T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric

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Section editor transclusions This page contains studies that were specific to pediatric populations. For the more general T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia page, follow this link.

16 regimens on this page
17 variants on this page


Guidelines

"How I Treat"

NCCN

COG AALL0434

Arms B (Nelarabine Arms)

Induction

All Patients

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Non-randomized portion of RCT
Chemotherapy
CNS prophylaxis
Age Initial Dose
1 - 1.99 years 30 mg
2 - 2.99 years 50 mg
≥ 3 years 70 mg
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg

29 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Consolidation

Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Nelarabine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine

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Regimen
Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (E-esc) Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine Not reported Similar toxicity

Note: although the induction doses of vincristine are capped at 2 mg, capping is not mentioned in the subsequent phases of treatment.

Preceding treatment
Chemotherapy
  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 1,000 mg/m2 IV once per day over 30 minutes on days 8 & 50
    • Must reduce urine specific gravity to ≤ 1.015 prior to administration
  • Cytarabine (Ara-C) 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 - 30 minutes or SC once per day on days 8 to 11, 15 to 18, 50 to 53, 57 to 60
  • Mercaptopurine (6-MP) 60 mg/m2 PO once per day on days 8 to 21, 50 to 63
    • DO NOT escalate or modify dose based on blood counts during this course.
  • Nelarabine (Arranon) 650 mg/m2 IV once per day over 60 minutes on days 1 to 5, 43 to 47
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2 IM or IV over 1 - 2 hours once per day on days 22 & 64
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2 (MAX 2 mg) IV once per day on days 22, 29, 64, 71

CNS prophylaxis

Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg
  • Whole-brain irradiation
    • CNS3 T-ALL: 1,800cGy in 10 once daily fractions.
    • Intermediate/High Risk ARM B: 1,200 cGy in 8 once-daily fractions given during weeks 4 and 5 of consolidation

71-day course

Subsequent treatment

  • Interim maintenance; see paper for details

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Interim Maintenance with Capizzi MTX

Arms A and B

Regimen
Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (E-esc) Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine Not reported Similar toxicity

Note: although the induction doses of vincristine are capped at 2 mg, capping is not mentioned in the subsequent phases of treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 100 mg/m2 IV once on day 1, then 150 mg/m2 IV once on day 11, then 200 mg/m2 IV once on day 21, then 250 mg/m2 IV once on day 31, then 300 mg/m2 IV once on day 41
    • If delay is necessary for myelosuppression and/or Grade 3 mucositis, discontinue escalation and resume at 80% of last dose.
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV once per day on days 1, 11, 21, 31, 41
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2 IM or IV over 1 - 2 hours once per day on days 2 and 22.
CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg

56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Delayed Intensification (Nelarabine Arms)

Arm B and D

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (E-esc) Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine Not reported Similar toxicity

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg


Radiotherapy

63 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Maintenance Arms

Arms B and D

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (E-esc) Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine Not reported Similar toxicity

Chemotherapy

  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (max dose 2 mg) on days 1 and 57.
  • Prednisone (Sterapred) 20 mg/m2/dose PO twice per day on days 1 - 5 and 57 - 61 (Total of 40 mg/m2/day, divided BID)
  • Mercaptopurine (6-MP) 75 mg/m2/dose PO once per day on days 1 to 28 and 36 - 84.
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 20 mg/m2/dose PO on days 8, 15, 22, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78.
    • No dose escalation recommended for the first maintenance cycle.
    • Thereafter, for ANC ≥ 1,500μL on 3 CBCs done over 6 weeks or 2 monthly CBCs, increase dose of methotrexate or mercaptopurine by 25%.
  • Nelarabine (Arranon) 650 mg/m2 IV over 60 minutes once per day on days 29 - 33.
    • DO NOT Administer with other Chemotherapy agents.
CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg 
Repeat above cycle for a total of 3 cycles.

