Difference between revisions of "Soft tissue sarcoma"

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*Patients could receive diuretics at physician discretion for peripheral edema related to docetaxel
 
*Patients could receive diuretics at physician discretion for peripheral edema related to docetaxel
 
*One of the following growth factors (varies depending on reference):
 
*One of the following growth factors (varies depending on reference):
−
**[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] 150 mcg/m<sup>2</sup> (dose rounded to 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day on days 9 to 15 as primary neutropenia prophylaxis; could be stopped before day 15 if ANC greater than 1200/uL on two separate measurements
+
**[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] (type not specified) 150 mcg/m<sup>2</sup> (dose rounded to 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day on days 9 to 15 as primary neutropenia prophylaxis; could be stopped before day 15 if ANC greater than 1200/uL on two separate measurements
 
**[[Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)]] 6 mg SC once on either day 9 or 10
 
**[[Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)]] 6 mg SC once on either day 9 or 10
  
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*[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1, given simultaneously with the first dose of [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]], then 1500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day IV continuous infusion over 96 hours
 
*[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1, given simultaneously with the first dose of [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]], then 1500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day IV continuous infusion over 96 hours
 
***Each day's dose is given in 2 liters of D5W with 100 mEq/L sodium acetate, 20 mEq/L potassium acetate, and 4 mEq/L magnesium sulfate
 
***Each day's dose is given in 2 liters of D5W with 100 mEq/L sodium acetate, 20 mEq/L potassium acetate, and 4 mEq/L magnesium sulfate
−
*[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] 5 mcg/kg (dose rounded to 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day, starting on day 5, given until ANC is at least 10,000/uL
+
*[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] (type not specified) 5 mcg/kg (dose rounded to 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day, starting on day 5, given until ANC is at least 10,000/uL
  
 
'''21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles'''
 
'''21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles'''
Line 851: Line 851:
 
**Before first [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] infusion: D5 1/2 NS IV at rate of 200 mL/m<sup>2</sup>/hr IV until urine output > 2 mL/kg/hr
 
**Before first [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] infusion: D5 1/2 NS IV at rate of 200 mL/m<sup>2</sup>/hr IV until urine output > 2 mL/kg/hr
 
**With [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] infusion: D5 1/2 NS with 10 mEq KCL/L IV at rate of 125 mL/m<sup>2</sup>/hr IV beginning immediately after ifosfamide infusion and continuing until next ifosfamide dose, or until 24 hours after last dose.
 
**With [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] infusion: D5 1/2 NS with 10 mEq KCL/L IV at rate of 125 mL/m<sup>2</sup>/hr IV beginning immediately after ifosfamide infusion and continuing until next ifosfamide dose, or until 24 hours after last dose.
−
*[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] 5 mcg/kg (max 480 mcg) SC once per day, starting on day 4, given until ANC is at least 2000/uL after nadir. Filgrastim should not be administered within 24 hours of chemotherapy.
+
*[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] (type not specified) 5 mcg/kg (max 480 mcg) SC once per day, starting on day 4, given until ANC is at least 2000/uL after nadir. Filgrastim should not be administered within 24 hours of chemotherapy.
  
 
'''21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles'''
 
'''21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles'''
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====Supportive medications====
 
====Supportive medications====
 
*[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 1500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV continuous infusion over 120 hours, started on day 1, '''given with [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]]''' (total dose per cycle: 7500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>)  
 
*[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 1500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV continuous infusion over 120 hours, started on day 1, '''given with [[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]]''' (total dose per cycle: 7500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>)  
−
*[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] 5 mcg/kg SC once per day on days 6 to 15 or "until recovery of leukocytes"
+
*[[:Category:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors|G-CSF]] (type not specified) 5 mcg/kg SC once per day on days 6 to 15 or "until recovery of leukocytes"
 
*[[Ondansetron (Zofran)]] 8 to 24 mg/day (route not specified) prn nausea
 
*[[Ondansetron (Zofran)]] 8 to 24 mg/day (route not specified) prn nausea
 
*[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] (dose/schedule not specified) for antiemesis if necessary
 
*[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] (dose/schedule not specified) for antiemesis if necessary

Revision as of 15:47, 21 February 2020

Section editor
Elizabethdavis2.jpg
 Elizabeth J. Davis, MD
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN
Social-twitter-icon.pngejdavis25
19 regimens on this page
28 variants on this page

Are you looking for a regimen but can't find it here? It is possible that we've moved it to the historical regimens page. If you still can't find it, please let us know so we can add it!.
Note: this page is for subtype-nonspecific soft tissue sarcoma regimens, some subtypes with very few subtype-specific regimens, as well as for sarcomas that are not readily categorized, e.g., alveolar soft part sarcoma. Please see the category page for links to other sarcoma types or use one of these links:


Guidelines

ESMO

ESMO/EURACAN

NCCN

Neoadjuvant therapy

Epirubicin & Ifosfamide

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gronchi et al. 2012 Non-randomized portion of RCT
Gronchi et al. 2017 (ISG-STS 1001) Phase III (C) Histotype-tailored therapy Superior DFS

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) 1000 mg/m2 IV every 3 hours to every 4 hours on days 1 to 3

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Gronchi A, Frustaci S, Mercuri M, Martin J, Lopez-Pousa A, Verderio P, Mariani L, Valagussa P, Miceli R, Stacchiotti S, Dei Tos AP, De Paoli A, Longhi A, Poveda A, Quagliuolo V, Comandone A, Casali PG, Picci P. Short, full-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk adult soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized clinical trial from the Italian Sarcoma Group and the Spanish Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar 10;30(8):850-6. Epub 2012 Feb 6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. ISG-STS 1001: Gronchi A, Ferrari S, Quagliuolo V, Broto JM, Pousa AL, Grignani G, Basso U, Blay JY, Tendero O, Beveridge RD, Ferraresi V, Lugowska I, Merlo DF, Fontana V, Marchesi E, Donati DM, Palassini E, Palmerini E, De Sanctis R, Morosi C, Stacchiotti S, Bagué S, Coindre JM, Dei Tos AP, Picci P, Bruzzi P, Casali PG. Histotype-tailored neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (ISG-STS 1001): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Jun;18(6):812-822. Epub 2017 May 9. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

