HIV-associated lymphoma

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19 regimens on this page
25 variants on this page


Untreated

CHOP

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CHOP: Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, Prednisone

Synonyms: CHOP-21, ACOP, CAVP, COPA, VACP, VCAP

Structured Concept: C9549 (NCI-T), C0055598 (NCI-MT/UMLS)

Regimen, Kaplan et al. 2005 (AMC010)

Phase III

Supportive medications:

  • Combination antiretrovirals were required
  • G-CSF 5 mcg/kg SC once per day from days 4 to 13 or until ANC > 10k/ul.
  • Pneumocystis cariini prophylaxis with either:

21-day cycles x 3 cycles for early disease, or minimum of 6 cycles or 2 past CR for advanced disease

Radiation therapy

Patients with stage I, IE, or nonbulky stage II disease received "involved field radiotherapy to a total dose of at least 4000 cGy beginning 3 weeks after the third cycle of chemotherapy."

References

  1. Kaplan LD, Lee JY, Ambinder RF, Sparano JA, Cesarman E, Chadburn A, Levine AM, Scadden DT. Rituximab does not improve clinical outcome in a randomized phase 3 trial of CHOP with or without rituximab in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: AIDS-Malignancies Consortium Trial 010. Blood. 2005 Sep 1;106(5):1538-43. Epub 2005 May 24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

CODOX-M/IVAC

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CODOX-M: Cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, DOXorubicin, Methotrexate
IVAC: Ifosfamide, Vepesid (etoposide), Ara-C (cytarabine)

Regimen, Magrath et al. 1996 & Wang et al. 2003

Retrospective

  • Patients are stratified into high and low risk:
    • Low risk patients must fulfill all of the following criteria:
      • Serum LDH within the institution's normal range (for the NCI, this was <350 IU/L)
      • Single extraabdominal mass or completely resected abdominal disease
    • Any patients which do not meet low risk criteria are classified as high risk

Part A: CODOX-M for high risk patients

  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 800 mg/m2 IV once on day 1; cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 IV once daily on days 2 to 5
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2 (no maximum dose) IV once on days 1 & 8 of cycle 1; vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 (no maximum dose) IV once on days 1, 8, 15 of cycle 3
  • Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 40 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 1200 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on day 10; then 240 mg/m2/hour IV over 23 hours on day 10; total dose on day 10 is 6720 mg/m2

CNS Prophylaxis:

  • Cytarabine (Cytosar) 70 mg intrathecal once on days 1 & 3
    • Patients younger than 3 years old received "appropriately reduced doses"
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 12 mg intrathecal once on day 15
    • Patients younger than 3 years old received "appropriately reduced doses"

Patients with CNS disease at presentation received the following extra doses of intrathecal chemotherapy during cycle 1:

Supportive medications:

  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 192 mg/m2 IV once on day 11, starting 36 hours after the start of the day 10 Methotrexate (MTX), then 12 mg/m2 IV every 6 hours thereafter until serum methotrexate level is <5 x 10-8 mol/L
  • GM-CSF 7.5 mcg/kg SQ daily, starting on day 13 and continuing until ANC >1,000/uL

Part A: CODOX-M for low risk patients

CNS prophylaxis:

  • Cytarabine (Cytosar) 70 mg intrathecal once on day 1
    • Patients younger than 3 years old received "appropriately reduced doses"
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 12 mg intrathecal once on day 3
    • Patients younger than 3 years old received "appropriately reduced doses"

Supportive medications:

  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 192 mg/m2 IV once on day 11, starting 36 hours after the start of the day 10 Methotrexate (MTX), then 12 mg/m2 IV every 6 hours thereafter until serum methotrexate level is <5 x 10-8 mol/L
  • No GM-CSF used for low risk patients

Part B: IVAC for high risk patients

CNS prophylaxis:

Patients with CNS disease at presentation received the following extra doses of intrathecal chemotherapy during cycle 2:

Supportive medications:

  • Mesna (Mesnex) 360 mg/m2 IV every 3 hours on days 1 to 5, given at same time as ifosfamide
  • GM-CSF 7.5 mcg/kg SQ daily, starting on day 7 and continuing until ANC >1,000/uL

High risk patients receive Part A: CODOX-M and Part B: IVAC given in an alternating fashion x total of 4 cycles (A, B, A, B). Low risk patients receive Part A: CODOX-M x 3 cycles only. Each cycle starts on the same day that the patient's ANC is >1,000/uL.