3 Cycles

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Continued Maintenance

Arms B and D after Cycle 3

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (E-esc) Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine Not reported Similar toxicity

Chemotherapy

  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (max dose 2 mg) on days 1, 29, and 57.
  • Prednisone (Sterapred) 20 mg/m2/dose PO twice per day on days 1 - 5, 29 - 33, and 57 - 61. (Total of 40 mg/m2/day, divided BID)
  • Mercaptopurine (6-MP) 75 mg/m2/dose PO once per day on days 1 - 84.
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 20 mg/m2/dose PO on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78.
    • No dose escalation recommended for the first maintenance cycle.
    • Thereafter, for ANC ≥ 1,500μL on 3 CBCs done over 6 weeks or 2 monthly CBCs, increase dose of methotrexate or mercaptopurine by 25%.
CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg

Duration

  • Girls T-ALL: Continue repeating 12 week cycles of maintenance therapy II until the total duration of therapy is two years from the start of Interim Maintenance (~ Week 121)
  • Boys T-ALL: Continue to repeat 12 week cycles of Maintenance therapy II until the total duration of therapy is three years from the start of Interim Maintenance (~ Week 173).
  • T-NHL patients (regardless of gender): Continue to repeat 12 week cycles of maintenance therapy II until the total duration reaches two years from the start of Interim Maintenance (~ Week 121)

84 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

COG AALL1231 Arm A

Induction

All T-ALL and T-LLy patients

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis
  • Cytarabine (Ara-C) IT once on day 1 or at the time of diagnostic lumbar puncture (if within 72 hours of protocol initiation).
Age Initial Dose
1 - 1.99 years 30 mg
2 - 2.99 years 50 mg
≥ 3 years 70 mg
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Consolidation

All T-ALL and T-LLy Patients

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis

  • Methotrexate (MTX) IT once per day on days 1, 8, 15 & 22
    • CNS3 patients and CNS3 T-LLy: Omit days 15 and 22.
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg

56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

SR Patients

Interim Maintenance with CMTX

SR Patients Receive After Consolidation

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) 100 mg/m2 IV once on day 1, then 150 mg/m2 IV once on day 11, then 200 mg/m2 IV once on day 21, then 250 mg/m2 IV once on day 31, then 300 mg/m2 IV once on day 41.
    • If delay is necessary for myelosuppression and/or Grade 3 mucositis, discontinue escalation and resume at 80% of last dose.
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV once per day on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41.
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2/dose IV over 1 - 2 hours once per day on days 2 and 22.
CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg


56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Delayed Intensification

All T-ALL and T-LLy Patients

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg


56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

IR Patients

Delayed Intensification

All T-ALL and T-LLy Patients

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg


56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Interim Maintenance #1 with HDMTX - ALL IR Patients

SR and VHR T-ALL and T-LLy DO NOT RECEIVE

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV once per day on days 1, 15, 29, and 43.
  • Mercaptopurine (6-MP) 25 mg/m2/dose PO once per day on days 1 - 56.
  • High Dose Methotrexate (MTX) 5,000 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours on days 1, 15, 29, and 43.
    • Methotrexate 500 mg/m2 IV infused over 30 minutes. This is followed, immediately, by methotrexate 4,500 mg/m2 given by continuous IV infusion over 23.5 hours.
  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 15 mg/m2 x a minimum of 3 doses PO or IV (given at 42, 48, and 54 hours after the START of high dose methotrexate infusion) on days 3 - 4, 17 - 18, 31 - 32, and 45 - 46.
CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg

56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Interim Maintenance #2 with CMTX - ALL IR Patients

IR T-ALL and T-LLy Patients receive this after DI as IM#2

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) 100 mg/m2 IV once on day 1, then 150 mg/m2 IV once on day 11, then 200 mg/m2 IV once on day 21, then 250 mg/m2 IV once on day 31, then 300 mg/m2 IV once on day 41.
    • If delay is necessary for myelosuppression and/or Grade 3 mucositis, discontinue escalation and resume at 80% of last dose.
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV once per day on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41.
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2/dose IV over 1 - 2 hours once per day on days 2 and 22.
CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg


