cooperative Oncology Group. Conventional adjuvant chemotherapy versus single-cycle, autograft-supported, high-dose, late-intensification chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients: a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Jul 21;96(14):1076-83. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  25. INT-0102: Hutchins LF, Green SJ, Ravdin PM, Lew D, Martino S, Abeloff M, Lyss AP, Allred C, Rivkin SE, Osborne CK. Randomized, controlled trial of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil with and without tamoxifen for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer: treatment results of intergroup protocol INT-0102. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8313-21. link to original article PubMed
  26. NEAT: Poole CJ, Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Bathers S, Grieve RJ, Spooner DA, Agrawal RK, Fernando IN, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, Harvey P, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 2;355(18):1851-62. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Vallier AL, Bowden SJ, Jordan SD, Blows F, Munro A, Bathers S, Grieve R, Spooner DA, Agrawal R, Fernando I, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ, Cameron D, Bartlett JM, Pharoah P, Provenzano E, Caldas C, Poole CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Adjuvant epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) vs CMF in early breast cancer: results with over 7 years median follow-up from the randomised phase III NEAT/BR9601 trials. Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 9;107(8):1257-67. Epub 2012 Sep 11. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  27. BR9601: Poole CJ, Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Bathers S, Grieve RJ, Spooner DA, Agrawal RK, Fernando IN, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, Harvey P, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 2;355(18):1851-62. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Vallier AL, Bowden SJ, Jordan SD, Blows F, Munro A, Bathers S, Grieve R, Spooner DA, Agrawal R, Fernando I, Brunt AM, O'Reilly SM, Crawford SM, Rea DW, Simmonds P, Mansi JL, Stanley A, McAdam K, Foster L, Leonard RC, Twelves CJ, Cameron D, Bartlett JM, Pharoah P, Provenzano E, Caldas C, Poole CJ; NEAT Investigators and the SCTBG. Adjuvant epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) vs CMF in early breast cancer: results with over 7 years median follow-up from the randomised phase III NEAT/BR9601 trials. Br J Cancer. 2012 Oct 9;107(8):1257-67. Epub 2012 Sep 11. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  28. DBCG 89D: Ejlertsen B, Mouridsen HT, Jensen MB, Andersen J, Cold S, Edlund P, Ewertz M, Jensen BB, Kamby C, Nordenskjold B, Bergh J. Improved outcome from substituting methotrexate with epirubicin: results from a randomised comparison of CMF versus CEF in patients with primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2007 Mar;43(5):877-84. Epub 2007 Feb 16. link to original article PubMed
  29. NCRI ABC-CT: Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials Collaborative Group. Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: results from the international adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Apr 4;99(7):506-15. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  30. TABLE: Schmid P, Untch M, Kossé V, Bondar G, Vassiljev L, Tarutinov V, Lehmann U, Maubach L, Meurer J, Wallwiener D, Possinger K. Leuprorelin acetate every-3-months depot versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: the TABLE study. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jun 20;25(18):2509-15. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  31. ABCSG-07: Taucher S, Steger GG, Jakesz R, Tausch C, Wette V, Schippinger W, Kwasny W, Reiner G, Greil R, Dubsky P, Poestlberger S, Tschmelitsch J, Samonigg H, Gnant M; ABCSG. The potential risk of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients--results from a prospective randomized trial of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG-07). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Nov;112(2):309-16. Epub 2007 Dec 14. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  32. NSAS BC-01: Watanabe T, Sano M, Takashima S, Kitaya T, Tokuda Y, Yoshimoto M, Kohno N, Nakagami K, Iwata H, Shimozuma K, Sonoo H, Tsuda H, Sakamoto G, Ohashi Y. Oral uracil and tegafur compared with classic cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil as postoperative chemotherapy in patients with node-negative, high-risk breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Study for Breast Cancer 01 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 20;27(9):1368-74. Epub 2009 Feb 9. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  33. ECTO: Gianni L, Baselga J, Eiermann W, Porta VG, Semiglazov V, Lluch A, Zambetti M, Sabadell D, Raab G, Cussac AL, Bozhok A, Martinez-Agulló A, Greco M, Byakhov M, Lopez JJ, Mansutti M, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Phase III trial evaluating the addition of paclitaxel to doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil, as adjuvant or primary systemic therapy: European Cooperative Trial in Operable Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 20;27(15):2474-81. Epub 2009 Mar 30. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  34. TACT: Ellis P, Barrett-Lee P, Johnson L, Cameron D, Wardley A, O'Reilly S, Verrill M, Smith I, Yarnold J, Coleman R, Earl H, Canney P, Twelves C, Poole C, Bloomfield D, Hopwood P, Johnston S, Dowsett M, Bartlett JM, Ellis I, Peckitt C, Hall E, Bliss JM; TACT Trial Management Group; TACT Trialists. Sequential docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (TACT): an open-label, phase III, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 May 16;373(9676):1681-92. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed ISRCTN79718493
  35. CALGB 49907: Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Theodoulou M, Mauer AM, Kornblith AB, Partridge AH, Dressler LG, Cohen HJ, Becker HP, Kartcheske PA, Wheeler JD, Perez EA, Wolff AC, Gralow JR, Burstein HJ, Mahmood AA, Magrinat G, Parker BA, Hart RD, Grenier D, Norton L, Hudis CA, Winer EP; CALGB. Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 14;360(20):2055-65. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1714. Magrinat, Gutav [corrected to Magrinat, Gustav]. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Muss HB, Polley MC, Berry DA, Liu H, Cirrincione CT, Theodoulou M, Mauer AM, Kornblith AB, Partridge AH, Dressler LG, Cohen HJ, Kartcheske PA, Perez EA, Wolff AC, Gralow JR, Burstein HJ, Mahmood AA, Sutton LM, Magrinat G, Parker BA, Hart RD, Grenier D, Hurria A, Jatoi A, Norton L, Hudis CA, Winer EP, Carey L. Randomized Trial of Standard Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens Versus Capecitabine in Older Women With Early Breast Cancer: 10-Year Update of the CALGB 49907 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Sep 10;37(26):2338-2348. Epub 2019 Jul 24. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  36. Kimura M, Tominaga T, Takatsuka Y, Toi M, Abe R, Koyama H, Takashima S, Nomura Y, Miura S, Kimijima I, Tashiro H, Ohashi Y; Adjuvant CEF Research Group for Breast Cancer. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil with node-positive breast cancer in Japan. Breast Cancer. 2010 Jul;17(3):190-8. Epub 2009 Jul 3. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  37. ELDA: Perrone F, Nuzzo F, Di Rella F, Gravina A, Iodice G, Labonia V, Landi G, Pacilio C, Rossi E, De Laurentiis M, D'Aiuto M, Botti G, Forestieri V, Lauria R, De Placido S, Tinessa V, Daniele B, Gori S, Colantuoni G, Barni S, Riccardi F, De Maio E, Montanino A, Morabito A, Daniele G, Di Maio M, Piccirillo MC, Signoriello S, Gallo C, de Matteis A. Weekly docetaxel versus CMF as adjuvant chemotherapy for older women with early breast cancer: final results of the randomized phase III ELDA trial. Ann Oncol. 2015 Apr;26(4):675-82. Epub 2014 Dec 8. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  38. SECRAB: Fernando IN, Bowden SJ, Herring K, Brookes CL, Ahmed I, Marshall A, Grieve R, Churn M, Spooner D, Latief TN, Agrawal RK, Brunt AM, Stevens A, Goodman A, Canney P, Bishop J, Ritchie D, Dunn J, Poole CJ, Rea DW; SECRAB Investigators. Synchronous versus sequential chemo-radiotherapy in patients with early stage breast cancer (SECRAB): A randomised, phase III, trial. Radiother Oncol. 2020 Jan;142:52-61. Epub 2019 Nov 27. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

CMFT

CMFT: Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, Tamoxifen

Regimen variant #1, 600/40/600 x 9, 30 x 12 mo

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Overgaard et al. 1999 (DBCG 82C) 1982-1990 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. Tamoxifen Superior DFS1
2. Tamoxifen & RT Not reported

1Reported efficacy for this arm versus tamoxifen monotherapy is based on the 2013 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy

28-day cycle for 13 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 780/80/1000 x 6, 20 x 2 yr

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Park et al. 2009 (Taiho 91023033) 1996-2000 Phase 3 (C) UFT & Tamoxifen Non-inferior RFS60

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy

28-day cycle for 26 cycles


Regimen variant #3, 840/50/800/40 x 12

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Hubay et al. 1980 NR Randomized (E-RT-esc) 1. CMF Seems to have superior RFS
2. CMFT & BCG Did not meet endpoints of RFS/OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy

28-day cycle for 12 cycles

References

  1. Hubay CA, Pearson OH, Marshall JS, Rhodes RS, Debanne SM, Mansour EG, Hermann RE, Jones JC, Flynn WJ, Eckert C, McGuire WL. Antiestrogen, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination in stage II breast cancer: a preliminary report. Surgery. 1980 May;87(5):494-501. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Hubay CA, Pearson OH, Marshall JS, Rhodes RS, DeBanne SM, Rosenblatt J, Mansour EG, Hermann RE, Jones JC, Flynn WJ, Eckert C, McGuire WL. Adjuvant chemotherapy, antiestrogen therapy and immunotherapy for stage II breast cancer: 45-month follow-up of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Cancer. 1980 Dec 15;46(12 Suppl):2805-8. link to original article PubMed
  2. NCIC-CTG MA.4: Pritchard KI, Paterson AH, Paul NA, Zee B, Fine S, Pater J; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Increased thromboembolic complications with concurrent tamoxifen and chemotherapy in a randomized trial of adjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Oct;14(10):2731-7. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Pritchard KI, Paterson AH, Fine S, Paul NA, Zee B, Shepherd LE, Abu-Zahra H, Ragaz J, Knowling M, Levine MN, Verma S, Perrault D, Walde PL, Bramwell VH, Poljicak M, Boyd N, Warr D, Norris BD, Bowman D, Armitage GR, Weizel H, Buckman RA; NCIC-CTG. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil chemotherapy added to tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with node-positive estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer: a report of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Jun;15(6):2302-11. link to original article PubMed
  3. NSABP B-20: Fisher B, Dignam J, Wolmark N, DeCillis A, Emir B, Wickerham DL, Bryant J, Dimitrov NV, Abramson N, Atkins JN, Shibata H, Deschenes L, Margolese RG. Tamoxifen and chemotherapy for lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Nov 19;89(22):1673-82. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Pooled update: Fisher B, Jeong JH, Bryant J, Anderson S, Dignam J, Fisher ER, Wolmark N; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomised clinical trials. Treatment of lymph-node-negative, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer: long-term findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2004 Sep 4-10;364(9437):858-68. link to original article PubMed
    2. Pooled update: Taghian AG, Jeong JH, Mamounas EP, Parda DS, Deutsch M, Costantino JP, Wolmark N. Low locoregional recurrence rate among node-negative breast cancer patients with tumors 5 cm or larger treated by mastectomy, with or without adjuvant systemic therapy and without radiotherapy: results from five national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Aug 20;24(24):3927-32. link to original article PubMed
  4. DBCG 82C: Overgaard M, Jensen MB, Overgaard J, Hansen PS, Rose C, Andersson M, Kamby C, Kjaer M, Gadeberg CC, Rasmussen BB, Blichert-Toft M, Mouridsen HT. Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast-cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82c randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 May 15;353(9165):1641-8. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
    1. Update: Ejlertsen B, Jensen MB, Elversang J, Rasmussen BB, Andersson M, Andersen J, Nielsen DL, Cold S, Mouridsen HT. One year of adjuvant tamoxifen compared with chemotherapy and tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with stage II breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2013 Sep;49(14):2986-94. Epub 2013 Jun 8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  5. Taiho 91023033: Park Y, Okamura K, Mitsuyama S, Saito T, Koh J, Kyono S, Higaki K, Ogita M, Asaga T, Inaji H, Komichi H, Kohno N, Yamazaki K, Tanaka F, Ito T, Nishikawa H, Osaki A, Koyama H, Suzuki T. Uracil-tegafur and tamoxifen vs cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, and tamoxifen in post-operative adjuvant therapy for stage I, II, or IIIA lymph node-positive breast cancer: a comparative study. Br J Cancer. 2009 Aug 18;101(4):598-604. Epub 2009 Jul 28. Erratum in: Br J Cancer. 2009 Sep 15;101(6):1031. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Dose-dense Cyclophosphamide monotherapy

ddC: dose-dense Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Kahan et al. 2005 2000-2003 Phase 2

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. Kahan Z, Uhercsak G, Hajnal-Papp R, Boda K, Thurzo L. Dose-dense sequential adriamycin-paclitaxel-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is well tolerated and safe in high-risk early breast cancer. Oncology. 2005;68(4-6):446-53. Epub 2005 Jul 13. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Kelemen G, Uhercsák G, Ormándi K, Eller J, Thurzó L, Kahán Z. Long-term efficiency and toxicity of adjuvant dose-dense sequential adriamycin-Paclitaxel-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer. Oncology. 2010;78(3-4):271-3. Epub 2010 Jun 7. link to original article PubMed

Cyclophosphamide & Docetaxel (TC)

TC: Taxotere (Docetaxel) & Cyclophosphamide
DC: Docetaxel & Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 4 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Jones et al. 2006 (USOR 9735) 1997-1999 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) AC Seems to have superior OS
Blum et al. 2017 (USOR 06-090) 2007-2009 Phase 3 (C) TAC Seems to have inferior IDFS
Blum et al. 2017 (NSABP-46-I/USOR 07132) 2009-2012 Phase 3 (C) TAC Seems to have inferior IDFS
Blum et al. 2017 (NSABP B-49) 2012-2013 Phase 3 (C) TAC Seems to have inferior IDFS

Note: Blum et al. 2017 is a pooled analysis of three RCTs, some of which had arms other than TAC and TC. Refer to the paper for further details.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 6 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Mavroudis et al. 2016 (HORG CT/07.17) 2007-2013 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) ddFEC-D Inconclusive whether non-inferior DFS36 (primary endpoint)
de Gregorio et al. 2022 (LMU Success C) 2008-2011 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) FEC-D Inconclusive whether non-inferior DFS1 (primary endpoint)
Ejlertsen et al. 2017 (DBCG 07-READ) 2008-2012 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) EC-D Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
DFS60: 88.3% vs 87.9%
(HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.78-1.28)
Nitz et al. 2019 (WSG PlanB) 2009-02 to 2011-12 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) EC-D Non-inferior DFS (primary endpoint)
Fehrenbacher et al. 2019 (NSABP B-47) 2011-2015 Phase 3 (C) 1a. AC-TH
1b. ddAC-TH
1c. TCH 		Did not meet primary endpoint of IDFS

1LMU Success C was designed as a non-inferiority trial but was reported using a superiority design post-hoc analysis.
Note: de Gregorio et al. 2022 was a pooled update and also the first report of LMU Success C.