References

  1. Magrath I, Adde M, Shad A, Venzon D, Seibel N, Gootenberg J, Neely J, Arndt C, Nieder M, Jaffe E, Wittes RA, Horak ID. Adults and children with small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma have a similar excellent outcome when treated with the same chemotherapy regimen. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Mar;14(3):925-34. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Wang ES, Straus DJ, Teruya-Feldstein J, Qin J, Portlock C, Moskowitz C, Goy A, Hedrick E, Zelenetz AD, Noy A. Intensive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate/ifosfamide, etoposide, and high-dose cytarabine (CODOX-M/IVAC) for human immunodeficiency virus-associated Burkitt lymphoma. Cancer. 2003 Sep 15;98(6):1196-205. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

dmCODOX-M/IVAC - Modified Magrath

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dmCODOX-M: dose-modified Cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, DOXorubicin, Methotrexate
IVAC: Ifosfamide, Vepesid (etoposide), Ara-C (cytarabine)

Regimen, Mead et al. 2008 - MRC/NCRI LY10 trial

  • Patients are stratified into high and low risk:
    • Low risk patients must fulfill at least 3 of the following criteria:
    • Any patients which do not meet low risk criteria are classified as high risk

Part A: dmCODOX-M

CNS prophylaxis:

Patients with CNS disease at presentation received the following extra doses of intrathecal chemotherapy:

Supportive medications:

Part B: IVAC

CNS prophylaxis:

Supportive medications:

High risk patients receive Part A: dmCODOX-M and Part B: IVAC given in an alternating fashion x total of 4 cycles (A, B, A, B). Low risk patients receive Part A: dmCODOX-M x 3 cycles only. Each cycle starts on the same day that the patient's ANC is >1,000/uL and unsupported (that is, without transfusion) platelet count >75 x 109/L

References

  1. Mead GM, Barrans SL, Qian W, Walewski J, Radford JA, Wolf M, Clawson SM, Stenning SP, Yule CL, Jack AS; UK National Cancer Research Institute Lymphoma Clinical Studies Group; Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group. A prospective clinicopathologic study of dose-modified CODOX-M/IVAC in patients with sporadic Burkitt lymphoma defined using cytogenetic and immunophenotypic criteria (MRC/NCRI LY10 trial). Blood. 2008 Sep 15;112(6):2248-60. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-145128. Epub 2008 Jul 8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

DR-COP

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DR-COP: Doxil (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin), Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, Prednisone

Regimen

Phase II

  • Doxorubicin liposomal (Doxil) 40 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
  • Rituximab (Rituxan) 375 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 750 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.4 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle) IV once on day 1
  • Prednisone (Sterapred) 100 mg PO daily on days 1 to 5
  • "CNS prophylaxis was mandated in patients with involvement of bone marrow, testis, sinuses, or epidural regions and with stage IV and/or = two extranodal sites, with specific regimen left to physician discretion."
  • Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) required; specific regimen left to physician discretion. Use of zidovudine was not allowed.

Supportive medications:

21 to 28 day cycles x up to 6 cycles

References

  1. Levine AM, Noy A, Lee JY, Tam W, Ramos JC, Henry DH, Parekh S, Reid EG, Mitsuyasu R, Cooley T, Dezube BJ, Ratner L, Cesarman E, Tulpule A. Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone in AIDS-Related Lymphoma: AIDS Malignancy Consortium Study 047. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Nov 19. [Epub ahead of print] link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

GMALL-R

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GMALL-R: German Multicenter Study Group for the Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Rituximab

Regimen, Ribera et al. 2013 (Burkimab)

Phase II

Numbering of days is based on prephase->A->B->C; however, certain patient populations received different ordering of regimen, see below.