EIA

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EIA: Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Issels et al. 2010 (EORTC 62961/ESHO 95) Phase III (C) EIA & regional hypertheremia Seems to have inferior OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. EORTC 62961/ESHO 95: Issels RD, Lindner LH, Verweij J, Wust P, Reichardt P, Schem BC, Abdel-Rahman S, Daugaard S, Salat C, Wendtner CM, Vujaskovic Z, Wessalowski R, Jauch KW, Dürr HR, Ploner F, Baur-Melnyk A, Mansmann U, Hiddemann W, Blay JY, Hohenberger P; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (EORTC-STBSG); European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO). Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy alone or with regional hyperthermia for localised high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised phase 3 multicentre study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jun;11(6):561-70. Epub 2010 Apr 29. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Issels RD, Lindner LH, Verweij J, Wessalowski R, Reichardt P, Wust P, Ghadjar P, Hohenberger P, Angele M, Salat C, Vujaskovic Z, Daugaard S, Mella O, Mansmann U, Dürr HR, Knösel T, Abdel-Rahman S, Schmidt M, Hiddemann W, Jauch KW, Belka C, Gronchi A; European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer-Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group and the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus regional hyperthermia on long-term outcomes among patients with localized high-risk soft tissue sarcoma: the EORTC 62961-ESHO 95 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Apr 1;4(4):483-492. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Adjuvant therapy

EIA

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EIA: Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Issels et al. 2010 (EORTC 62961/ESHO 95) Phase III (C) EIA & regional hypertheremia Seems to have inferior OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. EORTC 62961/ESHO 95: Issels RD, Lindner LH, Verweij J, Wust P, Reichardt P, Schem BC, Abdel-Rahman S, Daugaard S, Salat C, Wendtner CM, Vujaskovic Z, Wessalowski R, Jauch KW, Dürr HR, Ploner F, Baur-Melnyk A, Mansmann U, Hiddemann W, Blay JY, Hohenberger P; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (EORTC-STBSG); European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO). Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy alone or with regional hyperthermia for localised high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised phase 3 multicentre study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jun;11(6):561-70. Epub 2010 Apr 29. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Issels RD, Lindner LH, Verweij J, Wessalowski R, Reichardt P, Wust P, Ghadjar P, Hohenberger P, Angele M, Salat C, Vujaskovic Z, Daugaard S, Mella O, Mansmann U, Dürr HR, Knösel T, Abdel-Rahman S, Schmidt M, Hiddemann W, Jauch KW, Belka C, Gronchi A; European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer-Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group and the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus regional hyperthermia on long-term outcomes among patients with localized high-risk soft tissue sarcoma: the EORTC 62961-ESHO 95 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Apr 1;4(4):483-492. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Observation

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bramwell et al. 1994 (EORTC 62771) Phase III (C) CYVADIC Inferior RFS
Gronchi et al. 2012 Phase III (C) EI Non-inferior OS
Woll et al. 2012 (EORTC 62931) Phase III (C) AI Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Pautier et al. 2012 (SARCGYN) Phase III (C) API Seems to have inferior DFS
Hensley et al. 2018 (GOG-0277) Phase III (C) GD, then Doxorubicin Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

No further treatment.

Preceding treatment

References

  1. EORTC 62771: Bramwell V, Rouesse J, Steward W, Santoro A, Schraffordt-Koops H, Buesa J, Ruka W, Priario J, Wagener T, Burgers M, Van Unnik J, Contesso G, Thomas D, Van Glabbeke M, Markham D, Pinedo H. Adjuvant CYVADIC chemotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcoma--reduced local recurrence but no improvement in survival: a study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 1994 Jun;12(6):1137-49. link to original article PubMed
    1. Pooled update: Le Cesne A, Ouali M, Leahy MG, Santoro A, Hoekstra HJ, Hohenberger P, Van Coevorden F, Rutkowski P, Van Hoesel R, Verweij J, Bonvalot S, Steward WP, Gronchi A, Hogendoorn PC, Litiere S, Marreaud S, Blay JY, Van Der Graaf WT. Doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma: pooled analysis of two STBSG-EORTC phase III clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2014 Dec;25(12):2425-32. Epub 2014 Oct 6. link to original article PubMed
  2. Gronchi A, Frustaci S, Mercuri M, Martin J, Lopez-Pousa A, Verderio P, Mariani L, Valagussa P, Miceli R, Stacchiotti S, Dei Tos AP, De Paoli A, Longhi A, Poveda A, Quagliuolo V, Comandone A, Casali PG, Picci P. Short, full-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk adult soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized clinical trial from the Italian Sarcoma Group and the Spanish Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Mar 10;30(8):850-6. Epub 2012 Feb 6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. EORTC 62931: Woll PJ, Reichardt P, Le Cesne A, Bonvalot S, Azzarelli A, Hoekstra HJ, Leahy M, Van Coevorden F, Verweij J, Hogendoorn PC, Ouali M, Marreaud S, Bramwell VH, Hohenberger P; EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group and the NCIC Clinical Trials Group Sarcoma Disease Site Committee. Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and lenograstim for resected soft-tissue sarcoma (EORTC 62931): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Oct;13(10):1045-54. Epub 2012 Sep 4. link to original article PubMed
    1. Pooled update: Le Cesne A, Ouali M, Leahy MG, Santoro A, Hoekstra HJ, Hohenberger P, Van Coevorden F, Rutkowski P, Van Hoesel R, Verweij J, Bonvalot S, Steward WP, Gronchi A, Hogendoorn PC, Litiere S, Marreaud S, Blay JY, Van Der Graaf WT. Doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma: pooled analysis of two STBSG-EORTC phase III clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2014 Dec;25(12):2425-32. Epub 2014 Oct 6. link to original article PubMed
  4. SARCGYN: Pautier P, Floquet A, Gladieff L, Bompas E, Ray-Coquard I, Piperno-Neumann S, Selle F, Guillemet C, Weber B, Largillier R, Bertucci F, Opinel P, Duffaud F, Reynaud-Bougnoux A, Delcambre C, Isambert N, Kerbrat P, Netter-Pinon G, Pinto N, Duvillard P, Haie-Meder C, Lhommé C, Rey A. A randomized clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with localized uterine sarcomas (SARCGYN study): a study of the French Sarcoma Group. Ann Oncol. 2013 Apr;24(4):1099-104. Epub 2012 Nov 8. link to original article PubMed