Biomarker eligibility criteria

  • DBCG 07-READ: TOP2A normal as determined by FISH
  • NSABP B-47: HER2 IHC of 1+ or 2+ with FISH ratio less than 2 or HER2 gene copy number less than 4

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. USOR 9735: Jones SE, Savin MA, Holmes FA, O'Shaughnessy JA, Blum JL, Vukelja S, McIntyre KJ, Pippen JE, Bordelon JH, Kirby R, Sandbach J, Hyman WJ, Khandelwal P, Negron AG, Richards DA, Anthony SP, Mennel RG, Boehm KA, Meyer WG, Asmar L. Phase III trial comparing doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 1;24(34):5381-7. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 1;25(13):1819. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Jones S, Holmes FA, O'Shaughnessy J, Blum JL, Vukelja SJ, McIntyre KJ, Pippen JE, Bordelon JH, Kirby RL, Sandbach J, Hyman WJ, Richards DA, Mennel RG, Boehm KA, Meyer WG, Asmar L, Mackey D, Riedel S, Muss H, Savin MA. Docetaxel with cyclophosphamide is associated with an overall survival benefit compared with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: 7-year follow-up of US Oncology research trial 9735. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 10;27(8):1177-83. Epub 2009 Feb 9. link to original article PubMed
  2. HORG CT/07.17: Mavroudis D, Matikas A, Malamos N, Papakotoulas P, Kakolyris S, Boukovinas I, Athanasiadis A, Kentepozidis N, Ziras N, Katsaounis P, Saloustros E, Georgoulias V; HORG. Dose-dense FEC followed by docetaxel versus docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy in women with HER2-negative, axillary lymph node-positive early breast cancer: a multicenter randomized study by the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Ann Oncol. 2016 Oct;27(10):1873-8. Epub 2016 Aug 8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  3. USOR 06-090: Blum JL, Flynn PJ, Yothers G, Asmar L, Geyer CE Jr, Jacobs SA, Robert NJ, Hopkins JO, O'Shaughnessy JA, Dang CT, Gómez HL, Fehrenbacher L, Vukelja SJ, Lyss AP, Paul D, Brufsky AM, Jeong JH, Colangelo LH, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Jones SE, Wolmark N. Anthracyclines in early breast cancer: The ABC trials-USOR 06-090, NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132, and NSABP B-49 (NRG Oncology). J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2647-2655. Epub 2017 Apr 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  4. NSABP-46-I/USOR 07132: Blum JL, Flynn PJ, Yothers G, Asmar L, Geyer CE Jr, Jacobs SA, Robert NJ, Hopkins JO, O'Shaughnessy JA, Dang CT, Gómez HL, Fehrenbacher L, Vukelja SJ, Lyss AP, Paul D, Brufsky AM, Jeong JH, Colangelo LH, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Jones SE, Wolmark N. Anthracyclines in early breast cancer: The ABC trials-USOR 06-090, NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132, and NSABP B-49 (NRG Oncology). J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2647-2655. Epub 2017 Apr 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  5. NSABP B-49: Blum JL, Flynn PJ, Yothers G, Asmar L, Geyer CE Jr, Jacobs SA, Robert NJ, Hopkins JO, O'Shaughnessy JA, Dang CT, Gómez HL, Fehrenbacher L, Vukelja SJ, Lyss AP, Paul D, Brufsky AM, Jeong JH, Colangelo LH, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Jones SE, Wolmark N. Anthracyclines in early breast cancer: The ABC trials-USOR 06-090, NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132, and NSABP B-49 (NRG Oncology). J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2647-2655. Epub 2017 Apr 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  6. DBCG 07-READ: Ejlertsen B, Tuxen MK, Jakobsen EH, Jensen MB, Knoop AS, Højris I, Ewertz M, Balslev E, Danø H, Vestlev PM, Kenholm J, Nielsen DL, Bechmann T, Andersson M, Cold S, Nielsen HM, Maae E, Carlsen D, Mouridsen HT. Adjuvant cyclophosphamide and docetaxel with or without epirubicin for early TOP2A-normal breast cancer: DBCG 07-READ, an open-label, phase III, randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2639-2646. Epub 2017 Jun 29. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  7. WSG PlanB: Nitz U, Gluz O, Clemens M, Malter W, Reimer T, Nuding B, Aktas B, Stefek A, Pollmanns A, Lorenz-Salehi F, Uleer C, Krabisch P, Kuemmel S, Liedtke C, Shak S, Wuerstlein R, Christgen M, Kates RE, Kreipe HH, Harbeck N; West German Study Group. West German Study PlanB trial: adjuvant four cycles of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide plus docetaxel versus six cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide in HER2-negative early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Apr 1;37(10):799-808. Epub 2019 Feb 20. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Pooled update: de Gregorio A, Janni W, Friedl TWP, Nitz U, Rack B, Schneeweiss A, Kates R, Fehm T, Kreipe H, Christgen M, Kuemmel S, Trapp E, Wuerstlein R, Hartkopf A, Clemens M, Reimer T, Haberle L, Fasching PA, Gluz O, Harbeck N. The impact of anthracyclines in intermediate and high-risk HER2-negative early breast cancer-a pooled analysis of the randomised clinical trials PlanB and SUCCESS C. Br J Cancer. 2022 Jun;126(12):1715-1724. Epub 2022 Feb 22. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  8. NSABP B-47: Fehrenbacher L, Cecchini RS, Geyer CE Jr, Rastogi P, Costantino JP, Atkins JN, Crown JP, Polikoff J, Boileau JF, Provencher L, Stokoe C, Moore TD, Robidoux A, Flynn PJ, Borges VF, Albain KS, Swain SM, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. NSABP B-47/NRG Oncology Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in High-Risk Invasive Breast Cancer Negative for HER2 by FISH and With IHC 1+ or 2. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Feb 10;38(5):444-453. Epub 2019 Dec 10. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  9. LMU Success C: de Gregorio A, Janni W, Friedl TWP, Nitz U, Rack B, Schneeweiss A, Kates R, Fehm T, Kreipe H, Christgen M, Kuemmel S, Trapp E, Wuerstlein R, Hartkopf A, Clemens M, Reimer T, Haberle L, Fasching PA, Gluz O, Harbeck N. The impact of anthracyclines in intermediate and high-risk HER2-negative early breast cancer-a pooled analysis of the randomised clinical trials PlanB and SUCCESS C. Br J Cancer. 2022 Jun;126(12):1715-1724. Epub 2022 Feb 22. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  10. ASTER 70s: Clinical Trial Registry

Cyclophosphamide & Doxorubicin (AC)

AC: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) and Cyclophosphamide
CA: Cyclophosphamide and Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)

Regimen variant #1, 54/1200 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Linden et al. 2007 (INT-0137) 1994-1997 Phase 3 (C) A-C Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 60/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fisher et al. 1997 (NSABP B-18) 1988-1993 Phase 3 (C) AC; neoadjuvant Inferior resectability
Fisher et al. 1997 (NSABP B-22) 1989-1991 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC; intensified
2. AC; intensified & increased 		Did not meet primary endpoints of DFS/OS
Fisher et al. 2001 (NSABP B-23) 1991-1998 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) CMF Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Içli et al. 2001 1992-1996 Non-randomized part of RCT
Henderson et al. 2003 (INT 0148/CALGB 9344) 1994-1999 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC; high-dose
2. AC; very high dose 		Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Mamounas et al. 2005 (NSABP B-28) 1995-1998 Phase 3 (C) AC-T Inferior PFS
Jones et al. 2006 (USOR 9735) 1997-1999 Phase 3 (C) TC Seems to have inferior OS
Goldstein et al. 2008 (ECOG E2197) 1998-2000 Phase 3 (C) AT Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Brain et al. 2005 (RAPP-01) 1999-2003 Phase 3 (C) AT Not reported
Muss et al. 2009 (CALGB 49907) 2001-2006 Phase 3 (C) Capecitabine Seems to have superior OS1
RFS120: 56% vs 50%
(HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.62-0.98)
Miller et al. 2018 (ECOG E5103) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

