CNS lymphoma

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Section editors
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 Seema Nagpal, MD
Stanford University
Palo Alto, CA
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 J.C. Villasboas Bisneto, MD
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
42 regimens on this page
60 variants on this page


Guidelines

BSH

EANO

ESH

ESMO

GELTAMO

NCCN

CNS prophylaxis, systemic therapy

HiDAC

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HiDAC: High Dose Ara-C (Cytarabine)

Regimen

Study Evidence
Holte et al. 2013 (CRY-04) Phase II

Note: IT treatment was not part of prophylaxis, except that Methotrexate (MTX) 15 mg IT was allowed at time of diagnostic LP.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

  • Cytarabine (Ara-C) 3000 mg/m2 IV twice per day on days 1 & 2 (total dose: 12,000 mg/m2)
    • Dose reduced to 2000 mg/m2 for patients aged 60 to 65 years

21-day course

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. CRY-04: Holte H, Leppä S, Björkholm M, Fluge O, Jyrkkiö S, Delabie J, Sundström C, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Erlanson M, Kolstad A, Fosså A, Ostenstad B, Löfvenberg E, Nordström M, Janes R, Pedersen LM, Anderson H, Jerkeman M, Eriksson M; Nordic Lymphoma Group. Dose-densified chemoimmunotherapy followed by systemic central nervous system prophylaxis for younger high-risk diffuse large B-cell/follicular grade 3 lymphoma patients: results of a phase II Nordic Lymphoma Group study. Ann Oncol. 2013 May;24(5):1385-92. Epub 2012 Dec 17. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT01502982

Methotrexate monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Holte et al. 2013 (CRY-04) Phase II

Note: IT treatment was not part of prophylaxis, except that Methotrexate (MTX) 15 mg IT was allowed at time of diagnostic LP.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

One course

References

  1. CRY-04: Holte H, Leppä S, Björkholm M, Fluge O, Jyrkkiö S, Delabie J, Sundström C, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Erlanson M, Kolstad A, Fosså A, Ostenstad B, Löfvenberg E, Nordström M, Janes R, Pedersen LM, Anderson H, Jerkeman M, Eriksson M; Nordic Lymphoma Group. Dose-densified chemoimmunotherapy followed by systemic central nervous system prophylaxis for younger high-risk diffuse large B-cell/follicular grade 3 lymphoma patients: results of a phase II Nordic Lymphoma Group study. Ann Oncol. 2013 May;24(5):1385-92. Epub 2012 Dec 17. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed NCT01502982

CNS treatment, local therapy

IT Cytarabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Glantz et al. 1999 Phase III (C) IT liposomal cytarabine Inferior ORR

Chemotherapy, CNS

4-week course

Subsequent treatment

  • Further therapy was given to responders; see text for details

References

  1. Glantz MJ, LaFollette S, Jaeckle KA, Shapiro W, Swinnen L, Rozental JR, Phuphanich S, Rogers LR, Gutheil JC, Batchelor T, Lyter D, Chamberlain M, Maria BL, Schiffer C, Bashir R, Thomas D, Cowens W, Howell SB. Randomized trial of a slow-release versus a standard formulation of cytarabine for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Oct;17(10):3110-6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

IT Cytarabine liposomal monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Glantz et al. 1999 Phase III (E-switch-ic) IT cytarabine Superior ORR

Chemotherapy, CNS

14-day cycle for 2 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • Further therapy was given to responders; see text for details

References

  1. Glantz MJ, LaFollette S, Jaeckle KA, Shapiro W, Swinnen L, Rozental JR, Phuphanich S, Rogers LR, Gutheil JC, Batchelor T, Lyter D, Chamberlain M, Maria BL, Schiffer C, Bashir R, Thomas D, Cowens W, Howell SB. Randomized trial of a slow-release versus a standard formulation of cytarabine for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Oct;17(10):3110-6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Upfront therapy, randomized data