56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

VHR Patients

Intensification Block 1

VHR Patients receive immediately after consolidation

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Dexamethasone (Decadron) 10 mg/m2/dose IV or PO twice per day on days 1 - 5 (20 mg/m2/day, divided BID).
  • High Dose Methotrexate (MTX) 5,000 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours on day 1 ONLY.
    • Methotrexate 500 mg/m2 IV infused over 30 minutes. This is followed, immediately, by methotrexate 4,500 mg/m2 given by continuous IV infusion over 23.5 hours.
  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 15 mg/m2 x a minimum of 3 doses PO or IV (given at 42, 48, and 54 hours after the START of high dose methotrexate infusion) on days 3 - 4.
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (max dose 2 mg) on days 1 and 6.
  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 200 mg/m2/dose every 12 hours IV over 1 - 6 hours x 5 doses on days 2 - 4.
  • High Dose Cytarabine (Ara-C) 2,000 mg/m2/dose every 12 hours IV over 3 hours x 2 doses on day 5.
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2/dose IV over 1 - 2 hours on day 6.
    • Administer 3 hours after completion of the second high dose Cytarabine infusion
  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) 5 mcg/kg/dose SC or IV daily beginning on day 7 and until WBC > 3000μL
Triple Intrathecal Therapy
Given on day 1, 2 hours after the start of HD MTX infusion

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Intensification Block 2

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Dexamethasone (Decadron) 10 mg/m2/dose IV or PO twice per day on days 1 - 5 (20 mg/m2/day, divided BID).
  • High Dose Methotrexate (MTX) 5,000 mg/m2 IV over 24 hours on day 1 ONLY.
    • Methotrexate 500 mg/m2 IV infused over 30 minutes. This is followed, immediately, by methotrexate 4,500 mg/m2 given by continuous IV infusion over 23.5 hours.
  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 15 mg/m2 x a minimum of 3 doses PO or IV (given at 42, 48, and 54 hours after the START of high dose methotrexate infusion) on days 3 - 4.
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (max dose 2 mg) on days 1 and 6.
  • Ifosfamide (Ifex) 800 mg/m2/dose every 12 hours IV infusion over 1 hour x 5 doses on days 2 - 4.
    • Start Immediately after completion of high dose methotrexate infusion.
    • Mesna (Mesnex) 300 mg/m2/dose at hour 0, 4, and 8 from the start of each Ifosfamide (Ifex) infusion on days 2 - 4.
  • Daunorubicin (Cerubidine) 30 mg/m2/dose IV over 1 - 15 minutes on day 5.
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2/dose IV over 1 - 2 hours on day 6.
  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) 5 mcg/kg/dose SC or IV daily beginning on day 7 and until WBC > 3000μL
Triple Intrathecal Therapy
Given on day 1, 2 hours after the start of HD MTX infusion

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Intensification Block 3

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Dexamethasone (Decadron) 10 mg/m2/dose IV or PO twice per day on days 1 - 5 (20 mg/m2/day, divided BID).
  • High Dose Cytarabine (Ara-C) 2,000 mg/m2/dose every 12 hours IV over 3 hours x 4 doses on days 1 - 2.
  • Etoposide (Vepesid) 100 mg/m2/dose every 12 hours IV over 1 - 2 hours x 5 doses on days 3 - 5.
    • First dose to be given 12 hours after the start of the 4th HD Cytarabine on day 2.
    • Infusion rate should not exceed 300 mg/m2/hour (10 mg/kg/hour).
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2/dose IV over 1 - 2 hours on day 6.
  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) 5 mcg/kg/dose SC or IV daily beginning on day 7 and until WBC > 3000μL


Triple Intrathecal Therapy
Given on day 1, 2 hours after the start of HD MTX infusion

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916


Delayed Intensification

All T-ALL and T-LLy Patients

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg


56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Interim Maintenance with CMTX

VHR Patients receive after DI

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) 100 mg/m2 IV once on day 1, then 150 mg/m2 IV once on day 11, then 200 mg/m2 IV once on day 21, then 250 mg/m2 IV once on day 31, then 300 mg/m2 IV once on day 41.
    • If delay is necessary for myelosuppression and/or Grade 3 mucositis, discontinue escalation and resume at 80% of last dose.
  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV once per day on days 1, 11, 21, 31, and 41.
  • Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) 2,500 units/m2/dose IV over 1 - 2 hours once per day on days 2 and 22.
CNS prophylaxis
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg


56 Day Course

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Maintenance - All Patients

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Chemotherapy

  • Vincristine (Oncovin) 1.5 mg/m2/dose (max dose 2 mg) on days 1, 29, and 57.
  • Dexamethasone (Decadron) 3 mg/m2/dose IV or PO twice per day on days 1 - 5, 29 - 33, and 57 - 61 (6 mg/m2/day, divided BID).
  • Mercaptopurine (6-MP) 75 mg/m2/dose PO once per day on days 1 - 84.
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 20 mg/m2/dose once weekly on days 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, and 78.
    • Omit day 29 of the first FOUR cycles for SR T-ALL and T-LLy patients.
    • Omit day 29 of the first TWO cycles for IR T-ALL and T-LLy patients.
CNS prophylaxis
  • Methotrexate (MTX) IT once on days 1.
    • Also on day 29 of the first FOUR cycles for SR patients.
    • Also on day 29 of the first TWO cycles for IR patients.
Age Dose
1 - 1.99 8 mg
2 - 2.99 10 mg
3 - 8.99 12 mg
≥ 9 15 mg

Radiotherapy

ONLY the following groups receive CRT during the first cycle of maintenance.

Duration of therapy

  • SR and IR T-ALL Girls: repeat 12 week cycles of maintenance for a total duration of 2 years from Interim Maintenance start.
  • VHR T-ALL Girls: Repeat 12 week cycles of maintenance for a total duration of 2 years from Intensification Block 1 start.
  • SR and IR T-ALL Boys: repeat 12 week cycles of maintenance for a total duration of 3 years from Interim Maintenance start.
  • VHR T-ALL Boys: Repeat 12 week cycles of maintenance for a total duration of 3 years from Intensification Block 1 start.
  • T-LLy regardless of gender: repeat 12 week cycles of maintenance for a total duration of 2 years from Interim Maintenance start.

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Pre-phase

Methylprednisolone monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
Place et al. 2015 (DFCI 05-001) 2005-2011 Non-randomized portion of RCT
Burns et al. 2020 (DFCI 11-001) 2012-2015 Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: Burns et al. 2020 is both an update of DFCI 05-001 and the primary publication of DFCI 11-001.

Chemotherapy

3-day course

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. DFCI 05-001: Place AE, Stevenson KE, Vrooman LM, Harris MH, Hunt SK, O'Brien JE, Supko JG, Asselin BL, Athale UH, Clavell LA, Cole PD, Kelly KM, Laverdiere C, Leclerc JM, Michon B, Schorin MA, Welch JJ, Lipshultz SE, Kutok JL, Blonquist TM, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Silverman LB. Intravenous pegylated asparaginase versus intramuscular native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (DFCI 05-001): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):1677-90. Epub 2015 Nov 6. link to original article PubMed NCT00400946
    1. Pooled update: Burns MA, Place AE, Stevenson KE, Gutiérrez A, Forrest S, Pikman Y, Vrooman LM, Harris MH, Hunt SK, O'Brien JE, Asselin BL, Athale UH, Clavell LA, Cole PD, Gennarini LM, Kahn JM, Kelly KM, Laverdiere C, Leclerc JM, Michon B, Schorin MA, Sulis ML, Welch JJG, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Silverman LB. Identification of prognostic factors in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from DFCI ALL Consortium Protocols 05-001 and 11-001. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Jan;68(1):e28719. Epub 2020 Oct 7. Erratum in: Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Mar;68(3):e28885. link to original article contains verified protocol in supplement PubMed
  2. DFCI 11-001: Burns MA, Place AE, Stevenson KE, Gutiérrez A, Forrest S, Pikman Y, Vrooman LM, Harris MH, Hunt SK, O'Brien JE, Asselin BL, Athale UH, Clavell LA, Cole PD, Gennarini LM, Kahn JM, Kelly KM, Laverdiere C, Leclerc JM, Michon B, Schorin MA, Sulis ML, Welch JJG, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Silverman LB. Identification of prognostic factors in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from DFCI ALL Consortium Protocols 05-001 and 11-001. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Jan;68(1):e28719. Epub 2020 Oct 7. Erratum in: Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Mar;68(3):e28885. link to original article contains verified protocol in supplement PubMed NCT01574274