Locally advanced or metastatic disease, single-agent regimens

Cisplatin monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Blay et al. 2015 Phase III (C) Cisplatin & Ombrabulin Seems to have inferior PFS

Note: PFS was very poor in both groups (less than 2 months); the difference was not considered clinically meaningful.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Blay JY, Pápai Z, Tolcher AW, Italiano A, Cupissol D, López-Pousa A, Chawla SP, Bompas E, Babovic N, Penel N, Isambert N, Staddon AP, Saâda-Bouzid E, Santoro A, Franke FA, Cohen P, Le-Guennec S, Demetri GD. Ombrabulin plus cisplatin versus placebo plus cisplatin in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcomas after failure of anthracycline and ifosfamide chemotherapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 May;16(5):531-40. Epub 2015 Apr 8. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Dacarbazine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Buesa et al. 1991 Phase II
García-Del-Muro et al. 2011 Randomized Phase II (C) Dacarbazine & Gemcitabine Seems to have inferior OS

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Buesa et al. 1991: Calcium gluconate (10% solution) 5 mL IV every 10 minutes x 3 doses (total of 15 mL) after the start of dacarbazine; 2 additional doses of calcium gluconate (10% solution) 5 mL IV every 10 minutes were given to patients whose systolic blood pressure decreased below 80 mmHg or heart rate more than 160 bpm.

21-day cycles

References

  1. Buesa JM, Mouridsen HT, van Oosterom AT, Verweij J, Wagener T, Steward W, Poveda A, Vestlev PM, Thomas D, Sylvester R. High-dose DTIC in advanced soft-tissue sarcomas in the adult: a phase II study of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Ann Oncol. 1991 Apr;2(4):307-9. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. García-Del-Muro X, López-Pousa A, Maurel J, Martín J, Martínez-Trufero J, Casado A, Gómez-España A, Fra J, Cruz J, Poveda A, Meana A, Pericay C, Cubedo R, Rubió J, De Juan A, Laínez N, Carrasco JA, de Andrés R, Buesa JM; Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas. Randomized phase II study comparing gemcitabine plus dacarbazine versus dacarbazine alone in patients with previously treated soft tissue sarcoma: a Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas study. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jun 20;29(18):2528-33. Epub 2011 May 23. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Doxorubicin monotherapy

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Regimen variant #1, 75 mg/m2

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Mouridsen et al. 1987 (EORTC 62801) Phase III (E-switch-ic) Epirubicin Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR
Santoro et al. 1995 Phase III (C) 1. Doxorubicin & Ifosfamide
2. CYVADIC 		Did not meet endpoints of ORR/DOR/OS
Nielsen et al. 1998 Phase III (C) Epirubicin Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR
Lorigan et al. 2007 (EORTC 62971) Phase III (C) 1. Ifos 3 Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
2. Ifos 9 Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
Blay et al. 2014 (CR015769) Phase III (C) Trabectedin Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
Judson et al. 2014 (EORTC 62012) Phase III (C) Intensified Doxorubicin & Ifosfamide Might have inferior OS
Tap et al. 2016 (CP15-0806) Randomized Phase II (C) Doxorubicin & Olaratumab Inferior OS
Ryan et al. 2016 (PICASSO III) Phase III (C) Doxorubicin & Palifosfamide Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
Tap et al. 2017 (TH CR-406/SARC021) Phase III (C) Doxorubicin & Evofosfamide Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Seddon et al. 2017 (GeDDiS) Phase III (C) Docetaxel & Gemcitabine Might have superior PFS

Note: in EORTC 62801, treatment was given until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or cumulative doxorubicin dosage of 550 mg/m2, though the ultimate decision to stop treatment based on cumulative doxorubicin dosage was at the discretion of the treating physician. Patients in CR015769 had translocation-related sarcomas.

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

21-day cycle for up to 6 to 8 cycles (see note)

Regimen variant #2, 80 mg/m2

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Edmonson et al. 1993 Phase III (C) 1. Doxorubicin & Ifosfamide Seems to have inferior ORR
2. MAC Might have inferior ORR