CYM

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CYM: CYtarabine & Methotrexate

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ferreri et al. 2009 (IELSG20) Randomized Phase II, >20 per arm (E-esc) High-dose MTX Seems to have superior CR rate
Ferreri et al. 2016 (IELSG32) Randomized Phase II (C) 1. Cytarabine, Methotrexate, Rituximab Did not meet primary endpoint of CR rate
2. MATRix Inferior CR rate

Chemotherapy

  • Cytarabine (Ara-C) 2000 mg/m2 IV over 60 minutes every 12 hours on days 2 & 3
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 500 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes, then 3000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours once on day 1 (total dose per cycle: 3500 mg/m2)

Supportive medications

  • As described in Ferreri et al. 2016:
  • Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) 15 mg/m2 IV every 6 hours for 12 doses, beginning 24 hours after the start of Methotrexate (MTX)
    • Modifications if MTX level is high 48 hours after the end of the infusion; see paper for details

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. IELSG20: Ferreri AJ, Reni M, Foppoli M, Martelli M, Pangalis GA, Frezzato M, Cabras MG, Fabbri A, Corazzelli G, Ilariucci F, Rossi G, Soffietti R, Stelitano C, Vallisa D, Zaja F, Zoppegno L, Aondio GM, Avvisati G, Balzarotti M, Brandes AA, Fajardo J, Gomez H, Guarini A, Pinotti G, Rigacci L, Uhlmann C, Picozzi P, Vezzulli P, Ponzoni M, Zucca E, Caligaris-Cappio F, Cavalli F; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG). High-dose cytarabine plus high-dose methotrexate versus high-dose methotrexate alone in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2009 Oct 31;374(9700):1512-20. Epub 2009 Sep 18. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. IELSG32: Ferreri AJ, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS, Torri V, Fox CP, Rosée PL, Schorb E, Ambrosetti A, Roth A, Hemmaway C, Ferrari A, Linton KM, Rudà R, Binder M, Pukrop T, Balzarotti M, Fabbri A, Johnson P, Gørløv JS, Hess G, Panse J, Pisani F, Tucci A, Stilgenbauer S, Hertenstein B, Keller U, Krause SW, Levis A, Schmoll HJ, Cavalli F, Finke J, Reni M, Zucca E, Illerhaus G; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab (MATRix regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the first randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 (IELSG32) phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 May;3(5):e217-27. Epub 2016 Apr 6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Cytarabine, Methotrexate, Rituximab

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R-HD-MTX/ARA-C: Rituximab, High-Dose MethoTreXate, ARA-C (Cytarabine)

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ferreri et al. 2015 (SCNSL1) Phase II
Ferreri et al. 2016 (IELSG32) Randomized Phase II (E-esc) 1. Cytarabine & Methotrexate Did not meet primary endpoint of CR rate
2. MATRix Seems to have inferior CR rate

Note: SCNSL1 was intended for secondary CNS lymphoma, whereas IELSG32 was intended for primary CNS lymphoma.

Preceding treatment

  • SCNSL1: R-CHOP x 1

Chemotherapy

CNS therapy

Supportive medications

  • Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) 15 mg/m2 IV every 6 hours for 12 doses, beginning 24 hours after the start of Methotrexate (MTX)
    • Modifications if MTX level is high 48 hours after the end of the infusion; see paper for details