Upfront induction therapy

Daunorubicin, Pegaspargase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone

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Regimen, modified ABFM

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
Vora et al. 2013 (UKALL 2003) 2003-2011 Non-randomized portion of RCT

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis

  • Cytarabine (Ara-C) as follows:
    • Ages 1 to 1.99: 30 mg IT once on day 1
    • Ages 2 to 2.99: 50 mg IT once on day 1
    • Age 3 and older: 70 mg IT once on day 1
  • Methotrexate (MTX) as follows:
    • Ages 1 to 1.99: 8 mg IT once per day on days 8 & 29
    • Ages 2 to 2.99: 10 mg IT once per day on days 8 & 29
    • Ages 3 to 8.99: 12 mg IT once per day on days 8 & 29
    • Age 9 and older: 15 mg IT once per day on days 8 & 29

4-week course

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. UKALL 2003: Vora A, Goulden N, Wade R, Mitchell C, Hancock J, Hough R, Rowntree C, Richards S. Treatment reduction for children and young adults with low-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia defined by minimal residual disease (UKALL 2003): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Mar;14(3):199-209. link to original article PubMed ISRCTN07355119

Daunorubicin, Pegaspargase, Vincristine, Prednisone

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Non-randomized portion of RCT

Chemotherapy

4-week course

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

DOLP

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DOLP: Daunorubicin, Oncovin (Vincristine), L-Asparaginase, Prednisone
DVPA: Daunorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone, Asparaginase

Regimen (BFM 76/79 Phase I)

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gaynon et al. 1988 (CCG-106) 1983-1984 Phase III (E-esc) 1. Control regimen Seems to have superior EFS36
2. New York regimen Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS36
Steinherz et al. 1998 (CCG-123) 1983-1985 Phase III (C) 1. LSA2-L2 & WBRT
2. LSA-L2
3. New York regimen 		Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS

Note: the specific days of L-asparaginase are not specified; the schedule here is similar to those of other similar protocols.

Chemotherapy

CNS therapy

6-week course

Subsequent treatment

  • BFM 76/79 Phase II

References

  1. CCG-106: Gaynon PS, Steinherz PG, Bleyer WA, Ablin AR, Albo VC, Finklestein JZ, Grossman NJ, Littman PS, Novak LT, Pyesmany AF, Sather HN, Hammond GD. Intensive therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and unfavourable presenting features: early conclusions of study CCG-106 by the Childrens Cancer Study Group. Lancet. 1988 Oct 22;2(8617):921-4. link to original article PubMed
  2. CCG-123: Steinherz PG, Gaynon PS, Breneman JC, Cherlow JM, Grossman NJ, Kersey JH, Johnstone HS, Sather HN, Trigg ME, Uckun FM, Bleyer WA. Treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with bulky extramedullary disease and T-cell phenotype or other poor prognostic features: randomized controlled trial from the Children's Cancer Group. Cancer. 1998 Feb 1;82(3):600-12. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Pegaspargase, Vincristine, Methylprednisolone

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Place et al. 2015 (DFCI 05-001) 2005-2011 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Doxorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Methylprednisolone Did not meet secondary endpoint of DFS Less anxiety
Burns et al. 2020 (DFCI 11-001) 2012-2015 Phase 3 (C) Calaspargase, Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Methylprednisolone Not reported

Note: Burns et al. 2020 is both an update of DFCI 05-001 and the primary publication of DFCI 11-001. Day numbering takes into account the pre-phase.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