Prephase

Cycle A

Supportive medications:

Cycle B

Supportive medications:

Cycle C

Supportive medications:

Give regimen as follows:

  • Advanced stage and younger than 55 years: A->B->C x 2 courses (6 total cycles)
  • Older than 55 years: Alternate A & B x 3 courses (6 total cycles)
  • Localized stage: 4 total cycles (unclear from protocol if this means A alternating with B or A->B->C->A)

CNS Prophylaxis

8 doses total

References

  1. Ribera JM, García O, Grande C, Esteve J, Oriol A, Bergua J, González-Campos J, Vall-Llovera F, Tormo M, Hernández-Rivas JM, García D, Brunet S, Alonso N, Barba P, Miralles P, Llorente A, Montesinos P, Moreno MJ, Hernández-Rivas JÁ, Bernal T. Dose-intensive chemotherapy including rituximab in Burkitt's leukemia or lymphoma regardless of human immunodeficiency virus infection status: final results of a phase 2 study (Burkimab). Cancer. 2013 May 1;119(9):1660-8. Epub 2013 Jan 29. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

R-CHOP

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R-CHOP: Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, Prednisone

Synonyms: R-CHOP-21, CHOP-R

Structured Concept: C9760 (NCI-T), C0393023 (NCI-MT/UMLS)

Regimen #1, Kaplan et al. 2005 (AMC010)

Phase III

Supportive medications:

  • Combination antiretrovirals were required
  • G-CSF 5 mcg/kg SC once per day from days 4 to 13 or until ANC > 10k/ul.
  • Pneumocystis cariini prophylaxis with either:

21-day cycles x 3 cycles for early disease, or minimum of 6 cycles or 2 past CR for advanced disease

Radiation therapy

Patients with stage I, IE, or nonbulky stage II disease received "involved field radiotherapy to a total dose of at least 4000 cGy beginning 3 weeks after the third cycle of chemotherapy."

Maintenance

Partial or complete responders received:

Monthly x 3 doses

Regimen #2, Ribera et al. 2007

Phase II

CNS Prophylaxis: To be given with each cycle; day of administration not reported.

Supportive medications:

  • Combination antiretrovirals were required: one or two protease inhibitors and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • Pneumocystis cariini prophylaxis with either:

21-day cycles x 6 cycles

Radiation therapy

Patients with bulky disease or a residual mass received involved field radiotherapy (details not provided).

Regimen #3, Boué et al. 2006

Phase II

CNS Prophylaxis: Decision was left to individual centers.

Supportive medications:

  • Antiretrovirals were recommended
  • Pneumocystis cariini prophylaxis was recommended with Cotrimoxazole (dose/schedule not specified)

21-day cycles x 6 cycles

References

  1. Kaplan LD, Lee JY, Ambinder RF, Sparano JA, Cesarman E, Chadburn A, Levine AM, Scadden DT. Rituximab does not improve clinical outcome in a randomized phase 3 trial of CHOP with or without rituximab in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: AIDS-Malignancies Consortium Trial 010. Blood. 2005 Sep 1;106(5):1538-43. Epub 2005 May 24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Boué F, Gabarre J, Gisselbrecht C, Reynes J, Cheret A, Bonnet F, Billaud E, Raphael M, Lancar R, Costagliola D. Phase II trial of CHOP plus rituximab in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Sep 1;24(25):4123-8. Epub 2006 Aug 8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. Ribera JM, Oriol A, Morgades M, González-Barca E, Miralles P, López-Guillermo A, Gardella S, López A, Abella E, García M; PETHEMA, GELTAMO, GELCAB and GESIDA Groups. Safety and efficacy of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of a phase II trial. Br J Haematol. 2008 Feb;140(4):411-9. Epub 2007 Dec 19. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

R-dmCODOX-M/IVAC

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R-dmCODOX-M: Rituximab, dose-modified Cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, DOXorubicin, Methotrexate
IVAC: Ifosfamide, Vepesid (etoposide), Ara-C (cytarabine)

Regimen #1, Mead et al. 2008 & Kassam et al. 2012

Kassam et al. 2012 is a retrospective analysis that includes analysis of the use of rituximab with dose-modified CODOX-M/IVAC, and it lists Mead et al. 2008 as its reference for this. However, since Mead et al. 2008 did not include the use of rituximab, and Kassam et al. 2012 did not describe exactly how rituximab was used in addition to that cited regimen, rituximab will not be included in this summary of the regimen. If one were to speculate, one would presume the dosage & schedule would be Rituximab (Rituxan) 375 mg/m2 IV once per cycle.