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. SCNSL1: Ferreri AJ, Donadoni G, Cabras MG, Patti C, Mian M, Zambello R, Tarella C, Di Nicola M, D'Arco AM, Doa G, Bruno-Ventre M, Assanelli A, Foppoli M, Citterio G, Fanni A, Mulè A, Caligaris-Cappio F, Ciceri F. High doses of antimetabolites followed by high-dose sequential chemoimmunotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with systemic B-cell lymphoma and secondary CNS involvement: Final results of a multicenter phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Nov 20;33(33):3903-10. Epub 2015 Aug 17. link to original article PubMed
  2. IELSG32: Ferreri AJ, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS, Torri V, Fox CP, Rosée PL, Schorb E, Ambrosetti A, Roth A, Hemmaway C, Ferrari A, Linton KM, Rudà R, Binder M, Pukrop T, Balzarotti M, Fabbri A, Johnson P, Gørløv JS, Hess G, Panse J, Pisani F, Tucci A, Stilgenbauer S, Hertenstein B, Keller U, Krause SW, Levis A, Schmoll HJ, Cavalli F, Finke J, Reni M, Zucca E, Illerhaus G; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab (MATRix regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the first randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 (IELSG32) phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 May;3(5):e217-27. Epub 2016 Apr 6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

MATRix

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MATRix: Methotrexate, Ara-C (Cytarabine), Thiotepa, Rituximab

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ferreri et al. 2016 (IELSG32) Randomized Phase II (E-esc) 1. Cytarabine & Methotrexate Superior CR rate
2. Cytarabine, Methotrexate, Rituximab Seems to have superior CR rate

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) 15 mg/m2 IV every 6 hours for 12 doses, beginning 24 hours after the start of Methotrexate (MTX)
    • Modifications if MTX level is high 48 hours after the end of the infusion; see paper for details

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. IELSG32: Ferreri AJ, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS, Torri V, Fox CP, Rosée PL, Schorb E, Ambrosetti A, Roth A, Hemmaway C, Ferrari A, Linton KM, Rudà R, Binder M, Pukrop T, Balzarotti M, Fabbri A, Johnson P, Gørløv JS, Hess G, Panse J, Pisani F, Tucci A, Stilgenbauer S, Hertenstein B, Keller U, Krause SW, Levis A, Schmoll HJ, Cavalli F, Finke J, Reni M, Zucca E, Illerhaus G; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab (MATRix regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the first randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 (IELSG32) phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 May;3(5):e217-27. Epub 2016 Apr 6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

MBVP

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MBVP: Methotrexate, BCNU (Carmustine), Vumon (Teniposide), Prednisone

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bromberg et al. 2019 (HOVON 105/ALLG NHL 24) Phase III (C) R-MBVP Did not meet primary endpoint of EFS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 2 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. HOVON 105/ALLG NHL 24: Bromberg JEC, Issa S, Bakunina K, Minnema MC, Seute T, Durian M, Cull G, Schouten HC, Stevens WBC, Zijlstra JM, Baars JW, Nijland M, Mason KD, Beeker A, van den Bent MJ, Beijert M, Gonzales M, de Jong D, Doorduijn JK. Rituximab in patients with primary CNS lymphoma (HOVON 105/ALLG NHL 24): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 intergroup study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Feb;20(2):216-228. Epub 2019 Jan 7. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Methotrexate monotherapy

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Regimen variant #1, 3500 mg/m2

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ferreri et al. 2009 (IELSG20) Randomized Phase II (C) High-dose MTX & Cytarabine Seems to have inferior CR rate

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) 500 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes, then 3000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours once on day 1 (total dose per cycle: 3500 mg/m2)

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #2, 4000 mg/m2

Study Evidence
Thiel et al. 2010 (G-PCNSL-SG-1) Non-randomized portion of RCT

All patients received the same induction regimen; however, the induction regimen was changed after 2006 to high-dose MTX & ifosfamide.

Chemotherapy

14-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #3, 8000 mg/m2

Study Evidence
Herrlinger et al. 2005 (NOA-03) Phase II

This was considered a negative trial by the authors and is included here for historical purposes.

Chemotherapy

14-day cycle for 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #4, 8000 mg/m2 with renal adjustment

Study Evidence
Batchelor et al. 2003 (NABTT 96-07) Phase II

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) 8000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours once on day 1
    • The full dose of 8000 mg/m2 was only given if CrCl was at least 100 mL/min/1.73m2. For CrCl less than 100 mL/min/1.73m2, the dose was reduced by the percentage reduction below 100. For example, a CrCl of 50 mL/min/1.73m2 would mandate a 50% dose reduction.