28-day course

CNS prophylaxis

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. DFCI 05-001: Place AE, Stevenson KE, Vrooman LM, Harris MH, Hunt SK, O'Brien JE, Supko JG, Asselin BL, Athale UH, Clavell LA, Cole PD, Kelly KM, Laverdiere C, Leclerc JM, Michon B, Schorin MA, Welch JJ, Lipshultz SE, Kutok JL, Blonquist TM, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Silverman LB. Intravenous pegylated asparaginase versus intramuscular native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (DFCI 05-001): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):1677-90. Epub 2015 Nov 6. link to original article PubMed NCT00400946
    1. Pooled update: Burns MA, Place AE, Stevenson KE, Gutiérrez A, Forrest S, Pikman Y, Vrooman LM, Harris MH, Hunt SK, O'Brien JE, Asselin BL, Athale UH, Clavell LA, Cole PD, Gennarini LM, Kahn JM, Kelly KM, Laverdiere C, Leclerc JM, Michon B, Schorin MA, Sulis ML, Welch JJG, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Silverman LB. Identification of prognostic factors in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from DFCI ALL Consortium Protocols 05-001 and 11-001. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Jan;68(1):e28719. Epub 2020 Oct 7. Erratum in: Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Mar;68(3):e28885. link to original article contains verified protocol in supplement PubMed
  2. DFCI 11-001: Burns MA, Place AE, Stevenson KE, Gutiérrez A, Forrest S, Pikman Y, Vrooman LM, Harris MH, Hunt SK, O'Brien JE, Asselin BL, Athale UH, Clavell LA, Cole PD, Gennarini LM, Kahn JM, Kelly KM, Laverdiere C, Leclerc JM, Michon B, Schorin MA, Sulis ML, Welch JJG, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Silverman LB. Identification of prognostic factors in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from DFCI ALL Consortium Protocols 05-001 and 11-001. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Jan;68(1):e28719. Epub 2020 Oct 7. Erratum in: Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Mar;68(3):e28885. link to original article contains verified protocol in supplement PubMed NCT01574274

Consolidation after upfront therapy

Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Nelarabine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (E-esc) Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine Not reported Similar toxicity

Note: although the induction doses of vincristine are capped at 2 mg, capping is not mentioned in the subsequent phases of treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis

71-day course

Subsequent treatment

  • Interim maintenance; see paper for details

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine

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Regimen variant #1

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy Comparative Toxicity
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (C) Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Mercaptopurine, Nelarabine, Pegaspargase, Vincristine Not reported Similar toxicity

Note: although the induction doses of vincristine are capped at 2 mg, capping is not mentioned in the subsequent phases of treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis

71-day course

Subsequent treatment

  • Interim maintenance; see paper for details

Regimen variant #2

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
(COG AALL1231) 2014-NR Non-randomized portion of RCT

Note: this regimen is available as a COG protocol but no manuscript has been published yet, to our knowledge. Per the protocol, it is intended only for patients greater than 1 and less than 31 years of age.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) "is not required for this dose of cyclophosphamide, but may be administered at institutional discretion."

CNS prophylaxis

  • Methotrexate (MTX) as follows, for CNS3:
    • Ages 1 to 1.99: 8 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8
    • Ages 2 to 2.99: 10 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8
    • Ages 3 to 8.99: 12 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8
    • Age 9 and older: 15 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8

50-day course

Subsequent treatment

  • See protocol for details of treatment beyond consolidation, which is guided by MRD status obtained at the end of induction.

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. COG AALL1231: NCT02112916

Doxorubicin, L-asparaginase, Mercaptopurine, Vincristine, Prednisone

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Asselin et al. 2011 (POG 9404) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (C) Doxorubicin, L-asparaginase, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Prednisone Seems to have inferior EFS

Chemotherapy

References

  1. POG 9404: Asselin BL, Devidas M, Wang C, Pullen J, Borowitz MJ, Hutchison R, Lipshultz SE, Camitta BM. Effectiveness of high-dose methotrexate in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced-stage lymphoblastic lymphoma: a randomized study by the Children's Oncology Group (POG 9404). Blood. 2011 Jul 28;118(4):874-83. Epub 2011 Apr 7. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Doxorubicin, L-asparaginase, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Prednisone

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Asselin et al. 2011 (POG 9404) 1996-2001 Phase 3 (E-esc) Doxorubicin, L-asparaginase, Mercaptopurine, Vincristine, Prednisone Seems to have superior EFS