1Reported efficacy for CALGB 49907 is based on the 2019 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #3, 80/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Moore et al. 2007 (SWOG S9623) 1996-2001 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. NSABP B-22: Fisher B, Anderson S, Wickerham DL, DeCillis A, Dimitrov N, Mamounas E, Wolmark N, Pugh R, Atkins JN, Meyers FJ, Abramson N, Wolter J, Bornstein RS, Levy L, Romond EH, Caggiano V, Grimaldi M, Jochimsen P, Deckers P. Increased intensification and total dose of cyclophosphamide in a doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen for the treatment of primary breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-22. J Clin Oncol. 1997 May;15(5):1858-69. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Pooled update: Taghian A, Jeong JH, Mamounas E, Anderson S, Bryant J, Deutsch M, Wolmark N. Patterns of locoregional failure in patients with operable breast cancer treated by mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without tamoxifen and without radiotherapy: results from five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Nov 1;22(21):4247-54. Epub 2004 Sep 27. link to original article PubMed
  2. NSABP B-18: Fisher B, Brown A, Mamounas E, Wieand S, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Cruz AB Jr, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N, DeCillis A, Hoehn JL, Lees AW, Dimitrov NV. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on local-regional disease in women with operable breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Jul;15(7):2483-93. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Fisher B, Bryant J, Wolmark N, Mamounas E, Brown A, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Begovic M, DeCillis A, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Cruz AB Jr, Hoehn JL, Lees AW, Dimitrov NV, Bear HD. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2672-85. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Wolmark N, Wang J, Mamounas E, Bryant J, Fisher B. Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer: nine-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;(30):96-102. link to original article PubMed
    3. Pooled update: Taghian A, Jeong JH, Mamounas E, Anderson S, Bryant J, Deutsch M, Wolmark N. Patterns of locoregional failure in patients with operable breast cancer treated by mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without tamoxifen and without radiotherapy: results from five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Nov 1;22(21):4247-54. Epub 2004 Sep 27. link to original article PubMed
    4. Pooled update: Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD, Geyer CE, Kahlenberg MS, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Hoehn JL, Vogel VG, Dakhil SR, Tamkus D, King KM, Pajon ER, Wright MJ, Robert J, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 10;26(5):778-85. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16):2793. link to original article PubMed
  3. NSABP B-23: Fisher B, Anderson S, Tan-Chiu E, Wolmark N, Wickerham DL, Fisher ER, Dimitrov NV, Atkins JN, Abramson N, Merajver S, Romond EH, Kardinal CG, Shibata HR, Margolese RG, Farrar WB. Tamoxifen and chemotherapy for axillary node-negative, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-23. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 15;19(4):931-42. link to original article PubMed
  4. Içli F, Akbulut H, Dinçol D, Onur H, Demirkazik A, Cam R, Cay F, Demirci S, Uner A, Erekul S. A randomized trial of four cycles of adjuvant AC (adriamycin + cyclophosphamide) +/- two cycles of EP (etoposide + cisplatin) in node positive patients with breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2001 Jul;12(7):1011-3. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  5. INT 0148/CALGB 9344: Henderson IC, Berry DA, Demetri GD, Cirrincione CT, Goldstein LJ, Martino S, Ingle JN, Cooper MR, Hayes DF, Tkaczuk KH, Fleming G, Holland JF, Duggan DB, Carpenter JT, Frei E 3rd, Schilsky RL, Wood WC, Muss HB, Norton L. Improved outcomes from adding sequential paclitaxel but not from escalating doxorubicin dose in an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for patients with node-positive primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Mar 15;21(6):976-83. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  6. NSABP B-28: Mamounas EP, Bryant J, Lembersky B, Fehrenbacher L, Sedlacek SM, Fisher B, Wickerham DL, Yothers G, Soran A, Wolmark N. Paclitaxel after doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: results from NSABP B-28. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3686-96. Epub 2005 May 16. link to original article PubMed
  7. RAPP-01: Brain EG, Bachelot T, Serin D, Kirscher S, Graic Y, Eymard JC, Extra JM, Combe M, Fourme E, Noguès C, Rouëssé J; RAPP-01 Trial Investigators. Life-threatening sepsis associated with adjuvant doxorubicin plus docetaxel for intermediate-risk breast cancer. JAMA. 2005 May 18;293(19):2367-71. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  8. USOR 9735: Jones SE, Savin MA, Holmes FA, O'Shaughnessy JA, Blum JL, Vukelja S, McIntyre KJ, Pippen JE, Bordelon JH, Kirby R, Sandbach J, Hyman WJ, Khandelwal P, Negron AG, Richards DA, Anthony SP, Mennel RG, Boehm KA, Meyer WG, Asmar L. Phase III trial comparing doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 1;24(34):5381-7. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 1;25(13):1819. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
    1. Update: Jones S, Holmes FA, O'Shaughnessy J, Blum JL, Vukelja SJ, McIntyre KJ, Pippen JE, Bordelon JH, Kirby RL, Sandbach J, Hyman WJ, Richards DA, Mennel RG, Boehm KA, Meyer WG, Asmar L, Mackey D, Riedel S, Muss H, Savin MA. Docetaxel with cyclophosphamide is associated with an overall survival benefit compared with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: 7-year follow-up of US Oncology research trial 9735. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 10;27(8):1177-83. Epub 2009 Feb 9. link to original article PubMed
  9. INT-0137: Linden HM, Haskell CM, Green SJ, Osborne CK, Sledge GW Jr, Shapiro CL, Ingle JN, Lew D, Hutchins LF, Livingston RB, Martino S. Sequenced compared with simultaneous anthracycline and cyclophosphamide in high-risk stage I and II breast cancer: final analysis from INT-0137 (S9313). J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 20;25(6):656-61. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  10. SWOG S9623: Moore HC, Green SJ, Gralow JR, Bearman SI, Lew D, Barlow WE, Hudis C, Wolff AC, Ingle JN, Chew HK, Elias AD, Livingston RB, Martino S; SWOG. Intensive dose-dense compared with high-dose adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk operable breast cancer: Southwest Oncology Group/Intergroup study 9623. J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 1;25(13):1677-82. Epub 2007 Apr 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  11. ECOG E2197: Goldstein LJ, O'Neill A, Sparano JA, Perez EA, Shulman LN, Martino S, Davidson NE. Concurrent doxorubicin plus docetaxel is not more effective than concurrent doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in operable breast cancer with 0 to 3 positive axillary nodes: North American Breast Cancer Intergroup Trial E 2197. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 1;26(25):4092-9. Epub 2008 Aug 4. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  12. CALGB 49907: Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Theodoulou M, Mauer AM, Kornblith AB, Partridge AH, Dressler LG, Cohen HJ, Becker HP, Kartcheske PA, Wheeler JD, Perez EA, Wolff AC, Gralow JR, Burstein HJ, Mahmood AA, Magrinat G, Parker BA, Hart RD, Grenier D, Norton L, Hudis CA, Winer EP; CALGB. Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 14;360(20):2055-65. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1714. Magrinat, Gutav [corrected to Magrinat, Gustav]. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Muss HB, Polley MC, Berry DA, Liu H, Cirrincione CT, Theodoulou M, Mauer AM, Kornblith AB, Partridge AH, Dressler LG, Cohen HJ, Kartcheske PA, Perez EA, Wolff AC, Gralow JR, Burstein HJ, Mahmood AA, Sutton LM, Magrinat G, Parker BA, Hart RD, Grenier D, Hurria A, Jatoi A, Norton L, Hudis CA, Winer EP, Carey L. Randomized Trial of Standard Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens Versus Capecitabine in Older Women With Early Breast Cancer: 10-Year Update of the CALGB 49907 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Sep 10;37(26):2338-2348. Epub 2019 Jul 24. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  13. ECOG E5103: Miller KD, O'Neill A, Gradishar W, Hobday TJ, Goldstein LJ, Mayer IA, Bloom S, Brufsky AM, Tevaarwerk AJ, Sparano JA, Le-Lindqwister NA, Hendricks CB, Northfelt DW, Dang CT, Sledge GW Jr. Double-blind phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab in patients with lymph node-positive and high-risk lymph node-negative breast cancer (E5103). J Clin Oncol. 2018 Sep 1;36(25):2621-2629. Epub 2018 Jul 24. link to original article refers to ECOG E1199 protocol link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  14. ASTER 70s: Clinical Trial Registry

Dose-dense Cyclophosphamide & Doxorubicin (ddAC)

ddAC: dose-dense Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) and Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 60/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Shulman et al. 2012 (CALGB 40101) 2002-2008 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. ddAC x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
2. ddT x 4 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
3. ddT x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Burstein et al. 2005 2003-2004 Non-randomized
Swain et al. 2013 (NSABP B-38) 2004-2007 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

Note: CALGB 40101 originally specified 21-day cycles but was amended to 14-day cycles after results of CALGB 9741 were available.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

  • (varies depending on reference):
  • Burstein et al. 2005:
  • Burstein et al. 2005, for patients with Hb 10 to 12 g/dL:
  • CALGB 40101: one of the following:
    • Filgrastim (Neupogen) 5 mcg/kg (rounded to 300 mcg or 480 mcg, whichever is closer) SC once per day on days 3 to 10; may be discontinued before day 10 if ANC has recovered to an "acceptable range, as determined by the treating physician"
    • Sargramostim (Leukine) 250 to 500 mcg/m2 SC once per day on days 3 to 10; may be discontinued before day 10 if ANC has recovered to an "acceptable range, as determined by the treating physician"
    • Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) 6 mg SC once, given 24 to 36 hours after chemotherapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 60/600 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Budd et al. 2014 (SWOG S0221) 2003-2010 Phase 3 (C) AC; continuous Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
van Rossum et al. 2018 (MATADOR) 2004-2012 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) TAC Did not meet secondary endpoints of RFS/OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Burstein HJ, Parker LM, Keshaviah A, Doherty J, Partridge AH, Schapira L, Ryan PD, Younger J, Harris LN, Moy B, Come SE, Schumer ST, Bunnell CA, Haldoupis M, Gelman R, Winer EP. Efficacy of pegfilgrastim and darbepoetin alfa as hematopoietic support for dose-dense every-2-week adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8340-7. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. CALGB 40101: Shulman LN, Cirrincione CT, Berry DA, Becker HP, Perez EA, O'Regan R, Martino S, Atkins JN, Mayer E, Schneider CJ, Kimmick G, Norton L, Muss H, Winer EP, Hudis C. Six cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide or paclitaxel are not superior to four cycles as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in women with zero to three positive axillary nodes: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 40101. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 20;30(33):4071-6. Epub 2012 Jul 23. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to study protocol PDF link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Shulman LN, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Becker HP, Perez EA, O'Regan R, Martino S, Shapiro CL, Schneider CJ, Kimmick G, Burstein HJ, Norton L, Muss H, Hudis CA, Winer EP. Comparison of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide versus single-agent paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in women with 0 to 3 positive axillary nodes: CALGB 40101 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2014 Aug 1;32(22):2311-7. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  3. NSABP B-38: Swain SM, Tang G, Geyer CE Jr, Rastogi P, Atkins JN, Donnellan PP, Fehrenbacher L, Azar CA, Robidoux A, Polikoff JA, Brufsky AM, Biggs DD, Levine EA, Zapas JL, Provencher L, Northfelt DW, Paik S, Costantino JP, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Definitive results of a phase III adjuvant trial comparing three chemotherapy regimens in women with operable, node-positive breast cancer: the NSABP B-38 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 10;31(26):3197-204. Epub 2013 Aug 12. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  4. SWOG S0221: Budd GT, Barlow WE, Moore HC, Hobday TJ, Stewart JA, Isaacs C, Salim M, Cho JK, Rinn KJ, Albain KS, Chew HK, Burton GV, Moore TD, Srkalovic G, McGregor BA, Flaherty LE, Livingston RB, Lew DL, Gralow JR, Hortobagyi GN. SWOG S0221: a phase III trial comparing chemotherapy schedules in high-risk early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jan 1;33(1):58-64. Epub 2014 Nov 24. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  5. ECOG E5103: Miller KD, O'Neill A, Gradishar W, Hobday TJ, Goldstein LJ, Mayer IA, Bloom S, Brufsky AM, Tevaarwerk AJ, Sparano JA, Le-Lindqwister NA, Hendricks CB, Northfelt DW, Dang CT, Sledge GW Jr. Double-blind phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab in patients with lymph node-positive and high-risk lymph node-negative breast cancer (E5103). J Clin Oncol. 2018 Sep 1;36(25):2621-2629. Epub 2018 Jul 24. link to original article refers to ECOG E1199 protocol link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  6. MATADOR: van Rossum AGJ, Kok M, van Werkhoven E, Opdam M, Mandjes IAM, van Leeuwen-Stok AE, van Tinteren H, Imholz ALT, Portielje JEA, Bos MMEM, van Bochove A, Wesseling J, Rutgers EJ, Linn SC, Oosterkamp HM; MATADOR Trialists' Group. Adjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide versus docetaxel-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide for high-risk breast cancer: first results of the randomised MATADOR trial (BOOG 2004-04). Eur J Cancer. 2018 Oct;102:40-48. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed ISRCTN61893718

Cyclophosphamide & Epirubicin (EC)

EC: Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide

Regimen variant #1, 60/500 x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Piccart et al. 2001 (Belgian trial) 1988-1996 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. CMF Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS
2. EC; high-dose Seems to have inferior EFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 75/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Pico et al. 2004 (GEICAM 9401) 1995-2000 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) ECT (Tamoxifen) Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #3, 90/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Zander et al. 2004 1993-2000 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT
Kümmel et al. 2006 1996-2000 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #4, 100/830 x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Piccart et al. 2001 (Belgian trial) 1988-1996 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. CMF Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS
2. EC; moderate-dose Seems to have superior EFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #5, 120/600 x 4 (high-dose)

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Papaldo et al. 2003 1991-1994 Phase 3 (C) EC & Lonidamine Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60
Vici et al. 2011 (GOIM 9902) 1999-2005 Phase 3 (C) D-EC Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. Belgian trial: Piccart MJ, Di Leo A, Beauduin M, Vindevoghel A, Michel J, Focan C, Tagnon A, Ries F, Gobert P, Finet C, Closon-Dejardin MT, Dufrane JP, Kerger J, Liebens F, Beauvois S, Bartholomeus S, Dolci S, Lobelle JP, Paesmans M, Nogaret JM. Phase III trial comparing two dose levels of epirubicin combined with cyclophosphamide with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Jun 15;19(12):3103-10. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: de Azambuja E, Paesmans M, Beauduin M, Vindevoghel A, Cornez N, Finet C, Ries F, Closon-Dejardin MT, Kerger J, Gobert P, Focan C, Tagnon A, Dolci S, Nogaret JM, di Leo A, Piccart-Gebhart MJ. Long-term benefit of high-dose epirubicin in adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: 15-year efficacy results of the Belgian multicentre study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Feb 10;27(5):720-5. Epub 2008 Dec 22. link to original article PubMed
  2. Papaldo P, Lopez M, Cortesi E, Cammilluzzi E, Antimi M, Terzoli E, Lepidini G, Vici P, Barone C, Ferretti G, Di Cosimo S, Nistico C, Carlini P, Conti F, Di Lauro L, Botti C, Vitucci C, Fabi A, Giannarelli D, Marolla P. Addition of either lonidamine or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor does not improve survival in early breast cancer patients treated with high-dose epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Sep 15;21(18):3462-8. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  3. GEICAM 9401: Pico C, Martin M, Jara C, Barnadas A, Pelegri A, Balil A, Camps C, Frau A, Rodriguez-Lescure A, Lopez-Vega JM, De La Haba J, Tres A, Alvarez I, Alba E, Arcusa A, Oltra A, Batista N, Checa T, Perez-Carrion R, Curto J; GEICAM. Epirubicin-cyclophosphamide adjuvant chemotherapy plus tamoxifen administered concurrently versus sequentially: randomized phase III trial in postmenopausal node-positive breast cancer patients: a GEICAM 9401 study. Ann Oncol. 2004 Jan;15(1):79-87. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  4. Zander AR, Kröger N, Schmoor C, Krüger W, Möbus V, Frickhofen N, Metzner B, Schultze W, Berdel WE, Koenigsmann M, Thiel E, Wandt H, Possinger K, Trümper L, Kreienberg R, Carstensen M, Schmidt EH, Jänicke F, Schumacher M, Jonat W. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support compared with standard-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes: first results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 15;22(12):2273-83. Epub 2004 Apr 26. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  5. Kümmel S, Krocker J, Kohls A, Breitbach GP, Morack G, Budner M, Blohmer JU, Elling D. Randomised trial: survival benefit and safety of adjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006 May 8;94(9):1237-44. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
    1. Update: Reinisch M, Gluz O, Ataseven B, Blohmer JU, Budner M, Dittmer-Grabowski C, Kohls A, Krocker J, Kümmel A, Hagemann F, Rüland A, Traut A, Kümmel S. Updated Survival Analysis after a Median Follow-up of 12 Years of an Anthracycline-Containing Adjuvant Prospective Multicentre, Randomised Phase III Trial on Dose-Dense Chemotherapy in Primary Node-Positive, High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients. Breast Care (Basel). 2019 Jun;14(3):159-164. Epub 2018 Sep 5. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  6. GOIM 9902: Vici P, Brandi M, Giotta F, Foggi P, Schittulli F, Di Lauro L, Gebbia N, Massidda B, Filippelli G, Giannarelli D, Di Benedetto A, Mottolese M, Colucci G, Lopez M. A multicenter phase III prospective randomized trial of high-dose epirubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide (EC) versus docetaxel followed by EC in node-positive breast cancer: GOIM (Gruppo Oncologico Italia Meridionale) 9902 study. Ann Oncol. 2012 May;23(5):1121-9. Epub 2011 Sep 28. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  7. GIM2: Del Mastro L, De Placido S, Bruzzi P, De Laurentiis M, Boni C, Cavazzini G, Durando A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Valle E, Garrone O, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Barni S, Ardizzoni A, Gamucci T, Colantuoni G, Giuliano M, Gravina A, Papaldo P, Bighin C, Bisagni G, Forestieri V, Cognetti F; Gruppo Italiano Mammella. Fluorouracil and dose-dense chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer: an open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015 May 9;385(9980):1863-72. Epub 2015 Mar 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Del Mastro L, Poggio F, Blondeaux E, De Placido S, Giuliano M, Forestieri V, De Laurentiis M, Gravina A, Bisagni G, Rimanti A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Vaccaro A, Cognetti F, Fabi A, Gasparro S, Garrone O, Alicicco MG, Urracci Y, Mansutti M, Poletti P, Correale P, Bighin C, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Colantuoni G, Lambertini M, Boni L; Gruppo Italiano Mammella Investigators. Fluorouracil and dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer (GIM2): end-of-study results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Dec;23(12):1571-1582. Epub 2022 Nov 10. link to original article PubMed