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. EORTC 62801: Mouridsen HT, Bastholt L, Somers R, Santoro A, Bramwell V, Mulder JH, van Oosterom AT, Buesa J, Pinedo HM, Thomas D, Sylvester R. Adriamycin versus epirubicin in advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized phase II/phase III study of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1987 Oct;23(10):1477-83. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Edmonson JH, Ryan LM, Blum RH, Brooks JS, Shiraki M, Frytak S, Parkinson DR. Randomized comparison of doxorubicin alone versus ifosfamide plus doxorubicin or mitomycin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin against advanced soft tissue sarcomas. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Jul;11(7):1269-75. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  3. Santoro A, Tursz T, Mouridsen H, Verweij J, Steward W, Somers R, Buesa J, Casali P, Spooner D, Rankin E, Kirkpatrick A, van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom A. Doxorubicin versus CYVADIC versus doxorubicin plus ifosfamide in first-line treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Jul;13(7):1537-45. link to original article PubMed
  4. Nielsen OS, Dombernowsky P, Mouridsen H, Crowther D, Verweij J, Buesa J, Steward W, Daugaard S, van Glabbeke M, Kirkpatrick A, Tursz T. High-dose epirubicin is not an alternative to standard-dose doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a study of the EORTC soft tissue and bone sarcoma group. Br J Cancer. 1998 Dec;78(12):1634-9. link to PMC article PubMed
  5. Meta-analysis: Bramwell VH, Anderson D, Charette ML. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for the palliative treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma: a meta-analysis and clinical practice guideline. Sarcoma. 2000;4(3):103-12. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  6. EORTC 62971: Lorigan P, Verweij J, Papai Z, Rodenhuis S, Le Cesne A, Leahy MG, Radford JA, Van Glabbeke MM, Kirkpatrick A, Hogendoorn PC, Blay JY; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Study. Phase III trial of two investigational schedules of ifosfamide compared with standard-dose doxorubicin in advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jul 20;25(21):3144-50. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  7. CR015769: Blay JY, Leahy MG, Nguyen BB, Patel SR, Hohenberger P, Santoro A, Staddon AP, Penel N, Piperno-Neumann S, Hendifar A, Lardelli P, Nieto A, Alfaro V, Chawla SP. Randomised phase III trial of trabectedin versus doxorubicin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in translocation-related sarcomas. Eur J Cancer. 2014 Apr;50(6):1137-47. Epub 2014 Feb 7. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  8. EORTC 62012: Judson I, Verweij J, Gelderblom H, Hartmann JT, Schöffski P, Blay JY, Kerst JM, Sufliarsky J, Whelan J, Hohenberger P, Krarup-Hansen A, Alcindor T, Marreaud S, Litière S, Hermans C, Fisher C, Hogendoorn PC, dei Tos AP, van der Graaf WT; European Organisation and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Doxorubicin alone versus intensified doxorubicin plus ifosfamide for first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Apr;15(4):415-23. Epub 2014 Mar 5. link to original article PubMed
  9. CP15-0806: Tap WD, Jones RL, Van Tine BA, Chmielowski B, Elias AD, Adkins D, Agulnik M, Cooney MM, Livingston MB, Pennock G, Hameed MR, Shah GD, Qin A, Shahir A, Cronier DM, Ilaria R Jr, Conti I, Cosaert J, Schwartz GK. Olaratumab and doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone for treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma: an open-label phase 1b and randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016 Jul 30;388(10043):488-97. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
  10. PICASSO III: Ryan CW, Merimsky O, Agulnik M, Blay JY, Schuetze SM, Van Tine BA, Jones RL, Elias AD, Choy E, Alcindor T, Keedy VL, Reed DR, Taub RN, Italiano A, Garcia Del Muro X, Judson IR, Buck JY, Lebel F, Lewis JJ, Maki RG, Schöffski P. PICASSO III: A Phase III, Placebo-Controlled Study of Doxorubicin With or Without Palifosfamide in Patients With Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Nov 10;34(32):3898-3905. Epub 2016 Sep 30. link to original article PubMed
  11. TH CR-406/SARC021: Tap WD, Papai Z, Van Tine BA, Attia S, Ganjoo KN, Jones RL, Schuetze S, Reed D, Chawla SP, Riedel RF, Krarup-Hansen A, Toulmonde M, Ray-Coquard I, Hohenberger P, Grignani G, Cranmer LD, Okuno S, Agulnik M, Read W, Ryan CW, Alcindor T, Del Muro XFG, Budd GT, Tawbi H, Pearce T, Kroll S, Reinke DK, Schöffski P. Doxorubicin plus evofosfamide versus doxorubicin alone in locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (TH CR-406/SARC021): an international, multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Aug;18(8):1089-1103. Epub 2017 Jun 23. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  12. GeDDiS: Seddon B, Strauss SJ, Whelan J, Leahy M, Woll PJ, Cowie F, Rothermundt C, Wood Z, Benson C, Ali N, Marples M, Veal GJ, Jamieson D, Küver K, Tirabosco R, Forsyth S, Nash S, Dehbi HM, Beare S. Gemcitabine and docetaxel versus doxorubicin as first-line treatment in previously untreated advanced unresectable or metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas (GeDDiS): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Oct;18(10):1397-1410. Epub 2017 Sep 4. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed

Epirubicin monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Mouridsen et al. 1987 (EORTC 62801) Phase III (E-switch-ic) Doxorubicin Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for up to 7 cycles (cumulative epirubicin dosage of 550 mg/m2) (though the ultimate decision to stop treatment based on cumulative epirubicin dosage was at the discretion of the treating physician)

References

  1. EORTC 62801: Mouridsen HT, Bastholt L, Somers R, Santoro A, Bramwell V, Mulder JH, van Oosterom AT, Buesa J, Pinedo HM, Thomas D, Sylvester R. Adriamycin versus epirubicin in advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized phase II/phase III study of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1987 Oct;23(10):1477-83. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Ifosfamide monotherapy

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Regimen variant #1, short infusion (Ifos 3)

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Lorigan et al. 2007 (EORTC 62971) Phase III (E-switch-ic) 1. Doxorubicin Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
2. Ifos 9 Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) as follows:
    • 600 mg/m2 IV bolus once on day 1, given immediately prior to mesna/ifosfamide infusion, then
    • 1500 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1 to 3, given with Ifosfamide (Ifex), then
    • 1200 mg/m2 IV twice per day on days 1 to 3, given at 4 and 8 hours after completion of ifosfamide and mesna
      • An alternative is to use oral mesna instead of intravenous: Mesna (Mesnex) 1200 mg/m2 PO twice per day on days 1 to 3, given at 2 and 6 hours after completion of ifosfamide and mesna
  • Sodium bicarbonate 150 mmol IV once per day on days 1 to 3
  • Patient with somnolence or other signs of encephalopathy with ifosfamide received methylene blue 50 mg IV every 4 hours until resolution of symptoms. During cycles thereafter, patients would receive methylene blue 50 mg IV every 4 hours, starting 4 hours prior to ifosfamide on day 1, continuing until 72 hours after completion

21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles

Regimen variant #2, continuous infusion (Ifos 9)

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Lorigan et al. 2007 (EORTC 62971) Phase III (E-esc) 1. Doxorubicin Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
2. Ifos 3 Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS

Chemotherapy

  • Ifosfamide (Ifex) 3000 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 72 hours, started on day 1, given with mesna (total dose per cycle: 9000 mg/m2)
    • Each day's dose is mixed with mesna in 3 liters of normal saline

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) as follows:
    • 600 mg/m2 IV bolus once on day 1, immediately prior to mesna/ifosfamide infusion, then
    • 3000 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 72 hours, starting on day 1, given with Ifosfamide (Ifex), then
    • 1800 mg/m2 IV over 12 hours once on day 4, starting after completion of ifosfamide and mesna
      • An alternative is to use oral mesna instead of intravenous: Mesna (Mesnex) 1200 mg/m2 PO three times on day 4, given 0, 2, and 6 hours after completion of ifosfamide and mesna
  • Sodium bicarbonate 150 mmol IV once per day on days 1 to 3
  • Patient with somnolence or other signs of encephalopathy with ifosfamide received methylene blue 50 mg IV every 4 hours until resolution of symptoms. During cycles thereafter, patients would receive methylene blue 50 mg IV every 4 hours, starting 4 hours prior to ifosfamide on day 1, continuing until 72 hours after completion

21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles

Regimen variant #3

Study Evidence
van Oosterom et al. 2002 Phase II

Chemotherapy

  • Ifosfamide (Ifex) 3000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours once per day on days 1 to 3, dissolved in 125 mL sterile water per 1000 mg of ifosfamide, mixed with Mesna (Mesnex) in an additional 1 liter of dextrose/saline

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) as follows:
    • 600 mg/m2 IV bolus once on day 1, immediately prior to mesna/ifosfamide infusion, then
    • 1500 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1 to 3, given with Ifosfamide (Ifex), then
    • 500 mg/m2 IV twice per day on days 1 to 3, given at 4 and 8 hours after completion of ifosfamide and mesna
  • "Antiemetics were prescribed according to local conventions"
  • 1 liter of fluid PO twice per day on days 1 to 3, taken 4 and 8 hours after completion of ifosfamide and mesna

21-day cycle for at least 2 cycles, except in cases of rapid disease progression

References

  1. van Oosterom AT, Mouridsen HT, Nielsen OS, Dombernowsky P, Krzemieniecki K, Judson I, Svancarova L, Spooner D, Hermans C, Van Glabbeke M, Verweij J; EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Results of randomised studies of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (STBSG) with two different ifosfamide regimens in first- and second-line chemotherapy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 2002 Dec;38(18):2397-406 link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed content property of HemOnc.org
  2. EORTC 62971: Lorigan P, Verweij J, Papai Z, Rodenhuis S, Le Cesne A, Leahy MG, Radford JA, Van Glabbeke MM, Kirkpatrick A, Hogendoorn PC, Blay JY; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Study. Phase III trial of two investigational schedules of ifosfamide compared with standard-dose doxorubicin in advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jul 20;25(21):3144-50. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Pazopanib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
van der Graaf et al. 2012 (PALETTE) Phase III (E-RT-esc) Placebo Superior PFS

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely

References

  1. PALETTE: van der Graaf WT, Blay JY, Chawla SP, Kim DW, Bui-Nguyen B, Casali PG, Schöffski P, Aglietta M, Staddon AP, Beppu Y, Le Cesne A, Gelderblom H, Judson IR, Araki N, Ouali M, Marreaud S, Hodge R, Dewji MR, Coens C, Demetri GD, Fletcher CD, Dei Tos AP, Hohenberger P; EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group; PALETTE study group. Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012 May 19;379(9829):1879-86. Epub 2012 May 16. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Subgroup analysis: Kawai A, Araki N, Hiraga H, Sugiura H, Matsumine A, Ozaki T, Ueda T, Ishii T, Esaki T, Machida M, Fukasawa N. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study of pazopanib in patients with soft tissue sarcoma: results from the Japanese subgroup. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar;46(3):248-53. Epub 2016 Feb 10. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Placebo

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
van der Graaf et al. 2012 (PALETTE) Phase III (C) Pazopanib Inferior PFS
Demetri et al. 2013 (SUCCEED) Phase III (C) Ridaforolimus Inferior PFS
Kawai et al. 2015 Randomized Phase II (C) Trabectedin Inferior PFS
Mir et al. 2016 (REGOSARC) Randomized Phase II (C) Regorafenib Inferior PFS (*)

No active antineoplastic treatment. Used as a comparator arm and here for reference purposes only. Note: reported efficacy in REGOSARC is for the leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and other sarcoma cohorts; there was no significant difference in outcome for the liposarcoma cohort.

References

  1. PALETTE: van der Graaf WT, Blay JY, Chawla SP, Kim DW, Bui-Nguyen B, Casali PG, Schöffski P, Aglietta M, Staddon AP, Beppu Y, Le Cesne A, Gelderblom H, Judson IR, Araki N, Ouali M, Marreaud S, Hodge R, Dewji MR, Coens C, Demetri GD, Fletcher CD, Dei Tos AP, Hohenberger P; EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group; PALETTE study group. Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012 May 19;379(9829):1879-86. Epub 2012 May 16. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Subgroup analysis: Kawai A, Araki N, Hiraga H, Sugiura H, Matsumine A, Ozaki T, Ueda T, Ishii T, Esaki T, Machida M, Fukasawa N. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study of pazopanib in patients with soft tissue sarcoma: results from the Japanese subgroup. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar;46(3):248-53. Epub 2016 Feb 10. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. SUCCEED: Demetri GD, Chawla SP, Ray-Coquard I, Le Cesne A, Staddon AP, Milhem MM, Penel N, Riedel RF, Bui-Nguyen B, Cranmer LD, Reichardt P, Bompas E, Alcindor T, Rushing D, Song Y, Lee RM, Ebbinghaus S, Eid JE, Loewy JW, Haluska FG, Dodion PF, Blay JY. Results of an international randomized phase III trial of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor ridaforolimus versus placebo to control metastatic sarcomas in patients after benefit from prior chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jul 1;31(19):2485-92. Epub 2013 May 28. link to original article PubMed
  3. Kawai A, Araki N, Sugiura H, Ueda T, Yonemoto T, Takahashi M, Morioka H, Hiraga H, Hiruma T, Kunisada T, Matsumine A, Tanase T, Hasegawa T, Takahashi S. Trabectedin monotherapy after standard chemotherapy versus best supportive care in patients with advanced, translocation-related sarcoma: a randomised, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Apr;16(4):406-16. Epub 2015 Mar 18. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  4. REGOSARC: Mir O, Brodowicz T, Italiano A, Wallet J, Blay JY, Bertucci F, Chevreau C, Piperno-Neumann S, Bompas E, Salas S, Perrin C, Delcambre C, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Toulmonde M, Dumont S, Ray-Coquard I, Clisant S, Taieb S, Guillemet C, Rios M, Collard O, Bozec L, Cupissol D, Saada-Bouzid E, Lemaignan C, Eisterer W, Isambert N, Chaigneau L, Cesne AL, Penel N. Safety and efficacy of regorafenib in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (REGOSARC): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Dec;17(12):1732-1742. Epub 2016 Oct 14. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Regorafenib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Mir et al. 2016 (REGOSARC) Randomized Phase II (E-esc) Placebo Superior PFS