  • Patients are stratified into high and low risk:
    • Low risk patients must fulfill at least 3 of the following criteria:
    • Any patients which do not meet low risk criteria are classified as high risk

Part A: dmCODOX-M

CNS prophylaxis:

Patients with CNS disease at presentation received the following extra doses of intrathecal chemotherapy:

Supportive medications:

Part B: IVAC

  • Ifosfamide (Ifex) dose according to age:
    • Patients 65 years old or younger: Ifosfamide (Ifex) 1500 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour once per day on days 1 to 5
    • Patients older than 65 years old: Ifosfamide (Ifex) 1000 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour once per day on days 1 to 5
  • Etoposide (Vepesid) 60 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 1 to 5
  • Cytarabine (Cytosar) dose according to age:
    • Patients 65 years old or younger: Cytarabine (Cytosar) 2000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours every 12 hours x 4 doses on days 1 & 2 (total of 4 doses per cycle)
    • Patients older than 65 years old: Cytarabine (Cytosar) 1000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours every 12 hours x 4 doses on days 1 & 2 (total of 4 doses per cycle)

CNS prophylaxis:

Supportive medications:

High risk patients receive Part A: dmCODOX-M and Part B: IVAC given in an alternating fashion x total of 4 cycles (A, B, A, B). Low risk patients receive Part A: dmCODOX-M x 3 cycles only. Each cycle starts on the same day that the patient's ANC is >1,000/uL and unsupported (that is, without transfusion) platelet count >75 x 109/L

Regimen #2, Lacasce et al. 2004 & Barnes et al. 2011 - modified Magrath

Lacasce et al. 2004 describes this particular modified Magrath regimen, and Barnes et al. 2011 references it as the foundation for its R-CODOX-M/IVAC regimen. There were several vague details/errors in Lacasce et al. 2004 that limit one's ability to confidently use this regimen.

  • Patients are stratified into high and low risk:
    • Low risk patients must fulfill both of the following criteria:
      • Normal LDH
      • Single focus of disease measuring <10 cm in greatest diameter
    • Any patients which do not meet low risk criteria are classified as high risk

Part A: R-CODOX-M

  • Rituximab (Rituxan) 375 mg/m2 IV once per cycle (no day specified by Barnes et al. 2011)
  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 800 mg/m2 IV once on days 1 & 2
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.4 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle) IV once on days 1 & 10
  • Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 50 mg/m2 IV once on day 1
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 3000 mg/m2 IV (no duration of infusion given) on day 10
    • Note: Lacasce et al. 2004 says that methotrexate is given after urine is alkalinzied to a pH <7; this is almost certainly a typo, and it was probably intended to say "alkalinzied to a pH >7"

CNS prophylaxis:

  • Cytarabine (Cytosar) 50 mg intrathecal once on days 1 & 3
    • Day 3 dose is not given to low risk patients
    • Hydrocortisone 50 mg intrathecal administered with all doses of intrathecal chemotherapy
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 12 mg intrathecal once on day 1, admixed with day 1 cytarabine
    • Hydrocortisone 50 mg intrathecal administered with all doses of intrathecal chemotherapy

Patients with CNS disease at presentation received the following extra doses of intrathecal chemotherapy during cycle 1:

  • Cytarabine (Cytosar) 50 mg intrathecal once on day 5 (in addition to doses above)
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 12 mg intrathecal once on day 10 (in addition to dose above)
  • Hydrocortisone 50 mg intrathecal administered with all doses of intrathecal chemotherapy

Supportive medications:

  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 200 mg/m2 IV once on day 11, starting 24 hours after the start of the day 10 Methotrexate (MTX), then 15 mg/m2 IV every 6 hours thereafter until serum methotrexate level is <0.1 x 10-6 M
  • G-CSF (no dose specified) on days 3-8
    • Note: Lacasce et al. 2004 says that "G-CSF was restarted therafter if ANC > 1000"; this is believed to be a typo. The authors probably intended to say "G-CSF was restarted therafter if ANC <1000." Additionally, figure 1 contradicts the body text and indicates that G-CSF is given on days 1 to 6, and restarted on day 12: "ANC <1000 on day 12, restart G-CSF."

Part B: R-IVAC

CNS prophylaxis:

Patients with CNS disease at presentation received the following extra doses of intrathecal chemotherapy during the first cycle of IVAC (cycle 2 overall):

  • Cytarabine (Cytosar) 50 mg intrathecal once on days 3 & 5
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 12 mg intrathecal once on day 5
    • Note: Lacasce et al. 2004 said that these are additional doses, but there is already a dose of methotrexate 12 mg intrathecal regularly scheduled to be given on day 5. Therefore, it is unclear whether a second dose of methotrexate 12 mg is to be given.
  • Hydrocortisone 50 mg intrathecal administered with all doses of intrathecal chemotherapy

Supportive medications:

High risk patients receive Part A: CODOX-M and Part B: IVAC given in an alternating fashion x total of 4 cycles (A, B, A, B). Low risk patients receive Part A: CODOX-M x 3 cycles only. Each cycle starts on the same day that the patient's ANC is >1,000/uL.