Docetaxel monotherapy

D: Docetaxel
T: Taxotere (Docetaxel)
dT: doceTaxel


Regimen variant #3, 100 mg/m2 q3wk x 3

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Joensuu et al. 2006 (FinHer) 2000-2003 Phase 3 (C) Vinorelbine Superior RFS
(HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40-0.85)

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment. Patients in FinHer without HER2/neu amplification were only randomized to this or the vinorelbine arm.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles


Regimen variant #4, 100 mg/m2 q3wk x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bear et al. 2003 (NSABP B-27) 1995-2000 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. NSABP B-27: Bear HD, Anderson S, Brown A, Smith R, Mamounas EP, Fisher B, Margolese R, Theoret H, Soran A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. The effect on tumor response of adding sequential preoperative docetaxel to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: preliminary results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 15;21(22):4165-74. Epub 2003 Oct 14. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Bear HD, Anderson S, Smith RE, Geyer CE Jr, Mamounas EP, Fisher B, Brown AM, Robidoux A, Margolese R, Kahlenberg MS, Paik S, Soran A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N. Sequential preoperative or postoperative docetaxel added to preoperative doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide for operable breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 1;24(13):2019-27. Epub 2006 Apr 10. link to original article PubMed
    2. Pooled update: Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD, Geyer CE, Kahlenberg MS, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Hoehn JL, Vogel VG, Dakhil SR, Tamkus D, King KM, Pajon ER, Wright MJ, Robert J, Paik S, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocols B-18 and B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 10;26(5):778-85. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16):2793. link to original article PubMed
  2. FinHer: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P, Alanko T, Kataja V, Asola R, Utriainen T, Kokko R, Hemminki A, Tarkkanen M, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Jyrkkiö S, Flander M, Helle L, Ingalsuo S, Johansson K, Jääskeläinen AS, Pajunen M, Rauhala M, Kaleva-Kerola J, Salminen T, Leinonen M, Elomaa I, Isola J; FinHer Study Investigators. Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 23;354(8):809-20. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed ISRCTN76560285
    1. Update: Joensuu H, Bono P, Kataja V, Alanko T, Kokko R, Asola R, Utriainen T, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Jyrkkiö S, Möykkynen K, Helle L, Ingalsuo S, Pajunen M, Huusko M, Salminen T, Auvinen P, Leinonen H, Leinonen M, Isola J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide with either docetaxel or vinorelbine, with or without trastuzumab, as adjuvant treatments of breast cancer: final results of the FinHer trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5685-92. link to original article PubMed
  3. NSAS BC-02: Watanabe T, Kuranami M, Inoue K, Masuda N, Aogi K, Ohno S, Iwata H, Mukai H, Uemura Y, Ohashi Y. Comparison of an AC-taxane versus AC-free regimen and paclitaxel versus docetaxel in patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer: final results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer 02 trial, a randomized comparative phase 3 study. Cancer. 2017 Mar 1;123(5):759-768. Epub 2017 Jan 12. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract link to PMC article PubMed

Doxorubicin monotherapy

A: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Buzzoni et al. 1991 (Milan trial) 1982-1987 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) See link See link
Leonard et al. 2004 1995-1999 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT
Gianni et al. 2009 (ECTO) 1996-2002 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • Milan trial & Leonard et al. 2004: CMF x 8
  • ECTO: CMF x 4

References

  1. Milan trial: Buzzoni R, Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Zambetti M. Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in the treatment of resectable breast cancer with more than three positive axillary nodes. J Clin Oncol. 1991 Dec;9(12):2134-40. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Bonadonna G, Zambetti M, Valagussa P. Sequential or alternating doxorubicin and CMF regimens in breast cancer with more than three positive nodes: ten-year results. JAMA. 1995 Feb 15;273(7):542-7. link to original article PubMed
  2. Leonard RC, Lind M, Twelves C, Coleman R, van Belle S, Wilson C, Ledermann J, Kennedy I, Barrett-Lee P, Perren T, Verrill M, Cameron D, Foster E, Yellowlees A, Crown J; Anglo-Celtic Cooperative Oncology Group. Conventional adjuvant chemotherapy versus single-cycle, autograft-supported, high-dose, late-intensification chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients: a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Jul 21;96(14):1076-83. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  3. ECTO: Gianni L, Baselga J, Eiermann W, Porta VG, Semiglazov V, Lluch A, Zambetti M, Sabadell D, Raab G, Cussac AL, Bozhok A, Martinez-Agulló A, Greco M, Byakhov M, Lopez JJ, Mansutti M, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Phase III trial evaluating the addition of paclitaxel to doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil, as adjuvant or primary systemic therapy: European Cooperative Trial in Operable Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 20;27(15):2474-81. Epub 2009 Mar 30. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Dose-dense Doxorubicin monotherapy

ddA: dose-dense Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kahan et al. 2005 2000-2003 Phase 2

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Kahan Z, Uhercsak G, Hajnal-Papp R, Boda K, Thurzo L. Dose-dense sequential adriamycin-paclitaxel-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is well tolerated and safe in high-risk early breast cancer. Oncology. 2005;68(4-6):446-53. Epub 2005 Jul 13. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Kelemen G, Uhercsák G, Ormándi K, Eller J, Thurzó L, Kahán Z. Long-term efficiency and toxicity of adjuvant dose-dense sequential adriamycin-Paclitaxel-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer. Oncology. 2010;78(3-4):271-3. Epub 2010 Jun 7. link to original article PubMed

Doxorubicin & Paclitaxel (AT)

AT: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gianni et al. 2009 (ECTO) 1996-2002 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. ECTO: Gianni L, Baselga J, Eiermann W, Porta VG, Semiglazov V, Lluch A, Zambetti M, Sabadell D, Raab G, Cussac AL, Bozhok A, Martinez-Agulló A, Greco M, Byakhov M, Lopez JJ, Mansutti M, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Phase III trial evaluating the addition of paclitaxel to doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil, as adjuvant or primary systemic therapy: European Cooperative Trial in Operable Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 20;27(15):2474-81. Epub 2009 Mar 30. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Epirubicin & Paclitaxel (EP)

EP: Epirubicin & Paclitaxel

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Yuan et al. 2023 (CH-BC-006) 2010-06-01 to 2016-06-30 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) EC-P Non-inferior DFS (primary endpoint)
DFS60: 86% vs 80.6%
(HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61-1.10)

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. CH-BC-006: Yuan P, Kang Y, Ma F, Fan Y, Wang J, Wang X, Yue J, Luo Y, Zhang P, Li Q, Xu B. Effect of Epirubicin Plus Paclitaxel vs Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Paclitaxel on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Operable ERBB2-Negative and Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Feb 1;6(2):e230122. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

iddEnPC

iddEnPC: intense dose-dense Epirubicin, nab-Paclitaxel, Cyclophosphamide

Protocol

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Möbus et al. 2021 (GAIN-2) 2012-2017 Phase 3 (C) dtEC-dtD Did not meet primary endpoint of iDFS

Note: growth factor support is not specifically mentioned in the manuscript. The details below for pegfilgrastim are based on the GAIN trial of iddEPC.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, part 1

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles, then:

Chemotherapy, part 2

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles, then:

Chemotherapy, part 3

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

  1. GAIN-2: Möbus V, Lück HJ, Ladda E, Klare P, Schmidt M, Schneeweiss A, Grischke EM, Wachsmann G, Forstbauer H, Untch M, Marmé F, Blohmer JU, Jackisch C, Huober J, Stickeler E, Reinisch M, Link T, Sinn BV, Janni W, Denkert C, Furlanetto J, Engels K, Solbach C, Schmatloch S, Rey J, Burchardi N, Loibl S; GBG and AGO-B. Phase III randomised trial comparing intense dose-dense chemotherapy to tailored dose-dense chemotherapy in high-risk early breast cancer (GAIN-2). Eur J Cancer. 2021 Oct;156:138-148. Epub 2021 Aug 24. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

iddEPC

iddEPC: intense dose-dense Epirubicin, Paclitaxel, Cyclophosphamide
IDD-ETC: Intense Dose-Dense Epirubicin, Taxol (Paclitaxel), Cyclophosphamide

Protocol

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Möbus et al. 2010 (AGO-iddEPC) 1998-2003 Phase 3 (E-esc) EC-T Superior OS1
OS120: 69% vs 59%
(HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60-0.87)
Möbus et al. 2017 (GAIN) 2004-2008 Phase 3 (C) ddEC, then XP Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

1Reported efficacy for AGO-iddEPC is based on the 2018 update.
Note: this dosing of cyclophosphamide was after a mid-protocol amendment of GAIN.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, part 1

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles, then:

Chemotherapy, part 2

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles, then:

Chemotherapy, part 3

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

  1. AGO-iddEPC: Moebus V, Jackisch C, Lueck HJ, du Bois A, Thomssen C, Kurbacher C, Kuhn W, Nitz U, Schneeweiss A, Huober J, Harbeck N, von Minckwitz G, Runnebaum IB, Hinke A, Kreienberg R, Konecny GE, Untch M. Intense dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide compared with conventionally scheduled chemotherapy in high-risk primary breast cancer: mature results of an AGO phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jun 10;28(17):2874-80. Epub 2010 May 10. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Möbus V, Jackisch C, Lück HJ, du Bois A, Thomssen C, Kuhn W, Nitz U, Schneeweiss A, Huober J, Harbeck N, von Minckwitz G, Runnebaum IB, Hinke A, Konecny GE, Untch M, Kurbacher C; AGO Breast Study Group (AGO-B). Ten-year results of intense dose-dense chemotherapy show superior survival compared with a conventional schedule in high-risk primary breast cancer: final results of AGO phase III iddEPC trial. Ann Oncol. 2018 Jan 1;29(1):178-185. link to original article PubMed
  2. GAIN: Möbus V, von Minckwitz G, Jackisch C, Lück HJ, Schneeweiss A, Tesch H, Elling D, Harbeck N, Conrad B, Fehm T, Huober J, Müller V, Bauerfeind I, du Bois A, Loibl S, Nekljudova V, Untch M, Thomssen C; German Breast Group; AGO Breast Study Group (AGO-B); NOGGO. German Adjuvant Intergroup Node-positive Study (GAIN): a phase III trial comparing two dose-dense regimens (iddEPC versus ddEC-PwX) in high-risk early breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2017 Aug 1;28(8):1803-1810. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Epirubicin monotherapy

E: Epirubicin

Regimen variant #1, 75 mg/m2

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Boccardo et al. 1990 (GROCTA-1) 1983-1987 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #4, 100 mg/m2 x 6, split doses

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Coombes et al. 2011 (DEVA) 1997-2005 Phase 3 (C) E-D Inferior OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. GROCTA-1: Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Bruzzi P, Cappellini M, Isola G, Nenci I, Piffanelli A, Scanni A, Sismondi P, Santi L, Genta F, Saccani F, Sassi M, Malacarne P, Donati D, Farris A, Castagnetta L, Di Carlo A, Traina A, Galletto L, Smerieri F, Buzzi F; Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemo-Hormone Therapy Cooperative Group. Chemotherapy versus tamoxifen versus chemotherapy plus tamoxifen in node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients: results of a multicentric Italian study. J Clin Oncol. 1990 Aug;8(8):1310-20. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Boccardo F, Guglielmini P, Parodi A, Rubagotti A. Chemotherapy versus tamoxifen versus chemotherapy plus tamoxifen in node-positive, oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients: very late results of the 'gruppo di ricerca per la chemio-ormonoterapia adiuvante (GROCTA)' 01-Trial in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Apr;126(3):653-61. Epub 2011 Feb 24. link to original article PubMed
  2. DEVA: Coombes RC, Bliss JM, Espie M, Erdkamp F, Wals J, Tres A, Marty M, Coleman RE, Tubiana-Mathieu N, den Boer MO, Wardley A, Kilburn LS, Cooper D, Thomas MW, Reise JA, Wilkinson K, Hupperets P. Randomized, phase III trial of sequential epirubicin and docetaxel versus epirubicin alone in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Aug 20;29(24):3247-54. Epub 2011 Jul 18. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed ISRCTN89772270