Note: reported efficacy is for the leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and other sarcoma cohorts; there was no significant difference in outcome for the liposarcoma cohort.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. REGOSARC: Mir O, Brodowicz T, Italiano A, Wallet J, Blay JY, Bertucci F, Chevreau C, Piperno-Neumann S, Bompas E, Salas S, Perrin C, Delcambre C, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Toulmonde M, Dumont S, Ray-Coquard I, Clisant S, Taieb S, Guillemet C, Rios M, Collard O, Bozec L, Cupissol D, Saada-Bouzid E, Lemaignan C, Eisterer W, Isambert N, Chaigneau L, Cesne AL, Penel N. Safety and efficacy of regorafenib in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (REGOSARC): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Dec;17(12):1732-1742. Epub 2016 Oct 14. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Temozolomide monotherapy

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Regimen variant #1, 5 out of 28 days

Study Evidence
Talbot et al. 2003 Phase II

Note: patients on study could be reconsented to receive therapy beyond 1 year. Treatment given on an empty stomach, and doses rounded up if needed to next available dosage based on capsule doses.

Chemotherapy

  • Temozolomide (Temodar) 200 mg/m2 PO once on day 1, then 12 hours later, 90 mg/m2 PO every 12 hours on days 1 to 5 (total of 10 doses per cycle)

Supportive medications

  • Antiemetics "prescribed as clinically indicated by the treating physician"

28-day cycle for up to 13 cycles (1 year)

Regimen variant #2, 6 out of 9 weeks

Study Evidence
Garcia del Muro et al. 2005 Phase II

Note: Initial dose used in the study was 75 mg/m2, but due to lack of toxicity, protocol was amended to use 100 mg/m2 doses.

Chemotherapy

  • Temozolomide (Temodar) 100 mg/m2 PO once per day on days 1 to 42, no food 1 hour before and after temozolomide doses

Supportive medications

9-week cycle for up to 3 cycles

References

  1. Talbot SM, Keohan ML, Hesdorffer M, Orrico R, Bagiella E, Troxel AB, Taub RN. A phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer. 2003 Nov 1;98(9):1942-6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Garcia del Muro X, Lopez-Pousa A, Martin J, Buesa JM, Martinez-Trufero J, Casado A, Poveda A, Cruz J, Bover I, Maurel J; Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas. A phase II trial of temozolomide as a 6-week, continuous, oral schedule in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a study by the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas. Cancer. 2005 Oct 15;104(8):1706-12. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Trabectedin monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kawai et al. 2015 Randomized Phase II (E-esc) Placebo Superior PFS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Kawai A, Araki N, Sugiura H, Ueda T, Yonemoto T, Takahashi M, Morioka H, Hiraga H, Hiruma T, Kunisada T, Matsumine A, Tanase T, Hasegawa T, Takahashi S. Trabectedin monotherapy after standard chemotherapy versus best supportive care in patients with advanced, translocation-related sarcoma: a randomised, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Apr;16(4):406-16. Epub 2015 Mar 18. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Locally advanced or metastatic disease, combination regimens

Dacarbazine & Doxorubicin

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AD: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) & Dacarbazine

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Baker et al. 1987 (SWOG S7613) Phase III (C) 1. AD & Cyclophosphamide
2. AD & Dactinomycin 		Did not meet endpoints of RR/OS
Zalupski et al. 1991 Phase III (C) CI Dacarbazine & Doxorubicin Did not meet primary endpoint of OS50%
Antman et al. 1993 Phase III (C) MAID Seems to have superior OS (*)

Here for historic purposes. Note that in Antman et al. 1993, although the experimental arm seemed to have superior TTP, this arm seemed to have superior OS.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. SWOG S7613: Baker LH, Frank J, Fine G, Balcerzak SP, Stephens RL, Stuckey WJ, Rivkin S, Saiki J, Ward JH. Combination chemotherapy using adriamycin, DTIC, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin D for advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized comparative trial: a phase III, Southwest Oncology Group Study (7613). J Clin Oncol. 1987 Jun;5(6):851-61. link to original article PubMed
  2. Zalupski M, Metch B, Balcerzak S, Fletcher WS, Chapman R, Bonnet JD, Weiss GR, Ryan J, Benjamin RS, Baker LH. Phase III comparison of doxorubicin and dacarbazine given by bolus versus infusion in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Jul 3;83(13):926-32. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  3. Antman K, Crowley J, Balcerzak SP, Rivkin SE, Weiss GR, Elias A, Natale RB, Cooper RM, Barlogie B, Trump DL, Doroshow JH, Aisner J, Pugh RP, Weiss RB, Cooper BA, Clamond GH, Baker LH. An intergroup phase III randomized study of doxorubicin and dacarbazine with or without ifosfamide and mesna in advanced soft tissue and bone sarcomas. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Jul;11(7):1276-85. link to original article PubMed