14-day cycle until CR or a maximum of 8 cycles

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #5, 12,000 mg/m2

Study Evidence
Montemurro et al. 2007 (OSHO-53) Phase II

This dosing was intended for patients greater than 60 years old.

Chemotherapy

20-day course

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #6, 16,000 mg/m2

Study Evidence
Montemurro et al. 2007 (OSHO-53) Phase II

This dosing was intended for patients less than 60 years old.

Chemotherapy

20-day course

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. NABTT 96-07: Batchelor T, Carson K, O'Neill A, Grossman SA, Alavi J, New P, Hochberg F, Priet R. Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Mar 15;21(6):1044-9. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. NOA-03: Herrlinger U, Küker W, Uhl M, Blaicher HP, Karnath HO, Kanz L, Bamberg M, Weller M; Neuro-Oncology Working Group of the German Society. NOA-03 trial of high-dose methotrexate in primary central nervous system lymphoma: final report. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jun;57(6):843-7. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed content property of HemOnc.org
  3. OSHO-53: Montemurro M, Kiefer T, Schüler F, Al-Ali HK, Wolf HH, Herbst R, Haas A, Helke K, Theilig A, Lotze C, Hirt C, Niederwieser D, Schwenke M, Krüger WH, Dölken G. Primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate, high-dose busulfan/thiotepa, autologous stem-cell transplantation and response-adapted whole-brain radiotherapy: results of the multicenter Ostdeutsche Studiengruppe Hamato-Onkologie OSHO-53 phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2007 Apr;18(4):665-71. Epub 2006 Dec 21. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  4. IELSG20: Ferreri AJ, Reni M, Foppoli M, Martelli M, Pangalis GA, Frezzato M, Cabras MG, Fabbri A, Corazzelli G, Ilariucci F, Rossi G, Soffietti R, Stelitano C, Vallisa D, Zaja F, Zoppegno L, Aondio GM, Avvisati G, Balzarotti M, Brandes AA, Fajardo J, Gomez H, Guarini A, Pinotti G, Rigacci L, Uhlmann C, Picozzi P, Vezzulli P, Ponzoni M, Zucca E, Caligaris-Cappio F, Cavalli F; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. High-dose cytarabine plus high-dose methotrexate versus high-dose methotrexate alone in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2009 Oct 31;374(9700):1512-20. Epub 2009 Sep 18. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  5. G-PCNSL-SG-1: Thiel E, Korfel A, Martus P, Kanz L, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, von Toll T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Plasswilm L, Nägele T, Pietsch T, Bamberg M, Weller M. High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1036-47. Epub 2010 Oct 20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Korfel A, Thiel E, Martus P, Möhle R, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Junghanß C, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Roth P, Bamberg M, Pietsch T, Weller M. Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 2015 Mar 24;84(12):1242-8. Epub 2015 Feb 25. link to original article PubMed

Upfront therapy, non-randomized or retrospective data

Lomustine, Methotrexate, Procarbazine

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MCP: Methotrexate, CCNU (Lomustine), Procarbazine

Regimen

Study Evidence
Illerhaus et al. 2008a Phase II

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

45-day cycle for up to 3 cycles

References

  1. Illerhaus G, Marks R, Müller F, Ihorst G, Feuerhake F, Deckert M, Ostertag C, Finke J. High-dose methotrexate combined with procarbazine and CCNU for primary CNS lymphoma in the elderly: results of a prospective pilot and phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2009 Feb;20(2):319-25. Epub 2008 Oct 26. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Lomustine, Methotrexate, Procarbazine, Methylprednisolone

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Hoang-Xuan et al. 2003 (EORTC 26952) Phase II

This was the first prospective phase II trial evaluating chemotherapy alone in older patients with PCNSL.