Dose-dense Epirubicin monotherapy

ddE: dose-dense Epirubicin

Regimen variant #1, 3 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Fountzilas et al. 2014 (HE10/05) 2005-2008 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

14-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • CMF; intensified


Regimen variant #2, 4 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fountzilas et al. 2005 (HE 10/97) 1997-2000 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • CMF; intensified

References

  1. HE 10/97: Fountzilas G, Skarlos D, Dafni U, Gogas H, Briasoulis E, Pectasides D, Papadimitriou C, Markopoulos C, Polychronis A, Kalofonos HP, Siafaka V, Kosmidis P, Timotheadou E, Tsavdaridis D, Bafaloukos D, Papakostas P, Razis E, Makrantonakis P, Aravantinos G, Christodoulou C, Dimopoulos AM; Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Postoperative dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin, followed by CMF with or without paclitaxel, in patients with high-risk operable breast cancer: a randomized phase III study conducted by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Ann Oncol. 2005 Nov;16(11):1762-71. Epub 2005 Sep 7. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. HE10/05: Fountzilas G, Dafni U, Papadimitriou C, Timotheadou E, Gogas H, Eleftheraki AG, Xanthakis I, Christodoulou C, Koutras A, Papandreou CN, Papakostas P, Miliaras S, Markopoulos C, Dimitrakakis C, Korantzopoulos P, Karanikiotis C, Bafaloukos D, Kosmidis P, Samantas E, Varthalitis I, Pavlidis N, Pectasides D, Dimopoulos MA. Dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy followed, as indicated, by trastuzumab for one year in patients with early breast cancer: first report at 5-year median follow-up of a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group randomized phase III trial. BMC Cancer. 2014 Jul 15;14:515. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

FAC

FAC: Fluorouracil, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide
CAF: Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Fluorouracil

Regimen variant #1, 500/40/500 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Tokuda et al. 2007 (JCOG 9208) 1993-1999 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #2, 500/50/500 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Martin et al. 2003 (GEICAM 8701) 1987-1991 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) CMF Might have superior DFS
Martin et al. 2005 (BCIRG 001) 1997-1999 Phase 3 (C) TAC Inferior OS
Martín et al. 2010 (GEICAM 9805) 1999-2003 Phase 3 (C) TAC Inferior DFS
Martín et al. 2013 (GEICAM 2003-02) 2003-2008 Phase 3 (C) FAC-T Seems to have inferior DFS
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Infusion times per Martin et al. 2005 (BCIRG 001).

  • Fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once on day 1, given second
  • Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 50 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once on day 1, given first
  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 500 mg/m2 IV over 1 to 5 minutes once on day 1, given third
    • A HemOnc.org user reached out to us and said their institutional practice is to infuse cyclophosphamide over 20 to 30 minutes to decrease the likelihood of head and sinus pain.

Supportive therapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #3, 800/40/400 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Wood et al. 1994 (CALGB 8541) 1985-NR Phase 3 (C) 1. FAC; 600/30/300 x 4 Superior OS
2. FAC; 1200/60/600 x 4 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #4, 800/40/400 until max doxorubicin

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Buzdar et al. 1984 1977-1980 Phase 3 (C) FAC + BCG Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles until cumulative doxorubicin dose of 300 mg/m2 reached.

Subsequent treatment

  • After reaching cumulative maximum doxorubicin, patients would go on to receive maintenance CMF. This is now obsolete.


Regimen variant #5, 1000/50/500 x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Hortobagyi et al. 2000 1990-1997 Non-randomized part of RCT

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #6, 1000/60/1400 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Davidson et al. 2005 (ECOG E5188) 1989-1994 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT
Hutchins et al. 2005 (INT-0102) 1989-1993 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) CMF Seems to have superior OS
Albain et al. 2009 (SWOG-8814) 1989-1995 Phase 3 (E-esc) See link See link
Tallman et al. 2003 (INT-0121) 1991-1998 Non-randomized part of RCT

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment


Regimen variant #7, 1200/60/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Wood et al. 1994 (CALGB 8541) 1985-NR Phase 3 (C) 1. FAC; 600/30/300 x 4 Superior OS
2. FAC; 800/40/400 x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #8, 1200/60/600 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. Buzdar AU, Blumenschein GR, Smith TL, Powell KC, Hortobagyi GN, Yap HY, Schell FC, Barnes BC, Ames FC, Martin RG, Hersh EM. Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, with or without Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and with or without irradiation in operable breast cancer: a prospective randomized trial. Cancer. 1984 Feb 1;53(3):384-9. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Buzdar AU, Kau SW, Smith TL, Hortobagyi GN. Ten-year results of FAC adjuvant chemotherapy trial in breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 1989 Apr;12(2):123-8. link to original article PubMed
  2. CALGB 8541: Wood WC, Budman DR, Korzun AH, Cooper MR, Younger J, Hart RD, Moore A, Ellerton JA, Norton L, Ferree CR, Colangelo Ballow A, Frei E, Henderson IC. Dose and dose intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II, node-positive breast carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1994 May 5;330(18):1253-9. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1994 Jul 14;331(2):139. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Subgroup analysis: Muss HB, Thor AD, Berry DA, Kute T, Liu ET, Koerner F, Cirrincione CT, Budman DR, Wood WC, Barcos M, Henderson IC. c-erbB-2 expression and response to adjuvant therapy in women with node-positive early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1994 May 5;330(18):1260-6. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1994 Jul 21;331(3):211. link to original article PubMed
  3. Hortobagyi GN, Buzdar AU, Theriault RL, Valero V, Frye D, Booser DJ, Holmes FA, Giralt S, Khouri I, Andersson B, Gajewski JL, Rondon G, Smith TL, Singletary SE, Ames FC, Sneige N, Strom EA, McNeese MD, Deisseroth AB, Champlin RE. Randomized trial of high-dose chemotherapy and blood cell autografts for high-risk primary breast carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Feb 2;92(3):225-33. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  4. GEICAM 8701: Martin M, Villar A, Sole-Calvo A, Gonzalez R, Massuti B, Lizon J, Camps C, Carrato A, Casado A, Candel MT, Albanell J, Aranda J, Munarriz B, Campbell J, Diaz-Rubio E; GEICAM. Doxorubicin in combination with fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide (iv FAC regimen, day 1, 21) versus methotrexate in combination with fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide (iv CMF regimen, day 1, 21) as adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer: a study by the GEICAM group. Ann Oncol. 2003 Jun;14(6):833-42. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  5. INT-0121: Tallman MS, Gray R, Robert NJ, LeMaistre CF, Osborne CK, Vaughan WP, Gradishar WJ, Pisansky TM, Fetting J, Paietta E, Lazarus HM. Conventional adjuvant chemotherapy with or without high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation in high-risk breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 3;349(1):17-26. link to original article PubMed
  6. BCIRG 001: Martín M, Pienkowski T, Mackey J, Pawlicki M, Guastalla JP, Weaver C, Tomiak E, Al-Tweigeri T, Chap L, Juhos E, Guevin R, Howell A, Fornander T, Hainsworth J, Coleman R, Vinholes J, Modiano M, Pinter T, Tang SC, Colwell B, Prady C, Provencher L, Walde D, Rodriguez-Lescure A, Hugh J, Loret C, Rupin M, Blitz S, Jacobs P, Murawsky M, Riva A, Vogel C; Breast Cancer International Research Group. Adjuvant docetaxel for node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 2;352(22):2302-13. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Mackey JR, Martín M, Pienkowski T, Rolski J, Guastalla JP, Sami A, Glaspy J, Juhos E, Wardley A, Fornander T, Hainsworth J, Coleman R, Modiano MR, Vinholes J, Pinter T, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Colwell B, Whitlock P, Provencher L, Laing K, Walde D, Price C, Hugh JC, Childs BH, Bassi K, Lindsay MA, Wilson V, Rupin M, Houé V, Vogel C; TRIO/BCIRG 001 investigators. Adjuvant docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in node-positive breast cancer: 10-year follow-up of the phase 3 randomised BCIRG 001 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Jan;14(1):72-80. Epub 2012 Dec 12. link to original article PubMed
  7. ECOG E5188: Davidson NE, O'Neill AM, Vukov AM, Osborne CK, Martino S, White DR, Abeloff MD. Chemoendocrine therapy for premenopausal women with axillary lymph node-positive, steroid hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: results from INT 0101 (E5188). J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;23(25):5973-82. Epub 2005 Aug 8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  8. INT-0102: Hutchins LF, Green SJ, Ravdin PM, Lew D, Martino S, Abeloff M, Lyss AP, Allred C, Rivkin SE, Osborne CK. Randomized, controlled trial of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil with and without tamoxifen for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer: treatment results of intergroup protocol INT-0102. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8313-21. link to original article PubMed
  9. JCOG 9208: Tokuda Y, Tajima T, Narabayashi M, Takeyama K, Watanabe T, Fukutomi T, Chou T, Sano M, Igarashi T, Sasaki Y, Ogura M, Miura S, Okamoto S, Ogita M, Kasai M, Kobayashi T, Fukuda H, Takashima S, Tobinai K; Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation Study Group; Breast Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). Phase III study to evaluate the use of high-dose chemotherapy as consolidation of treatment for high-risk postoperative breast cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group study, JCOG 9208. Cancer Sci. 2008 Jan;99(1):145-51. Epub 2007 Oct 25. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  10. SWOG-8814: Albain KS, Barlow WE, Ravdin PM, Farrar WB, Burton GV, Ketchel SJ, Cobau CD, Levine EG, Ingle JN, Pritchard KI, Lichter AS, Schneider DJ, Abeloff MD, Henderson IC, Muss HB, Green SJ, Lew D, Livingston RB, Martino S, Osborne CK; Breast Cancer Intergroup of North America. Adjuvant chemotherapy and timing of tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive, node-positive breast cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Dec 19;374(9707):2055-2063. Epub 2009 Dec 10. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  11. GEICAM 9805: Martín M, Seguí MA, Antón A, Ruiz A, Ramos M, Adrover E, Aranda I, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Grosse R, Calvo L, Barnadas A, Isla D, Martinez del Prado P, Ruiz Borrego M, Zaluski J, Arcusa A, Muñoz M, López Vega JM, Mel JR, Munarriz B, Llorca C, Jara C, Alba E, Florián J, Li J, López García-Asenjo JA, Sáez A, Rios MJ, Almenar S, Peiró G, Lluch A; GEICAM. Adjuvant docetaxel for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 2;363(23):2200-10. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  12. GEICAM 2003-02: Martín M, Ruiz A, Ruiz Borrego M, Barnadas A, González S, Calvo L, Margelí Vila M, Antón A, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Seguí-Palmer MA, Muñoz-Mateu M, Dorca Ribugent J, López-Vega JM, Jara C, Espinosa E, Mendiola Fernández C, Andrés R, Ribelles N, Plazaola A, Sánchez-Rovira P, Salvador Bofill J, Crespo C, Carabantes FJ, Servitja S, Chacón JI, Rodríguez CA, Hernando B, Álvarez I, Carrasco E, Lluch A. Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) versus FAC followed by weekly paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer: results from the GEICAM/2003-02 study. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jul 10;31(20):2593-9. Epub 2013 Jun 3. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  13. MINDACT: Delaloge S, Piccart M, Rutgers E, Litière S, van 't Veer LJ, van den Berkmortel F, Brain E, Dudek-Peric A, Gil-Gil M, Gomez P, Hilbers FS, Khalil Z, Knox S, Kuemmel S, Kunz G, Lesur A, Pierga JY, Ravdin P, Rubio IT, Saghatchian M, Smilde TJ, Thompson AM, Viale G, Zoppoli G, Vuylsteke P, Tryfonidis K, Poncet C, Bogaerts J, Cardoso F; MINDACT investigators and the TRANSBIG Consortium. Standard Anthracycline Based Versus Docetaxel-Capecitabine in Early High Clinical and/or Genomic Risk Breast Cancer in the EORTC 10041/BIG 3-04 MINDACT Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;38(11):1186-1197. Epub 2020 Feb 21. link to original article contains dosing details in supplement link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

FEC

FEC: Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide
CEF: Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, Fluorouracil

Regimen variant #1, 500/50/500 x 6 ("FEC 50")

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Hurteloup 1988 (FESG) 1982-1984 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FAC Did not meet endpoint of OS50%
Fumoleau et al. 2003 (FASG 01) 1986-1990 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. FEC; FEC 50 x 3 Might have superior OS
2. FEC; FEC 75 x 3 Did not meet primary endpoint of OS120
Héry et al. 2006 (FASG 03) 1988-1994 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS120
Arriagada et al. 2005 1989-1996 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Superior DFS
Bonneterre 2001 (FASG 05) 1990-1993 Phase 3 (C) FEC; FEC 100 x 6 Inferior OS
Roché et al. 2006 (FASG 06) 1990-1998 Phase 3 (C) Goserelin & Tamoxifen x 3y Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 500/60/500 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Rouëssé et al. 2006 1994-1999 Phase 3 (C) FNC & RT Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #3, 500/100/500 x 4 ("FEC 100")

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kerbrat et al. 2017 (UCBG-0106) 2002-2006 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) FEC; FEC 100 x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60

Note: this is an experimental arm that did not meet its primary endpoint; included here because it represents a de-escalation strategy.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #4, 500/100/500 x 6 ("FEC 100")