Chemotherapy

References

  1. POG 9404: Asselin BL, Devidas M, Wang C, Pullen J, Borowitz MJ, Hutchison R, Lipshultz SE, Camitta BM. Effectiveness of high-dose methotrexate in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced-stage lymphoblastic lymphoma: a randomized study by the Children's Oncology Group (POG 9404). Blood. 2011 Jul 28;118(4):874-83. Epub 2011 Apr 7. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Etoposide & TBI, then allo HSCT

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence
Peters et al. 2015 (ALL-SCT-BFM 2003) 2003-2011 Non-randomized

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Immunotherapy

One course

Immunotherapy

Stem cells transfused on day 0

References

  1. ALL-BFM 90: Schrappe M, Reiter A, Ludwig WD, Harbott J, Zimmermann M, Hiddemann W, Niemeyer C, Henze G, Feldges A, Zintl F, Kornhuber B, Ritter J, Welte K, Gadner H, Riehm H; German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: results of trial ALL-BFM 90. Blood. 2000 Jun 1;95(11):3310-22. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Subgroup analysis: Schrauder A, Reiter A, Gadner H, Niethammer D, Klingebiel T, Kremens B, Peters C, Ebell W, Zimmermann M, Niggli F, Ludwig WD, Riehm H, Welte K, Schrappe M. Superiority of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation compared with chemotherapy alone in high-risk childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from ALL-BFM 90 and 95. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 20;24(36):5742-9. link to original article PubMed
  2. ALL-BFM 95: Möricke A, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, Gadner H, Stanulla M, Dördelmann M, Löning L, Beier R, Ludwig WD, Ratei R, Harbott J, Boos J, Mann G, Niggli F, Feldges A, Henze G, Welte K, Beck JD, Klingebiel T, Niemeyer C, Zintl F, Bode U, Urban C, Wehinger H, Niethammer D, Riehm H, Schrappe M; German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group. Risk-adjusted therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolled in the trial ALL-BFM 95. Blood. 2008 May 1;111(9):4477-89. Epub 2008 Feb 19. Erratum in: Blood. 2009 Apr 30;113(18):4478. Dosage error in article text. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Subgroup analysis: Schrauder A, Reiter A, Gadner H, Niethammer D, Klingebiel T, Kremens B, Peters C, Ebell W, Zimmermann M, Niggli F, Ludwig WD, Riehm H, Welte K, Schrappe M. Superiority of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation compared with chemotherapy alone in high-risk childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from ALL-BFM 90 and 95. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 20;24(36):5742-9. link to original article PubMed
  3. ALL-SCT-BFM-2003: Peters C, Schrappe M, von Stackelberg A, Schrauder A, Bader P, Ebell W, Lang P, Sykora KW, Schrum J, Kremens B, Ehlert K, Albert MH, Meisel R, Matthes-Martin S, Gungor T, Holter W, Strahm B, Gruhn B, Schulz A, Woessmann W, Poetschger U, Zimmermann M, Klingebiel T. Stem-cell transplantation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective international multicenter trial comparing sibling donors with matched unrelated donors-the ALL-SCT-BFM-2003 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Apr 10;33(11):1265-74. Epub 2015 Mar 9. link to original article PubMed

L-asparaginase monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Amylon et al. 1999 (POG 8704) 1987-1992 Phase 3 (E-esc) No L-asp Superior CRR

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 5 cycles

References

  1. POG 8704: Amylon MD, Shuster J, Pullen J, Berard C, Link MP, Wharam M, Katz J, Yu A, Laver J, Ravindranath Y, Kurtzberg J, Desai S, Camitta B, Murphy SB. Intensive high-dose asparaginase consolidation improves survival for pediatric patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced stage lymphoblastic lymphoma: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Leukemia. 1999 Mar;13(3):335-42. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Interim maintenance

Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Vincristine

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BFM HDMTX: Berlin Frankfurt Muenster High-Dose MTX (Methotrexate) regimen

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (C) COG C-MTX Seems to have inferior OS1

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2018 update.
Details to be completed

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

8-week course

Subsequent treatment

  • Delayed intensification

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Methotrexate, Pegaspargase, Vincristine

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COG C-MTX: Children's Oncology Group Capizzi-style MTX (Methotrexate) regimen

Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Winter et al. 2015 (COG AALL0434) 2007-2014 Phase III (C) BFM HDMTX Seems to have superior OS

Details to be completed; reported efficacy is based on the 2018 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

8-week course

Subsequent treatment

  • Delayed intensification

References

  1. COG AALL0434: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Eisenberg N, Asselin BL, Wood BL, Leonard Rn MS, Murphy J, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Loh ML, Raetz EA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Jul;62(7):1176-83. Epub 2015 Mar 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00408005
    1. Update: Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Improved survival for children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 methotrexate randomization. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
    2. Update: Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Rabin KR, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Schultz KR, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP. Children's Oncology Group AALL0434: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial Testing Nelarabine in Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Oct 1;38(28):3282-3293. Epub 2020 Aug 19. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Relapsed or refractory

Mitoxantrone, Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi, Vincristine, Dexamethasone

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Parker et al. 2010 (CCLG ALL R3) 2003-NR Phase III, <20 pts in this subgroup (E-switch-ic) Idarubicin, Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi, Vincristine, Dexamethasone Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS

Note: per the protocol, this regimen is intended only for patients 18 and younger and for patients allergic to pegaspargase. This is the same regimen used in relapsed B-ALL, but this subgroup did not have a statistically significant difference between the regimens.

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis

  • Methotrexate (MTX) as follows:
    • Age less than 2: 8 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8
    • Age 2: 10 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8
    • Age older than 2: 12 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8

4-week course

Subsequent treatment

  • See paper for details of treatment beyond induction

References

  1. CCLG ALL R3: Parker C, Waters R, Leighton C, Hancock J, Sutton R, Moorman AV, Ancliff P, Morgan M, Masurekar A, Goulden N, Green N, Révész T, Darbyshire P, Love S, Saha V. Effect of mitoxantrone on outcome of children with first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL R3): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2010 Dec 11;376(9757):2009-17. Epub 2010 Dec 3. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed ISRCTN45724312

Mitoxantrone, Pegaspargase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Parker et al. 2010 (CCLG ALL R3) 2003-NR Phase III, <20 pts in this subgroup (E-switch-ic) Idarubicin, Pegaspargase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS

Note: per the protocol, this regimen is intended only for patients 18 and younger. This is the same regimen used in relapsed B-ALL, but this subgroup did not have a statistically significant difference between the regimens.

Chemotherapy

CNS prophylaxis

  • Methotrexate (MTX) as follows:
    • Age less than 2: 8 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8
    • Age 2: 10 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8
    • Age older than 2: 12 mg IT once per day on days 1 & 8

4-week course

Subsequent treatment

  • See paper for details of treatment beyond induction

References

  1. CCLG ALL R3: Parker C, Waters R, Leighton C, Hancock J, Sutton R, Moorman AV, Ancliff P, Morgan M, Masurekar A, Goulden N, Green N, Révész T, Darbyshire P, Love S, Saha V. Effect of mitoxantrone on outcome of children with first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL R3): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2010 Dec 11;376(9757):2009-17. Epub 2010 Dec 3. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed ISRCTN45724312

Nelarabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Years of enrollment Evidence Efficacy
Berg et al. 2005 1997-2002 Phase II (RT) ORR: 14-55%
Zwaan et al. 2017 (GSK 111081) 2009-2014 Phase IV ORR: 39%

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Berg SL, Blaney SM, Devidas M, Lampkin TA, Murgo A, Bernstein M, Billett A, Kurtzberg J, Reaman G, Gaynon P, Whitlock J, Krailo M, Harris MB; Children's Oncology Group. Phase II study of nelarabine (compound 506U78) in children and young adults with refractory T-cell malignancies: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005 May 20;23(15):3376-82. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  2. GSK 111081: Zwaan CM, Kowalczyk J, Schmitt C, Bielorai B, Russo MW, Woessner M, Ranganathan S, Leverger G. Safety and efficacy of nelarabine in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or T-lineage lymphoblastic lymphoma: results of a phase 4 study. Br J Haematol. 2017 Oct;179(2):284-293. Epub 2017 Aug 2. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT00866671
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