Dacarbazine & Gemcitabine

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
García-Del-Muro et al. 2011 Randomized Phase II, <20 pts in this subgroup (E-esc) Dacarbazine Seems to have superior OS

Chemotherapy

14-day cycle for at least 12 cycles

References

  1. García-Del-Muro X, López-Pousa A, Maurel J, Martín J, Martínez-Trufero J, Casado A, Gómez-España A, Fra J, Cruz J, Poveda A, Meana A, Pericay C, Cubedo R, Rubió J, De Juan A, Laínez N, Carrasco JA, de Andrés R, Buesa JM; Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas. Randomized phase II study comparing gemcitabine plus dacarbazine versus dacarbazine alone in patients with previously treated soft tissue sarcoma: a Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas study. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jun 20;29(18):2528-33. Epub 2011 May 23. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Docetaxel & Gemcitabine

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Seddon et al. 2017 (GeDDiS) Phase III (E-switch-ic) Doxorubicin Might have inferior PFS

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Dexamethasone (Decadron) 8 mg PO twice per day on days 7 to 9 (the day before, the day of, and day after Docetaxel (Taxotere))
  • Patients could receive diuretics at physician discretion for peripheral edema related to docetaxel
  • One of the following growth factors (varies depending on reference):
    • G-CSF (type not specified) 150 mcg/m2 (dose rounded to 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day on days 9 to 15 as primary neutropenia prophylaxis; could be stopped before day 15 if ANC greater than 1200/uL on two separate measurements
    • Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) 6 mg SC once on either day 9 or 10

21-day cycle for 6 to 8 cycles

References

  1. GeDDiS: Seddon B, Strauss SJ, Whelan J, Leahy M, Woll PJ, Cowie F, Rothermundt C, Wood Z, Benson C, Ali N, Marples M, Veal GJ, Jamieson D, Küver K, Tirabosco R, Forsyth S, Nash S, Dehbi HM, Beare S. Gemcitabine and docetaxel versus doxorubicin as first-line treatment in previously untreated advanced unresectable or metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas (GeDDiS): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Oct;18(10):1397-1410. Epub 2017 Sep 4. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Doxorubicin & Ifosfamide

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AIM: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Ifosfamide, Mesna

Regimen variant #1, 50/5000

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Le Cesne et al. 2000 (EORTC 62903) Phase III (C) AIM; 75/5000 Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

Regimen variant #2, 5-day course, lower dose doxorubicin - AI 75/10,000

Study Evidence
Patel et al. 1998 Pilot, <20 patients reported

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) 400 mg/m2 IV once on day 1, given simultaneously with the first dose of Ifosfamide (Ifex), then 1200 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 120 hours
      • Each day's dose is given in 2 liters of D5W with 100 mEq/L sodium acetate, 20 mEq/L potassium acetate, and 4 mEq/L magnesium sulfate
  • If febrile neutropenia occurs, G-CSF is used in subsequent cycles

21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles

Regimen variant #3, 4-day course, higher dose doxorubicin - AI 90/10,000

Study Evidence
Patel et al. 1998 Pilot, <20 patients reported

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) 500 mg/m2 IV once on day 1, given simultaneously with the first dose of Ifosfamide (Ifex), then 1500 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 96 hours
      • Each day's dose is given in 2 liters of D5W with 100 mEq/L sodium acetate, 20 mEq/L potassium acetate, and 4 mEq/L magnesium sulfate
  • G-CSF (type not specified) 5 mcg/kg (dose rounded to 300 or 480 mcg) SC once per day, starting on day 5, given until ANC is at least 10,000/uL

21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles

References

  1. Patel SR, Vadhan-Raj S, Burgess MA, Plager C, Papadopolous N, Jenkins J, Benjamin RS. Results of two consecutive trials of dose-intensive chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide in patients with sarcomas. Am J Clin Oncol. 1998 Jun;21(3):317-21. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. EORTC 62903: Le Cesne A, Judson I, Crowther D, Rodenhuis S, Keizer HJ, Van Hoesel Q, Blay JY, Frisch J, Van Glabbeke M, Hermans C, Van Oosterom A, Tursz T, Verweij J. Randomized phase III study comparing conventional-dose doxorubicin plus ifosfamide versus high-dose doxorubicin plus ifosfamide plus recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in advanced soft tissue sarcomas: A trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jul;18(14):2676-84. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Doxorubicin, Ifosfamide, RT

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AIM & RT: Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Ifosfamide, Mesna, Radiation Therapy

Regimen

Study Evidence
Venkatramani et al. 2015 (COG ARST0332 Arm D) Phase IIIb

Note: Regimen details are derived from the COG ARST0332 (NCT00346164) protocol.

Chemotherapy

  • Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) as follows:
    • Cycles 1 to 5: 37.5 mg/m2/day (maximum dose of 75 mg/day) IV continuous infusion over 48 hours, started on day 1 (total dose per cycle: 75 mg/m2)
    • Doses are held when patients are receiving concurrent radiation therapy (for example, held during cycles 2 and 3, if radiation therapy is initiated with cycle 2). The missed doses are then administered in a different cycle, to maintain a total regimen dose of 375 mg/m2. If doses are held in 2 of 6 cycles, a doxorubicin-only "Cycle 7" may be given 21 days following cycle 6.
  • Ifosfamide (Ifex) 3000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours once per day on days 1 to 3

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) 600 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 to 3, given 15 minutes prior to each dose of Ifosfamide (Ifex), then at 3 hours, 6 hours, and 9 hours after start of Ifosfamide (Ifex)
  • Hydration:
    • Before first Ifosfamide (Ifex) infusion: D5 1/2 NS IV at rate of 200 mL/m2/hr IV until urine output > 2 mL/kg/hr
    • With Ifosfamide (Ifex) infusion: D5 1/2 NS with 10 mEq KCL/L IV at rate of 125 mL/m2/hr IV beginning immediately after ifosfamide infusion and continuing until next ifosfamide dose, or until 24 hours after last dose.
  • G-CSF (type not specified) 5 mcg/kg (max 480 mcg) SC once per day, starting on day 4, given until ANC is at least 2000/uL after nadir. Filgrastim should not be administered within 24 hours of chemotherapy.