Chemotherapy

Intrathecal chemotherapy

Supportive medications

45-day course

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. EORTC 26952: Hoang-Xuan K, Taillandier L, Chinot O, Soubeyran P, Bogdhan U, Hildebrand J, Frenay M, De Beule N, Delattre JY, Baron B; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. Chemotherapy alone as initial treatment for primary CNS lymphoma in patients older than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study (26952) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jul 15;21(14):2726-31. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Methotrexate, then Cytarabine

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Protocol

Study Evidence
Abrey et al. 2003 Phase II

Chemotherapy, part 1

Supportive medications

14-day cycle for 5 cycles

Patients proceed to part two 72 hours after 5th dose of MTX or once the 5th dose MTX level has cleared:

Chemotherapy, part 2

Supportive medications

  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) as follows:
    • Cycle 1: 10 mcg/kg SC once per day, starting on day 4 and continued until stem cell collection complete
    • Cycle 2: 5 mcg/kg SC once per day continued for 2 weeks or until ANC greater than 3000/uL

1-month cycle for 2 cycles (Stem cell collection took place after the first cycle)

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Abrey LE, Moskowitz CH, Mason WP, Crump M, Stewart D, Forsyth P, Paleologos N, Correa DD, Anderson ND, Caron D, Zelenetz A, Nimer SD, DeAngelis LM. Intensive methotrexate and cytarabine followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: an intent-to-treat analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 15;21(22):4151-6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Methotrexate, then Cytarabine & Thiotepa

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Protocol variant #1

Study Evidence
Illerhaus et al. 2006 Phase II

Chemotherapy, part 1

Supportive medications

28-day course

Patients with CR, PR, or SD "with clinical improvement" after the 2nd dose of MTX proceeded to:

Chemotherapy, stem cell mobilization

20-day course

Subsequent treatment

Protocol variant #2

Study Evidence
Illerhaus et al. 2008 Pilot, <20 patients

Chemotherapy, part 1

Supportive medications

10-day cycle for 2 to 4 cycles, followed by:

Chemotherapy, part 2

21-day cycle for 2 cycles (Stem cells are mobilized and collected after the first cycle)

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Illerhaus G, Marks R, Ihorst G, Guttenberger R, Ostertag C, Derigs G, Frickhofen N, Feuerhake F, Volk B, Finke J. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation and hyperfractionated radiotherapy as first-line treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Aug 20;24(24):3865-70. Epub 2006 Jul 24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Kasenda B, Schorb E, Fritsch K, Finke J, Illerhaus G. Prognosis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line treatment in primary CNS lymphoma--a long-term follow-up study. Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23(10):2670-5. Epub 2012 Apr 3. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2015 Mar;26(3):608-11. link to original article PubMed
  2. Illerhaus G, Müller F, Feuerhake F, Schäfer AO, Ostertag C, Finke J. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation without consolidating radiotherapy as first-line treatment for primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Haematologica. 2008 Jan;93(1):147-8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Kasenda B, Schorb E, Fritsch K, Finke J, Illerhaus G. Prognosis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line treatment in primary CNS lymphoma--a long-term follow-up study. Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23(10):2670-5. Epub 2012 Apr 3. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2015 Mar;26(3):608-11. link to original article PubMed

Methotrexate & Rituximab

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Chamberlain et al. 2010 Phase II

Note: the bounds as described in the paper do not account for the situation where CrCl = 60 mL/min/1.73m2.