References

  1. Lacasce A, Howard O, Lib S, Fisher D, Weng A, Neuberg D, Shipp M. Modified magrath regimens for adults with Burkitt and Burkitt-like lymphomas: preserved efficacy with decreased toxicity. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004 Apr;45(4):761-7. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Mead GM, Barrans SL, Qian W, Walewski J, Radford JA, Wolf M, Clawson SM, Stenning SP, Yule CL, Jack AS; UK National Cancer Research Institute Lymphoma Clinical Studies Group; Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group. A prospective clinicopathologic study of dose-modified CODOX-M/IVAC in patients with sporadic Burkitt lymphoma defined using cytogenetic and immunophenotypic criteria (MRC/NCRI LY10 trial). Blood. 2008 Sep 15;112(6):2248-60. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-145128. Epub 2008 Jul 8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. Barnes JA, Lacasce AS, Feng Y, Toomey CE, Neuberg D, Michaelson JS, Hochberg EP, Abramson JS. Evaluation of the addition of rituximab to CODOX-M/IVAC for Burkitt's lymphoma: a retrospective analysis. Ann Oncol. 2011 Aug;22(8):1859-64. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdq677. Epub 2011 Feb 21. link to original article contains partial protocol PubMed content property of HemOnc.org
  4. Kassam S, Bower M, Lee SM, de Vos J, Fields P, Gandhi S, Nelson M, Montoto S, Tenant-Flowers M, Burns F, Marcus R, Edwards SG, Cwynarski K. A retrospective, multi-center analysis of treatment intensification for HIV-positive patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2012 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print] link to original article PubMed

R-EPOCH, dose-escalated (EPOCH-R)

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R-EPOCH: Rituximab, Etoposide, Prednisone, Oncovin, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin

Regimen, Sparano et al. 2010 (AMC034)

Phase II

Supportive medications:

21-day cycles x 6 to 8 cycles

References

  1. Sparano JA, Lee JY, Kaplan LD, Levine AM, Ramos JC, Ambinder RF, Wachsman W, Aboulafia D, Noy A, Henry DH, Von Roenn J, Dezube BJ, Remick SC, Shah MH, Leichman L, Ratner L, Cesarman E, Chadburn A, Mitsuyasu R; AIDS Malignancy Consortium. Rituximab plus concurrent infusional EPOCH chemotherapy is highly effective in HIV-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2010 Apr 15;115(15):3008-16. Epub 2009 Dec 18. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

SC-EPOCH-RR

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SC-EPOCH-RR: Short Course Rituximab, Etoposide, Prednisone, Oncovin, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, with dose-dense Rituximab

Regimen

Phase II

Dose modifications:

  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
    • In the subsequent cycle, decrease dose of Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) by 187 mg/m2 if ANC was less than 500/mm3 for 2 to 4 days or platelets were less than 25k for 2 to 4 days.
    • In the subsequent cycle, decrease dose of Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) by 375 mg/m2 if ANC was less than 500/mm3 for 5 or more days or platelets were less than 25k for 5 or more days.
    • If Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) was dose-reduced in prior cycle, increase dose of by 187 mg/m2, up to maximum of 750 mg/m2, if ANC was > 500/mm3 and platelets were > 25k for the entire cycle.

CNS prophylaxis:

Supportive medications:

21-day cycles for one cycle beyond CR, minimum 3 and maximum of 6 cycles

References

  1. Dunleavy K, Little RF, Pittaluga S, Grant N, Wayne AS, Carrasquillo JA, Steinberg SM, Yarchoan R, Jaffe ES, Wilson WH. The role of tumor histogenesis, FDG-PET, and short-course EPOCH with dose-dense rituximab (SC-EPOCH-RR) in HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2010 Apr 15;115(15):3017-24. Epub 2010 Feb 3. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Shovlin M, Steinberg SM, Cole D, Grant C, Widemann B, Staudt LM, Jaffe ES, Little RF, Wilson WH. Low-intensity therapy in adults with Burkitt's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 14;369(20):1915-25. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
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