21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles

Radiotherapy

Subsequent treatment

  • Definitive resection of primary tumor after recovery from cycle 3 (week 13)
  • Definitive resection of residual metastasis after completion of chemotherapy

References

  1. Abstract: Venkatramani R, Anderson JR, Million L, Coffin CM, McCarville B, Randall RL, et al. Risk-based treatment for synovial sarcoma in patients under 30 years of age: Children’s Oncology Group study ARST0332. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2015;33(15). link to original abstract contains protocol

Epirubicin & Ifosfamide

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Reichardt et al. 1998 Phase II

Chemotherapy

  • Epirubicin (Ellence) 45 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 48 hours, started on day 2 (total dose per cycle: 90 mg/m2)
  • Ifosfamide (Ifex) 2500 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 120 hours, started on day 1 (total dose per cycle: 12,500 mg/m2)
    • Each day's dose is mixed with mesna in 3 liters of "fluids with electrolytes"

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) 1500 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion over 120 hours, started on day 1, given with Ifosfamide (Ifex) (total dose per cycle: 7500 mg/m2)
  • G-CSF (type not specified) 5 mcg/kg SC once per day on days 6 to 15 or "until recovery of leukocytes"
  • Ondansetron (Zofran) 8 to 24 mg/day (route not specified) prn nausea
  • Dexamethasone (Decadron) (dose/schedule not specified) for antiemesis if necessary

21-day cycles

References

  1. Reichardt P, Tilgner J, Hohenberger P, Dörken B. Dose-intensive chemotherapy with ifosfamide, epirubicin, and filgrastim for adult patients with metastatic or locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Apr;16(4):1438-43. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine & Vinorelbine

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Dileo et al. 2007 Phase II

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Dileo P, Morgan JA, Zahrieh D, Desai J, Salesi JM, Harmon DC, Quigley MT, Polson K, Demetri GD, George S. Gemcitabine and vinorelbine combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas: results of a phase II trial. Cancer. 2007 May 1;109(9):1863-9. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

MAID

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MAID: Mesna, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Ifosfamide, Dacarbazine

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Antman et al. 1993 Phase III (E-esc) AD Seems to have inferior OS (*)
Fayette et al. 2009 Phase III (C) MAID]; higher-intensity Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR
Bui-Nguyen et al. 2011 Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note that in Antman et al. 1993, although this arm seemed to have superior TTP, the control arm seemed to have superior OS.

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

References

  1. Antman K, Crowley J, Balcerzak SP, Rivkin SE, Weiss GR, Elias A, Natale RB, Cooper RM, Barlogie B, Trump DL, Doroshow JH, Aisner J, Pugh RP, Weiss RB, Cooper BA, Clamond GH, Baker LH. An intergroup phase III randomized study of doxorubicin and dacarbazine with or without ifosfamide and mesna in advanced soft tissue and bone sarcomas. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Jul;11(7):1276-85. link to original article PubMed
  2. Fayette J, Penel N, Chevreau C, Blay JY, Cupissol D, Thyss A, Guillemet C, Rios M, Rolland F, Fargeot P, Bay JO, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Coindre JM, Bui-Nguyen B. Phase III trial of standard versus dose-intensified doxorubicin, ifosfamide and dacarbazine (MAID) in the first-line treatment of metastatic and locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Invest New Drugs. 2009 Oct;27(5):482-9. Epub 2009 Jan 16. link to original article PubMed
  3. Bui-Nguyen B, Ray-Coquard I, Chevreau C, Penel N, Bay JO, Coindre JM, Cupissol D, Italiano A, Bonichon F, Lotz JP, Thyss A, Jimenez M, Mathoulin-Pélissier S, Blay JY; GSF-GETO French Sarcoma Group. High-dose chemotherapy consolidation for chemosensitive advanced soft tissue sarcoma patients: an open-label, randomized controlled trial. Ann Oncol. 2012 Mar;23(3):777-84. Epub 2011 Jun 7. link to original article PubMed

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, all lines of therapy

Imatinib monotherapy

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Regimen variant #1, 400 mg/day

Study Evidence
Rutkowski et al. 2010 (SWOG S0345) Phase II, <20 pts

Chemotherapy

48-week course

Regimen variant #2, 800 mg/day

Study Evidence
Rutkowski et al. 2010 (EORTC 62027) Phase II, <20 pts

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely, unless complete (R0) surgical resection became possible

References

  1. EORTC 62027; SWOG S0345: Rutkowski P, Van Glabbeke M, Rankin CJ, Ruka W, Rubin BP, Debiec-Rychter M, Lazar A, Gelderblom H, Sciot R, Lopez-Terrada D, Hohenberger P, van Oosterom AT, Schuetze SM; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma Group; Southwest Oncology Group. Imatinib mesylate in advanced dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: pooled analysis of two phase II clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 1;28(10):1772-9. Epub 2010 Mar 1. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Desmoid tumors, all lines of therapy

Sorafenib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gounder et al. 2018 (Alliance A091105) Phase III (E-esc) Placebo Superior PFS

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely

References

  1. Alliance A091105: Gounder MM, Mahoney MR, Van Tine BA, Ravi V, Attia S, Deshpande HA, Gupta AA, Milhem MM, Conry RM, Movva S, Pishvaian MJ, Riedel RF, Sabagh T, Tap WD, Horvat N, Basch E, Schwartz LH, Maki RG, Agaram NP, Lefkowitz RA, Mazaheri Y, Yamashita R, Wright JJ, Dueck AC, Schwartz GK. Sorafenib for Advanced and Refractory Desmoid Tumors. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20;379(25):2417-2428. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
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