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bonneterre 2001 (FASG 05) 1990-1993 Phase 3 (E-RT-esc) FEC; FEC 50 x 6 Superior OS
Kerbrat et al. 2007 (FASG 09) 1993-1998 Phase 3 (C) VE Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Roché et al. 2006 (FNCLCC PACS 01) 1997-2000 Phase 3 (C) FEC-D Inferior OS1
Delbaldo et al. 2013 (Trial B2000) 2000-2002 Phase 3 (C) FEC-P Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Nitz et al. 2014 (WSG-AGO EC-Doc) 2000-2005 Phase 3 (C) EC-D Seems to have inferior OS
Spielmann et al. 2009 (FNCLCC PACS 04) 2001-2004 Phase 3 (C) ED Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS2
Kerbrat et al. 2017 (UCBG-0106) 2002-2006 Phase 3 (C) FEC; FEC 100 x 4 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60
Sakr et al. 2013 2006-2010 Phase 3 (C) FEC-D Seems to have inferior OS
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

1Reported efficacy for FNCLCC PACS 01 is based on the 2012 update.
2Reported efficacy for FNCLCC PACS 04 is based on the 2019 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #5, 600/50/600 x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Coombes et al. 1996 1984-1992 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) CMF Did not meet primary endpoints of RFS/OS
Coombes et al. 2016 (HMFEC) 1992-2000 Phase 3 (C) FEC; FEC 75 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Note: this is an experimental arm that did not meet its primary endpoint; included here because other variants of this regimen have demonstrated comparative superiority.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #6, 600/60/600 x 3

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Joensuu et al. 2006 (FinHer) 2000-2003 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles


Regimen variant #7, 600/60/600 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
van der Hage et al. 2001 (EORTC 10902) 1991-1999 Phase 3 (C) FEC; neoadjuvant Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #8, 600/60/600 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Venturini et al. 2005 (MIG-1) 1992-1997 Phase 3 (C) ddFEC Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Sirohi et al. 2010 (TRAFIC) 1995-2002 Phase 3 (C) ECisF Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
del Mastro et al. 2016 (GONO-MIG5) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (C) EP x 4 Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #9, 600/60/600 x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ellis et al. 2009 (TACT) 2001-2003 Phase 3 (C) FEC-D Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles


Regimen variant #10, 600/60/600 x 9

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ejlertsen et al. 2007 (DBCG 89D) 1990-1998 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) CMF Superior OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 9 cycles


Regimen variant #12, 600/90/600 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Martín et al. 2008 (GEICAM 9906) 1999-2002 Phase 3 (C) FEC-P Inferior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #13, 700/75/700 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Polyzos et al. 2009 1995-2004 Phase 3 (C) D-EC Seems to have inferior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #14, 1000/50/500 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Paradiso et al. 2001 1989-1994 Phase 3 (E-esc) Observation Seems to have superior DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy


Regimen variant #15, 1000/120/740 x 6 ("Canadian CEF (IV)")

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #16, 1000/120/1050 x 6 ("FEC 120"; "Canadian CEF")

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Levine et al. 1998 (NCIC-CTG MA.5) 1989-1993 Phase 3 (E-RT-switch-ic) CMF Superior RFS
Coombes et al. 2005 (ICCG HDT trial) 1993-2001 Phase 3 (C) FEC x 3, then HDT Did not meet primary endpoints of RFS/EFS/OS
Burnell et al. 2009 (NCIC-CTG MA.21) 2000-2005 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC-T Superior RFS
RFS36: 90.1% vs 85%
(HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.89)
2. ddEC-T Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Janni et al. 2016 (ADEBAR) 2001-2005 Phase 3 (C) EC-D Did not meet primary endpoint of TTP
Delaloge et al. 2020 (MINDACT) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) TX Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #17, 1200/50/1200 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Coombes et al. 1996 1984-1992 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) CMF Did not meet primary endpoints of RFS/OS

Note: this is an experimental arm that did not meet its primary endpoint; however, based on a subgroup analysis, it became a preferred regimen.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. FESG: Hurteloup P; French Epirubicin Study Group. A prospective randomized phase III trial comparing combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and either doxorubicin or epirubicin. J Clin Oncol. 1988 Apr;6(4):679-88. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  2. Coombes RC, Bliss JM, Wils J, Morvan F, Espié M, Amadori D, Gambrosier P, Richards M, Aapro M, Villar-Grimalt A, McArdle C, Pérez-López FR, Vassilopoulos P, Ferreira EP, Chilvers CE, Coombes G, Woods EM, Marty M; International Collaborative Cancer Group. Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in premenopausal women with axillary node-positive operable breast cancer: results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Jan;14(1):35-45. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  3. NCIC-CTG MA.5: Levine MN, Bramwell VH, Pritchard KI, Norris BD, Shepherd LE, Abu-Zahra H, Findlay B, Warr D, Bowman D, Myles J, Arnold A, Vandenberg T, MacKenzie R, Robert J, Ottaway J, Burnell M, Williams CK, Tu D; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Randomized trial of intensive cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2651-8. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Levine MN, Pritchard KI, Bramwell VH, Shepherd LE, Tu D, Paul N; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Randomized trial comparing cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer: update of National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Trial MA5. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 1;23(22):5166-70. link to original article PubMed
    2. Subgroup analysis: Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O'Malley FP, Andrulis IL, Tu D, Bramwell VH, Levine MN; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 18;354(20):2103-11. link to original article PubMed
  4. FASG 05: Bonneterre J; French Adjuvant Study Group. Benefit of a high-dose epirubicin regimen in adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients with poor prognostic factors: 5-year follow-up results of French Adjuvant Study Group 05 randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 1;19(3):602-11. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
    1. Update: Bonneterre J, Roché H, Kerbrat P, Brémond A, Fumoleau P, Namer M, Goudier MJ, Schraub S, Fargeot P, Chapelle-Marcillac I. Epirubicin increases long-term survival in adjuvant chemotherapy of patients with poor-prognosis, node-positive, early breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results of the French Adjuvant Study Group 05 randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 20;23(12):2686-93. link to original article PubMed
  5. Paradiso A, Schittulli F, Cellamare G, Mangia A, Marzullo F, Lorusso V, De Lena M. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for patients with fast-proliferating, node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 1;19(19):3929-37. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  6. EORTC 10902: van der Hage JA, van de Velde CJ, Julien JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, Vandervelden C, Duchateau L. Preoperative chemotherapy in primary operable breast cancer: results from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 10902. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov 15;19(22):4224-37. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: van Nes JG, Putter H, Julien JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, van de Vijver M, Bogaerts J, de Vos M, van de Velde CJ; Cooperating Investigators of the EORTC. Preoperative chemotherapy is safe in early breast cancer, even after 10 years of follow-up; clinical and translational results from the EORTC trial 10902. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(1):101-13. Epub 2008 May 18. link to original article PubMed
  7. FASG 01: Fumoleau P, Kerbrat P, Romestaing P, Fargeot P, Brémond A, Namer M, Schraub S, Goudier MJ, Mihura J, Monnier A, Clavère P, Serin D, Seffert P, Pourny C, Facchini T, Jacquin JP, Sztermer JF, Datchary J, Ramos R, Luporsi E. Randomized trial comparing six versus three cycles of epirubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal, node-positive breast cancer patients: 10-year follow-up results of the French Adjuvant Study Group 01 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 15;21(2):298-305. link to original article PubMed
  8. Arriagada R, Spielmann M, Koscielny S, Le Chevalier T, Delozier T, Rémé-Saumon M, Ducourtieux M, Tursz T, Hill C. Results of two randomized trials evaluating adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy in 1146 patients with early breast cancer. Acta Oncol. 2005;44(5):458-66. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  9. ICCG HDT trial: Coombes RC, Howell A, Emson M, Peckitt C, Gallagher C, Bengala C, Tres A, Welch R, Lawton P, Rubens R, Woods E, Haviland J, Vigushin D, Kanfer E, Bliss JM. High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation as adjuvant therapy for primary breast cancer patients with four or more lymph nodes involved: long-term results of an international randomised trial. Ann Oncol. 2005 May;16(5):726-34. Epub 2005 Apr 7. link to original article PubMed
  10. MIG-1: Venturini M, Del Mastro L, Aitini E, Baldini E, Caroti C, Contu A, Testore F, Brema F, Pronzato P, Cavazzini G, Sertoli MR, Canavese G, Rosso R, Bruzzi P; Mammella InterGruppo. Dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients: results from a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Dec 7;97(23):1724-33. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
    1. Update: Blondeaux E, Lambertini M, Michelotti A, Conte B, Benasso M, Dellepiane C, Bighin C, Pastorino S, Levaggi A, Alonzo A, Poggio F, Buzzatti G, Molinelli C, Fregatti P, Bertoglio S, Boccardo F, Del Mastro L. Dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients: 15-year results of the Phase 3 Mammella InterGruppo (MIG)-1 study. Br J Cancer. 2020 May;122(11):1611-1617. Epub 2020 Mar 31. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  11. FinHer: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P, Alanko T, Kataja V, Asola R, Utriainen T, Kokko R, Hemminki A, Tarkkanen M, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Jyrkkiö S, Flander M, Helle L, Ingalsuo S, Johansson K, Jääskeläinen AS, Pajunen M, Rauhala M, Kaleva-Kerola J, Salminen T, Leinonen M, Elomaa I, Isola J; FinHer Study Investigators. Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 23;354(8):809-20. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed ISRCTN76560285
    1. Update: Joensuu H, Bono P, Kataja V, Alanko T, Kokko R, Asola R, Utriainen T, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Jyrkkiö S, Möykkynen K, Helle L, Ingalsuo S, Pajunen M, Huusko M, Salminen T, Auvinen P, Leinonen H, Leinonen M, Isola J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide with either docetaxel or vinorelbine, with or without trastuzumab, as adjuvant treatments of breast cancer: final results of the FinHer trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5685-92. link to original article PubMed
  12. FASG 06: Roché H, Kerbrat P, Bonneterre J, Fargeot P, Fumoleau P, Monnier A, Clavère P, Goudier MJ, Chollet P, Guastalla JP, Serin D. Complete hormonal blockade versus epirubicin-based chemotherapy in premenopausal, one to three node-positive, and hormone-receptor positive, early breast cancer patients: 7-year follow-up results of French Adjuvant Study Group 06 randomised trial. Ann Oncol. 2006 Aug;17(8):1221-7. Epub 2006 May 26. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  13. FASG 03: Héry M, Bonneterre J, Roché H, Luporsi E, Kerbrat P, Namer M, Fumoleau P, Monnier A, Fargeot P. Epirubicin-based chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for poor prognosis, node-negative breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results of the French Adjuvant Study Group 03 trial. Bull Cancer. 2006 Oct;93(10):E109-14. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  14. Rouëssé J, de la Lande B, Bertheault-Cvitkovic F, Serin D, Graïc Y, Combe M, Leduc B, Lucas V, Demange L, Nguyen TD, Castèra D, Krzisch C, Villet R, Mouret-Fourme E, Garbay JR, Noguès C; Centre René Huguenin Breast Cancer Group. A phase III randomized trial comparing adjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in operable node-positive breast cancer: final results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Mar 15;64(4):1072-80. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  15. FNCLCC PACS 01: Roché H, Fumoleau P, Spielmann M, Canon JL, Delozier T, Serin D, Symann M, Kerbrat P, Soulié P, Eichler F, Viens P, Monnier A, Vindevoghel A, Campone M, Goudier MJ, Bonneterre J, Ferrero JM, Martin AL, Genève J, Asselain B. Sequential adjuvant epirubicin-based and docetaxel chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients: the FNCLCC PACS 01 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 20;24(36):5664-71. Epub 2006 Nov 20. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Coudert B, Asselain B, Campone M, Spielmann M, Machiels JP, Pénault-Llorca F, Serin D, Lévy C, Romieu G, Canon JL, Orfeuvre H, Piot G, Petit T, Jerusalem G, Audhuy B, Veyret C, Beauduin M, Eymard JC, Martin AL, Roché H; UNICANCER Breast Group. Extended benefit from sequential administration of docetaxel after standard fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide regimen for node-positive breast cancer: the 8-year follow-up results of the UNICANCER-PACS01 trial. Oncologist. 2012;17(7):900-9. Epub 2012 May 18. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  16. DBCG 89D: Ejlertsen B, Mouridsen HT, Jensen MB, Andersen J, Cold S, Edlund P, Ewertz M, Jensen BB, Kamby C, Nordenskjold B, Bergh J. Improved outcome from substituting methotrexate with epirubicin: results from a randomised comparison of CMF versus CEF in patients with primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2007 Mar;43(5):877-84. Epub 2007 Feb 16. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  17. FASG 09: Kerbrat P, Roché H, Bonneterre J, Veyret C, Lortholary A, Monnier A, Fumoleau P, Fargeot P, Namer M, Chollet P, Goudier MJ, Audhuy B, Simon H, Montcuquet P, Eymard JC, Walter S, Clavère P, Guastalla JP; French Adjuvant Study Group. Epirubicin-vinorelbine vs FEC100 for node-positive, early breast cancer: French Adjuvant Study Group 09 trial. Br J Cancer. 2007 Jun 4;96(11):1633-8. Epub 2007 May 15. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  18. GEICAM 9906: Martín M, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Ruiz A, Alba E, Calvo L, Ruiz-Borrego M, Munárriz B, Rodríguez CA, Crespo C, de Alava E, López García-Asenjo JA, Guitián MD, Almenar S, González-Palacios JF, Vera F, Palacios J, Ramos M, Gracia Marco JM, Lluch A, Alvarez I, Seguí MA, Mayordomo JI, Antón A, Baena JM, Plazaola A, Modolell A, Pelegrí A, Mel JR, Aranda E, Adrover E, Alvarez JV, García Puche JL, Sánchez-Rovira P, Gonzalez S, López-Vega JM; GEICAM. Randomized phase 3 trial of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide alone or followed by paclitaxel for early breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Jun 4;100(11):805-14. Epub 2008 May 27. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  19. TACT: Ellis P, Barrett-Lee P, Johnson L, Cameron D, Wardley A, O'Reilly S, Verrill M, Smith I, Yarnold J, Coleman R, Earl H, Canney P, Twelves C, Poole C, Bloomfield D, Hopwood P, Johnston S, Dowsett M, Bartlett JM, Ellis I, Peckitt C, Hall E, Bliss JM; TACT Trial Management Group; TACT Trialists. Sequential docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (TACT): an open-label, phase III, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 May 16;373(9676):1681-92. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed ISRCTN79718493
  20. Polyzos A, Malamos N, Boukovinas I, Adamou A, Ziras N, Kalbakis K, Kakolyris S, Syrigos K, Papakotoulas P, Kouroussis C, Karvounis N, Vamvakas L, Christophyllakis C, Athanasiadis A, Varthalitis I, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D; Hellenic Oncology Research Group. FEC versus sequential docetaxel followed by epirubicin/cyclophosphamide as adjuvant chemotherapy in women with axillary node-positive early breast cancer: a randomized study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Jan;119(1):95-104. Epub 2009 Jul 28. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  21. NCIC-CTG MA.21: Burnell M, Levine MN, Chapman JA, Bramwell V, Gelmon K, Walley B, Vandenberg T, Chalchal H, Albain KS, Perez EA, Rugo H, Pritchard K, O'Brien P, Shepherd LE. Cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil versus dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel in node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 1;28(1):77-82. Epub 2009 Nov 9. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  22. FNCLCC PACS 04: Spielmann M, Roché H, Delozier T, Canon JL, Romieu G, Bourgeois H, Extra JM, Serin D, Kerbrat P, Machiels JP, Lortholary A, Orfeuvre H, Campone M, Hardy-Bessard AC, Coudert B, Maerevoet M, Piot G, Kramar A, Martin AL, Penault-Llorca F. Trastuzumab for patients with axillary-node-positive breast cancer: results of the FNCLCC-PACS 04 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 20;27(36):6129-34. Epub 2009 Nov 16. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: D'Hondt V, Canon JL, Roca L, Levy C, Pierga JY, Le Du F, Campone M, Desmoulins I, Goncalves A, Debled M, Rios M, Ferrero JM, Serin D, Hardy-Bessard AC, Piot G, Brain E, Dohollou N, Orfeuvre H, Lemonnier J, Roché H, Delaloge S, Dalenc F. UCBG 2-04: Long-term results of the PACS 04 trial evaluating adjuvant epirubicin plus docetaxel in node-positive breast cancer and trastuzumab in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive subgroup. Eur J Cancer. 2019 Nov;122:91-100. Epub 2019 Oct 18. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  23. TRAFIC: Sirohi B, A'Hern R, Coombes G, Bliss JM, Hickish T, Perren T, Crawford M, O'Brien M, Iveson T, Ebbs S, Skene A, Laing R, Smith IE. A randomised comparative trial of infusional ECisF versus conventional FEC as adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer: the TRAFIC trial. Ann Oncol. 2010 Aug;21(8):1623-9. Epub 2010 Jan 21. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed ISRCTN83324925
  24. Sakr H, Hamed RH, Anter AH, Yossef T. Sequential docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive or/and T3 or T4 breast cancer: clinical outcome (Mansoura University). Med Oncol. 2013 Mar;30(1):457. Epub 2013 Jan 16. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  25. AERO-B2000: Delbaldo C, Serin D, Mousseau M, Greget S, Audhuy B, Priou F, Berdah JF, Teissier E, Laplaige P, Zelek L, Quinaux E, Buyse M, Piedbois P; Association Européenne de Recherche en Oncologie (AERO). A phase III adjuvant randomised trial of 6 cycles of 5-fluorouracil-epirubicine-cyclophosphamide (FEC100) versus 4 FEC 100 followed by 4 Taxol (FEC-T) in node positive breast cancer patients (Trial B2000). Eur J Cancer. 2014 Jan;50(1):23-30. Epub 2013 Oct 29. link to original article PubMed
  26. WSG-AGO EC-Doc: Nitz U, Gluz O, Huober J, Kreipe HH, Kates RE, Hartmann A, Erber R, Moustafa Z, Scholz M, Lisboa B, Mohrmann S, Möbus V, Augustin D, Hoffmann G, Weiss E, Böhmer S, Kreienberg R, Du Bois A, Sattler D, Thomssen C, Kiechle M, Jänicke F, Wallwiener D, Harbeck N, Kuhn W. Final analysis of the prospective WSG-AGO EC-Doc versus FEC phase III trial in intermediate-risk (pN1) early breast cancer: efficacy and predictive value of Ki67 expression. Ann Oncol. 2014 Aug;25(8):1551-7. Epub 2014 May 14. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2017 Nov 1;28(11):2899. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  27. GIM2: Del Mastro L, De Placido S, Bruzzi P, De Laurentiis M, Boni C, Cavazzini G, Durando A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Valle E, Garrone O, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Barni S, Ardizzoni A, Gamucci T, Colantuoni G, Giuliano M, Gravina A, Papaldo P, Bighin C, Bisagni G, Forestieri V, Cognetti F; Gruppo Italiano Mammella. Fluorouracil and dose-dense chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer: an open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015 May 9;385(9980):1863-72. Epub 2015 Mar 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Del Mastro L, Poggio F, Blondeaux E, De Placido S, Giuliano M, Forestieri V, De Laurentiis M, Gravina A, Bisagni G, Rimanti A, Turletti A, Nisticò C, Vaccaro A, Cognetti F, Fabi A, Gasparro S, Garrone O, Alicicco MG, Urracci Y, Mansutti M, Poletti P, Correale P, Bighin C, Puglisi F, Montemurro F, Colantuoni G, Lambertini M, Boni L; Gruppo Italiano Mammella Investigators. Fluorouracil and dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer (GIM2): end-of-study results from a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Dec;23(12):1571-1582. Epub 2022 Nov 10. link to original article PubMed
  28. GONO-MIG5: Del Mastro L, Levaggi A, Michelotti A, Cavazzini G, Adami F, Scotto T, Piras M, Danese S, Garrone O, Durando A, Accortanzo V, Bighin C, Miglietta L, Pastorino S, Pronzato P, Castiglione F, Landucci E, Conte P, Bruzzi P. 5-Fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide versus epirubicin and paclitaxel in node-positive early breast cancer: a phase-III randomized GONO-MIG5 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2016 Jan;155(1):117-26. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  29. ADEBAR: Janni W, Harbeck N, Rack B, Augustin D, Jueckstock J, Wischnik A, Annecke K, Scholz C, Huober J, Zwingers T, Friedl TW, Kiechle M. Randomised phase III trial of FEC120 vs EC-docetaxel in patients with high-risk node-positive primary breast cancer: final survival analysis of the ADEBAR study. Br J Cancer. 2016 Apr 12;114(8):863-71. Epub 2016 Mar 31. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  30. HMFEC: Coombes RC, Kilburn LS, Tubiana-Mathieu N, Olmos T, Van Bochove A, Perez-Lopez FR, Palmieri C, Stebbing J, Bliss JM. Epirubicin dose and sequential hormonal therapy-Mature results of the HMFEC randomised phase III trial in premenopausal patients with node positive early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2016 Jun;60:146-53. Epub 2016 Apr 26. link to original article PubMed ISRCTN98335268
  31. UCBG-0106: Kerbrat P, Desmoulins I, Roca L, Levy C, Lortholary A, Marre A, Delva R, Rios M, Viens P, Brain É, Serin D, Edel M, Debled M, Campone M, Mourret-Reynier MA, Bachelot T, Foucher-Goudier MJ, Asselain B, Lemonnier J, Martin AL, Roché H. Optimal duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk node-negative (N-) breast cancer patients: 6-year results of the prospective randomised multicentre phase III UNICANCER-PACS 05 trial (UCBG-0106). Eur J Cancer. 2017 Jul;79:166-175. Epub 2017 May 11. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  32. MINDACT: Delaloge S, Piccart M, Rutgers E, Litière S, van 't Veer LJ, van den Berkmortel F, Brain E, Dudek-Peric A, Gil-Gil M, Gomez P, Hilbers FS, Khalil Z, Knox S, Kuemmel S, Kunz G, Lesur A, Pierga JY, Ravdin P, Rubio IT, Saghatchian M, Smilde TJ, Thompson AM, Viale G, Zoppoli G, Vuylsteke P, Tryfonidis K, Poncet C, Bogaerts J, Cardoso F; MINDACT investigators and the TRANSBIG Consortium. Standard Anthracycline Based Versus Docetaxel-Capecitabine in Early High Clinical and/or Genomic Risk Breast Cancer in the EORTC 10041/BIG 3-04 MINDACT Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;38(11):1186-1197. Epub 2020 Feb 21. link to original article contains dosing details in supplement link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