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) as follows:
    • CrCl greater than 60 mL/min/1.73m2: 8000 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours once on day 1
    • CrCl less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2: 4000 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours once on day 1
  • Rituximab (Rituxan) 375 mg/m2 IV once on day 8

14-day cycle for 4 to 6 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Chamberlain MC, Johnston SK. High-dose methotrexate and rituximab with deferred radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary B-cell CNS lymphoma. Neuro Oncol. 2010 Jul;12(7):736-44. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

MPV

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MPV: Methotrexate, Procarbazine, Vincristine

Regimen

Study Evidence
Abrey et al. 2000 Non-randomized
DeAngelis et al. 2002 (RTOG 93-10) Phase II

Chemotherapy

Intrathecal chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) as follows:
    • 20 mg PO every 6 hours for 12 doses, beginning on day 2; 24 hours after IV Methotrexate (MTX) administration
    • 10 mg PO every 6 hours for 8 doses, beginning on day 8, on the evening of IT Methotrexate (MTX) administration
  • Dexamethasone (Decadron) as follows:
    • Cycle 1: 16 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 7, then 12 mg PO once per day on days 8 to 14
    • Cycle 2: 8 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 7, then 6 mg PO once per day on days 8 to 14
    • Cycle 3: 4 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 7, then 2 mg PO once per day on days 8 to 14

14-day cycle for 5 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Abrey LE, Yahalom J, DeAngelis LM. Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma: the next step. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Sep;18(17):3144-50. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Gavrilovic IT, Hormigo A, Yahalom J, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE. Long-term follow-up of high-dose methotrexate-based therapy with and without whole brain irradiation for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 1;24(28):4570-4. link to original article PubMed
  2. RTOG 93-10: DeAngelis LM, Seiferheld W, Schold SC, Fisher B, Schultz CJ; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 93-10. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Dec 15;20(24):4643-8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

MT-R

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MT-R: Methotrexate, Temozolomide, Rituximab

Regimen variant #1

Study Evidence
Glass et al. 2016 (RTOG 0227) Phase I/II

This is the MTD of this phase I/II trial; it appears that only a single dose of rituximab was given.

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

14-day cycle for 5 cycles

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #2

Study Evidence
Rubenstein et al. 2013 (CALGB 50202) Phase II

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

14-day cycle for 7 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • Patients achieving CR or CRu were given one additional cycle of methotrexate & temozolomide, then CYVE consolidation

References

  1. Rubenstein JL, Hsi ED, Johnson JL, Jung SH, Nakashima MO, Grant B, Cheson BD, Kaplan LD. Intensive chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: CALGB 50202 (Alliance 50202). J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 1;31(25):3061-8. Epub 2013 Apr 8 link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
  2. Glass J, Won M, Schultz CJ, Brat D, Bartlett NL, Suh JH, Werner-Wasik M, Fisher BJ, Liepman MK, Augspurger M, Bokstein F, Bovi JA, Solhjem MC, Mehta MP. Phase I and II study of induction chemotherapy with methotrexate, rituximab, and temozolomide, followed by whole-brain radiotherapy and postirradiation temozolomide for primary CNS lymphoma: NRG Oncology RTOG 0227. J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 10;34(14):1620-5. Epub 2016 Mar 28. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

MVBP

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MVBP: Methotrexate, VP16 (Etoposide), BCNU (Carmustine), MethylPrednisolone

Regimen

Study Evidence
Colombat et al. 2006 Phase II

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

2 courses (length not specified), separated by 21 days

Intrathecal chemotherapy

6 doses total (timing not specified)

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Colombat P, Lemevel A, Bertrand P, Delwail V, Rachieru P, Brion A, Berthou C, Bay JO, Delepine R, Desablens B, Camilleri-Broët S, Linassier C, Lamy T; GOELAMS. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy for primary CNS lymphoma in patients younger than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study of the GOELAMS group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Sep;38(6):417-20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Nordic Regimen, older patients

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Protocol

Study Evidence
Pulczynski et al. 2015 (NLGPCNSL) Phase II

This protocol is meant for patients aged 66-75 years.