MMM

MMM: Mitomycin-C, Mitoxantrone, Methotrexate

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Fernando et al. 2019 (SECRAB) 1998-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1a. CMF & RT
1b. E-CMF & RT
1c. A-CMF & RT
1d. MMM & RT 		Inferior LRFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. SECRAB: Fernando IN, Bowden SJ, Herring K, Brookes CL, Ahmed I, Marshall A, Grieve R, Churn M, Spooner D, Latief TN, Agrawal RK, Brunt AM, Stevens A, Goodman A, Canney P, Bishop J, Ritchie D, Dunn J, Poole CJ, Rea DW; SECRAB Investigators. Synchronous versus sequential chemo-radiotherapy in patients with early stage breast cancer (SECRAB): A randomised, phase III, trial. Radiother Oncol. 2020 Jan;142:52-61. Epub 2019 Nov 27. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Paclitaxel monotherapy, weekly

T: Taxol (Paclitaxel)
P: Paclitaxel
pT: pacliTaxel
wP: weekly Paclitaxel
wT: weekly Taxol (Paclitaxel)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Shulman et al. 2012 (CALGB 40101) 2002-2008 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. AC x 4 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
2. AC x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
3. Paclitaxel; weekly x 18 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Budd et al. 2014 (SWOG S0221) 2003-2010 Phase 3 (C) ddT x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
Miller et al. 2018 (ECOG E5103) 2007-2011 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

Note: In CALGB 40101, this is the dosing before a mid-protocol amendment in 2003. This is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. CALGB 40101: Shulman LN, Cirrincione CT, Berry DA, Becker HP, Perez EA, O'Regan R, Martino S, Atkins JN, Mayer E, Schneider CJ, Kimmick G, Norton L, Muss H, Winer EP, Hudis C. Six cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide or paclitaxel are not superior to four cycles as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in women with zero to three positive axillary nodes: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 40101. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 20;30(33):4071-6. Epub 2012 Jul 23. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to study protocol PDF link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Shulman LN, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Becker HP, Perez EA, O'Regan R, Martino S, Shapiro CL, Schneider CJ, Kimmick G, Burstein HJ, Norton L, Muss H, Hudis CA, Winer EP. Comparison of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide versus single-agent paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in women with 0 to 3 positive axillary nodes: CALGB 40101 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2014 Aug 1;32(22):2311-7. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. SWOG S0221: Budd GT, Barlow WE, Moore HC, Hobday TJ, Stewart JA, Isaacs C, Salim M, Cho JK, Rinn KJ, Albain KS, Chew HK, Burton GV, Moore TD, Srkalovic G, McGregor BA, Flaherty LE, Livingston RB, Lew DL, Gralow JR, Hortobagyi GN. SWOG S0221: a phase III trial comparing chemotherapy schedules in high-risk early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jan 1;33(1):58-64. Epub 2014 Nov 24. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  3. ECOG E5103: Miller KD, O'Neill A, Gradishar W, Hobday TJ, Goldstein LJ, Mayer IA, Bloom S, Brufsky AM, Tevaarwerk AJ, Sparano JA, Le-Lindqwister NA, Hendricks CB, Northfelt DW, Dang CT, Sledge GW Jr. Double-blind phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab in patients with lymph node-positive and high-risk lymph node-negative breast cancer (E5103). J Clin Oncol. 2018 Sep 1;36(25):2621-2629. Epub 2018 Jul 24. link to original article refers to ECOG E1199 protocol link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

Paclitaxel monotherapy, dose-dense (q2wk)

ddT: dose-dense Taxol (Paclitaxel)
ddP: dose-dense Paclitaxel

Regimen variant #1, 175 mg/m2 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Shulman et al. 2012 (CALGB 40101) 2002-2008 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. ddAC x 4 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
2. ddAC x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
3. ddT x 6 Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS
Burstein et al. 2005 2003-2004 Non-randomized
Swain et al. 2013 (NSABP B-38) 2004-2007 Phase 3 (C) See link See link