Chemotherapy, A cycles

Chemotherapy, B cycles

Chemotherapy, C cycles

21-day cycle for 6 cycles (A1, then B1, then C1, then A2, then B2, then C2)

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. NLGPCNSL: Pulczynski EJ, Kuittinen O, Erlanson M, Hagberg H, Fosså A, Eriksson M, Nordstrøm M, Østenstad B, Fluge Ø, Leppä S, Fiirgaard B, Bersvendsen H, Fagerli UM; Nordic Lymphoma Group. Successful change of treatment strategy in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma by de-escalating induction and introducing temozolomide maintenance: results from a phase II study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group. Haematologica. 2015 Apr;100(4):534-40. Epub 2014 Dec 5. link to original article contains verified protocol in supplement link to PMC article PubMed

Nordic Regimen, younger patients

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Protocol

Study Evidence
Pulczynski et al. 2015 (NLGPCNSL) Phase II

This protocol is meant for patients aged 18 to 65 years.

Chemotherapy, A cycles

Chemotherapy, B cycles

Chemotherapy, C cycles

21-day cycle for 6 cycles (A1, then B1, then C1, then A2, then B2, then C2)

References

  1. NLGPCNSL: Pulczynski EJ, Kuittinen O, Erlanson M, Hagberg H, Fosså A, Eriksson M, Nordstrøm M, Østenstad B, Fluge Ø, Leppä S, Fiirgaard B, Bersvendsen H, Fagerli UM. Successful change of treatment strategy in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma by de-escalating induction and introducing temozolomide maintenance: results from a phase II study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group. Haematologica. 2015 Apr;100(4):534-40. Epub 2014 Dec 5. link to original article contains verified protocol in supplement link to PMC article PubMed

R-MCP (CCNU)

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R-MCP: Rituximab, Methotrexate, CCNU (Lomustine), Procarbazine

Regimen

Study Evidence
Fritsch et al. 2011 Phase II

Note: this regimen should not be confused with the other R-MCP (rituximab, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, prednisone) used in indolent lymphomas.

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) (dose/route not specified) every 6 hours beginning 24 hours after start of MTX infusion, continued for 3 days or until clearance

43-day cycle for up to 3 cycles

References

  1. Fritsch K, Kasenda B, Hader C, Nikkhah G, Prinz M, Haug V, Haug S, Ihorst G, Finke J, Illerhaus G. Immunochemotherapy with rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and lomustine for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) in the elderly. Ann Oncol. 2011 Sep;22(9):2080-5. Epub 2011 Feb 8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

R-MP

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R-MP: Rituximab, Methotrexate, Procarbazine

Regimen

Study Evidence
Fritsch et al. 2016 (PRIMAIN) Phase II

Chemotherapy

  • Rituximab (Rituxan) as follows:
    • Cycle 1: 375 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes once per day on days -6, 1, 15, 29
    • Cycles 2 & 3: 375 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1, 15, 29
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 3000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours once per day on on days 2, 16, 30
  • Procarbazine (Matulane) 60 mg/m2 PO once per day on days 2 to 11

42-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Fritsch K, Kasenda B, Schorb E, Hau P, Bloehdorn J, Möhle R, Löw S, Binder M, Atta J, Keller U, Wolf HH, Krause SW, Heß G, Naumann R, Sasse S, Hirt C, Lamprecht M, Martens U, Morgner A, Panse J, Frickhofen N, Röth A, Hader C, Deckert M, Fricker H, Ihorst G, Finke J, Illerhaus G. High-dose methotrexate-based immuno-chemotherapy for elderly primary CNS lymphoma patients (PRIMAIN study). Leukemia. 2017 Apr;31(4):846-852. Epub 2016 Nov 15. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

R-MPV

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R-MPV: Rituximab, Methotrexate, Procarbazine, Vincristine

Regimen

Study Evidence
Shah et al. 2007 Phase II
Omuro et al. 2015 (MSK 04-129) Phase II

Chemotherapy

Intrathecal chemotherapy

  • (only described in the Shah et al. 2007 trial)
  • Methotrexate (MTX) 12 mg IT (via Ommaya) once sometime between day 5 and 12 (for patients with positive CSF cytology)