Note: in CALGB 40101, this is the dosing after a mid-protocol amendment in 2003.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 12.5 to 50 mg IV once on day 1; 30 to 60 minutes prior to paclitaxel
  • One of the following H2 blockers:
  • One of the following dexamethasone choices:
  • Recommended growth factor support with one of the following:
    • Filgrastim (Neupogen) 5 mcg/kg (rounded to 300 mcg or 480 mcg, whichever is closer) SC once per day on days 3 to 10; may be discontinued before day 10 if ANC has recovered to an "acceptable range, as determined by the treating physician"
    • Sargramostim (Leukine) 250 to 500 mcg/m2 SC once per day on days 3 to 10; may be discontinued before day 10 if ANC has recovered to an "acceptable range, as determined by the treating physician"
    • Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) 6 mg SC once, given 24 to 36 hours after chemotherapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 175 mg/m2 x 6

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Budd et al. 2014 (SWOG S0221) 2003-2010 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Paclitaxel; weekly Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 6 cycles


Regimen variant #3, 200 mg/m2 x 4

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Kahan et al. 2005 2000-2003 Phase 2

Note: this is a component of a sequential treatment protocol; to our knowledge there are no references to support using it as a stand-alone treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

14-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Kahan Z, Uhercsak G, Hajnal-Papp R, Boda K, Thurzo L. Dose-dense sequential adriamycin-paclitaxel-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is well tolerated and safe in high-risk early breast cancer. Oncology. 2005;68(4-6):446-53. Epub 2005 Jul 13. link to original article PubMed
    1. Update: Kelemen G, Uhercsák G, Ormándi K, Eller J, Thurzó L, Kahán Z. Long-term efficiency and toxicity of adjuvant dose-dense sequential adriamycin-Paclitaxel-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer. Oncology. 2010;78(3-4):271-3. Epub 2010 Jun 7. link to original article PubMed
  2. Burstein HJ, Parker LM, Keshaviah A, Doherty J, Partridge AH, Schapira L, Ryan PD, Younger J, Harris LN, Moy B, Come SE, Schumer ST, Bunnell CA, Haldoupis M, Gelman R, Winer EP. Efficacy of pegfilgrastim and darbepoetin alfa as hematopoietic support for dose-dense every-2-week adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8340-7. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  3. CALGB 40101: Shulman LN, Cirrincione CT, Berry DA, Becker HP, Perez EA, O'Regan R, Martino S, Atkins JN, Mayer E, Schneider CJ, Kimmick G, Norton L, Muss H, Winer EP, Hudis C. Six cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide or paclitaxel are not superior to four cycles as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in women with zero to three positive axillary nodes: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 40101. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 20;30(33):4071-6. Epub 2012 Jul 23. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to study protocol PDF link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Shulman LN, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Becker HP, Perez EA, O'Regan R, Martino S, Shapiro CL, Schneider CJ, Kimmick G, Burstein HJ, Norton L, Muss H, Hudis CA, Winer EP. Comparison of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide versus single-agent paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in women with 0 to 3 positive axillary nodes: CALGB 40101 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2014 Aug 1;32(22):2311-7. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  4. NSABP B-38: Swain SM, Tang G, Geyer CE Jr, Rastogi P, Atkins JN, Donnellan PP, Fehrenbacher L, Azar CA, Robidoux A, Polikoff JA, Brufsky AM, Biggs DD, Levine EA, Zapas JL, Provencher L, Northfelt DW, Paik S, Costantino JP, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Definitive results of a phase III adjuvant trial comparing three chemotherapy regimens in women with operable, node-positive breast cancer: the NSABP B-38 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 10;31(26):3197-204. Epub 2013 Aug 12. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  5. SWOG S0221: Budd GT, Barlow WE, Moore HC, Hobday TJ, Stewart JA, Isaacs C, Salim M, Cho JK, Rinn KJ, Albain KS, Chew HK, Burton GV, Moore TD, Srkalovic G, McGregor BA, Flaherty LE, Livingston RB, Lew DL, Gralow JR, Hortobagyi GN. SWOG S0221: a phase III trial comparing chemotherapy schedules in high-risk early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jan 1;33(1):58-64. Epub 2014 Nov 24. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry

TAC (Docetaxel)

TAC: Taxotere (Docetaxel), Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide
ACT: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide, Taxotere (Docetaxel)

Regimen variant #1, 4 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Swain et al. 2010 (NSABP B-30) 1999-2004 Phase 3 (C) 1. AC-D Might have inferior OS
2. AT Not reported

Note: this was a mid-protocol dosing amendment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 6 cycles

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Martin et al. 2005 (BCIRG 001) 1997-1999 Phase 3 (E-RT-switch-ic) FAC Superior OS1
OS120: 76% vs 69%
(HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.90)
Martín et al. 2010 (GEICAM 9805) 1999-2003 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) FAC Superior DFS
(HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.93)
Eiermann et al. 2011 (BCIRG-005) 2000-2003 Phase 3 (C) AC-D Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS60
Swain et al. 2013 (NSABP B-38) 2004-2007 Phase 3 (C) 1. ddAC, then ddP Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
2. ddAC, then ddPG Did not meet primary endpoint of DFS
van Rossum et al. 2018 (MATADOR) 2004-2012 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) ddAC Did not meet secondary endpoints of RFS/OS
Blum et al. 2017 (USOR 06-090) 2007-2009 Phase 3 (C) TC Seems to have superior IDFS
Blum et al. 2017 (NSABP-46-I/USOR 07132) 2009-2012 Phase 3 (C) TC Seems to have superior IDFS
Blum et al. 2017 (NSABP B-49) 2012-2013 Phase 3 (C) TC Seems to have superior IDFS

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2012 update.
Note: Blum et al. 2017 is a pooled analysis of three RCTs, some of which had arms other than TAC and TC. Refer to the paper for further details.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. BCIRG 001: Martín M, Pienkowski T, Mackey J, Pawlicki M, Guastalla JP, Weaver C, Tomiak E, Al-Tweigeri T, Chap L, Juhos E, Guevin R, Howell A, Fornander T, Hainsworth J, Coleman R, Vinholes J, Modiano M, Pinter T, Tang SC, Colwell B, Prady C, Provencher L, Walde D, Rodriguez-Lescure A, Hugh J, Loret C, Rupin M, Blitz S, Jacobs P, Murawsky M, Riva A, Vogel C; Breast Cancer International Research Group. Adjuvant docetaxel for node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 2;352(22):2302-13. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Mackey JR, Martín M, Pienkowski T, Rolski J, Guastalla JP, Sami A, Glaspy J, Juhos E, Wardley A, Fornander T, Hainsworth J, Coleman R, Modiano MR, Vinholes J, Pinter T, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Colwell B, Whitlock P, Provencher L, Laing K, Walde D, Price C, Hugh JC, Childs BH, Bassi K, Lindsay MA, Wilson V, Rupin M, Houé V, Vogel C; TRIO/BCIRG 001 investigators. Adjuvant docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in node-positive breast cancer: 10-year follow-up of the phase 3 randomised BCIRG 001 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Jan;14(1):72-80. Epub 2012 Dec 12. link to original article PubMed
  2. NSABP B-30: Swain SM, Jeong JH, Geyer CE Jr, Costantino JP, Pajon ER, Fehrenbacher L, Atkins JN, Polikoff J, Vogel VG, Erban JK, Rastogi P, Livingston RB, Perez EA, Mamounas EP, Land SR, Ganz PA, Wolmark N. Longer therapy, iatrogenic amenorrhea, and survival in early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 3;362(22):2053-65. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  3. GEICAM 9805: Martín M, Seguí MA, Antón A, Ruiz A, Ramos M, Adrover E, Aranda I, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Grosse R, Calvo L, Barnadas A, Isla D, Martinez del Prado P, Ruiz Borrego M, Zaluski J, Arcusa A, Muñoz M, López Vega JM, Mel JR, Munarriz B, Llorca C, Jara C, Alba E, Florián J, Li J, López García-Asenjo JA, Sáez A, Rios MJ, Almenar S, Peiró G, Lluch A; GEICAM. Adjuvant docetaxel for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 2;363(23):2200-10. link to original article PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  4. BCIRG-005: Eiermann W, Pienkowski T, Crown J, Sadeghi S, Martín M, Chan A, Saleh M, Sehdev S, Provencher L, Semiglazov V, Press M, Sauter G, Lindsay MA, Riva A, Buyse M, Drevot P, Taupin H, Mackey JR. Phase III study of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide with concomitant versus sequential docetaxel as adjuvant treatment in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-normal, node-positive breast cancer: BCIRG-005 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Oct 10;29(29):3877-84. Epub 2011 Sep 12. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
    1. Update: Mackey JR, Pieńkowski T, Crown J, Sadeghi S, Martín M, Chan A, Saleh M, Sehdev S, Provencher L, Semiglazov V, Press MF, Sauter G, Lindsay M, Houé V, Buyse M, Drevot P, Hitier S, Bensfia S, Eiermann W; Translational Research In Oncology (TRIO)/ Breast Cancer International Research Group (BCIRG)-005 investigators. Long-term outcomes after adjuvant treatment of sequential versus combination docetaxel with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in node-positive breast cancer: BCIRG-005 randomized trial. Ann Oncol. 2016 Jun;27(6):1041-7. Epub 2016 Mar 2. link to original article PubMed
  5. NSABP B-38: Swain SM, Tang G, Geyer CE Jr, Rastogi P, Atkins JN, Donnellan PP, Fehrenbacher L, Azar CA, Robidoux A, Polikoff JA, Brufsky AM, Biggs DD, Levine EA, Zapas JL, Provencher L, Northfelt DW, Paik S, Costantino JP, Mamounas EP, Wolmark N. Definitive results of a phase III adjuvant trial comparing three chemotherapy regimens in women with operable, node-positive breast cancer: the NSABP B-38 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 10;31(26):3197-204. Epub 2013 Aug 12. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  6. USOR 06-090: Blum JL, Flynn PJ, Yothers G, Asmar L, Geyer CE Jr, Jacobs SA, Robert NJ, Hopkins JO, O'Shaughnessy JA, Dang CT, Gómez HL, Fehrenbacher L, Vukelja SJ, Lyss AP, Paul D, Brufsky AM, Jeong JH, Colangelo LH, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Jones SE, Wolmark N. Anthracyclines in early breast cancer: The ABC trials-USOR 06-090, NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132, and NSABP B-49 (NRG Oncology). J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2647-2655. Epub 2017 Apr 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  7. NSABP-46-I/USOR 07132: Blum JL, Flynn PJ, Yothers G, Asmar L, Geyer CE Jr, Jacobs SA, Robert NJ, Hopkins JO, O'Shaughnessy JA, Dang CT, Gómez HL, Fehrenbacher L, Vukelja SJ, Lyss AP, Paul D, Brufsky AM, Jeong JH, Colangelo LH, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Jones SE, Wolmark N. Anthracyclines in early breast cancer: The ABC trials-USOR 06-090, NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132, and NSABP B-49 (NRG Oncology). J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2647-2655. Epub 2017 Apr 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  8. NSABP B-49: Blum JL, Flynn PJ, Yothers G, Asmar L, Geyer CE Jr, Jacobs SA, Robert NJ, Hopkins JO, O'Shaughnessy JA, Dang CT, Gómez HL, Fehrenbacher L, Vukelja SJ, Lyss AP, Paul D, Brufsky AM, Jeong JH, Colangelo LH, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Jones SE, Wolmark N. Anthracyclines in early breast cancer: The ABC trials-USOR 06-090, NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132, and NSABP B-49 (NRG Oncology). J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 10;35(23):2647-2655. Epub 2017 Apr 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed Clinical Trial Registry
  9. MATADOR: van Rossum AGJ, Kok M, van Werkhoven E, Opdam M, Mandjes IAM, van Leeuwen-Stok AE, van Tinteren H, Imholz ALT, Portielje JEA, Bos MMEM, van Bochove A, Wesseling J, Rutgers EJ, Linn SC, Oosterkamp HM; MATADOR Trialists' Group. Adjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide versus docetaxel-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide for high-risk breast cancer: first results of the randomised MATADOR trial (BOOG 2004-04). Eur J Cancer. 2018 Oct;102:40-48. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed ISRCTN61893718
  10. PUMCH-Breast-TCX: Clinical Trial Registry

Vinorelbine monotherapy

V: Vinorelbine

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Joensuu et al. 2006 (FinHer) 2000-2003 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Docetaxel Inferior DDFS

Note: Patients without HER2/neu amplification were only randomized to this arm verus the docetaxel arm.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

  • Vinorelbine (Navelbine) as follows:
    • Cycles 1 & 2: 25 mg/m2 IV over 5 to 10 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15
    • Cycle 3: 25 mg/m2 IV over 5 to 10 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. FinHer: Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P, Alanko T, Kataja V, Asola R, Utriainen T, Kokko R, Hemminki A, Tarkkanen M, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Jyrkkiö S, Flander M, Helle L, Ingalsuo S, Johansson K, Jääskeläinen AS, Pajunen M, Rauhala M, Kaleva-Kerola J, Salminen T, Leinonen M, Elomaa I, Isola J; FinHer Study Investigators. Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 23;354(8):809-20. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed ISRCTN76560285
    1. Update: Joensuu H, Bono P, Kataja V, Alanko T, Kokko R, Asola R, Utriainen T, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Jyrkkiö S, Möykkynen K, Helle L, Ingalsuo S, Pajunen M, Huusko M, Salminen T, Auvinen P, Leinonen H, Leinonen M, Isola J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide with either docetaxel or vinorelbine, with or without trastuzumab, as adjuvant treatments of breast cancer: final results of the FinHer trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5685-92. link to original article PubMed