Supportive medications

14-day cycle for 5 to 7 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Shah GD, Yahalom J, Correa DD, Lai RK, Raizer JJ, Schiff D, LaRocca R, Grant B, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE. Combined immunochemotherapy with reduced whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 20;25(30):4730-5. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jan 10;26(2):340. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Morris PG, Correa DD, Yahalom J, Raizer JJ, Schiff D, Grant B, Grimm S, Lai RK, Reiner AS, Panageas K, Karimi S, Curry R, Shah G, Abrey LE, DeAngelis LM, Omuro A. Rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and vincristine followed by consolidation reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy and cytarabine in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: final results and long-term outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Nov 1;31(31):3971-9. Epub 2013 Oct 7. link to original article PubMed
  2. MSK 04-129: Omuro A, Correa DD, DeAngelis LM, Moskowitz CH, Matasar MJ, Kaley TJ, Gavrilovic IT, Nolan C, Pentsova E, Grommes CC, Panageas KS, Baser RE, Faivre G, Abrey LE, Sauter CS. R-MPV followed by high-dose chemotherapy with TBC and autologous stem-cell transplant for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. Blood. 2015 Feb 26;125(9):1403-10. Epub 2015 Jan 7. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Consolidation and/or maintenance after upfront therapy

BCNU/TT, then auto HSCT

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BCNU/TT: BCNU (Carmustine), ThioTepa

Regimen variant #1

Study Evidence
Illerhaus et al. 2006 Phase II

Note that the day count starts from the very beginning of treatment.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor starting on day 61, continued until WBC greater than 1 x 109/L for 3 days
  • "Standard supportive measures were taken according to institutional guidelines."

Stem cells re-infused on day 56

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #2

Study Evidence
Illerhaus et al. 2008 Pilot, <20 patients

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Stem cells re-infused on day 7

References

  1. Illerhaus G, Marks R, Ihorst G, Guttenberger R, Ostertag C, Derigs G, Frickhofen N, Feuerhake F, Volk B, Finke J. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation and hyperfractionated radiotherapy as first-line treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Aug 20;24(24):3865-70. Epub 2006 Jul 24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Kasenda B, Schorb E, Fritsch K, Finke J, Illerhaus G. Prognosis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line treatment in primary CNS lymphoma--a long-term follow-up study. Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23(10):2670-5. Epub 2012 Apr 3. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2015 Mar;26(3):608-11. link to original article PubMed
  2. Illerhaus G, Müller F, Feuerhake F, Schäfer AO, Ostertag C, Finke J. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation without consolidating radiotherapy as first-line treatment for primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Haematologica. 2008 Jan;93(1):147-8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Kasenda B, Schorb E, Fritsch K, Finke J, Illerhaus G. Prognosis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line treatment in primary CNS lymphoma--a long-term follow-up study. Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23(10):2670-5. Epub 2012 Apr 3. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2015 Mar;26(3):608-11. link to original article PubMed
  3. IELSG32: Ferreri AJ, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS, Torri V, Fox CP, Rosée PL, Schorb E, Ambrosetti A, Roth A, Hemmaway C, Ferrari A, Linton KM, Rudà R, Binder M, Pukrop T, Balzarotti M, Fabbri A, Johnson P, Gørløv JS, Hess G, Panse J, Pisani F, Tucci A, Stilgenbauer S, Hertenstein B, Keller U, Krause SW, Levis A, Schmoll HJ, Cavalli F, Finke J, Reni M, Zucca E, Illerhaus G; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab (MATRix regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the first randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 (IELSG32) phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 May;3(5):e217-27. Epub 2016 Apr 6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Fox CP, Schorb E, La Rosée P, Binder M, Fabbri A, Torri V, Minacapelli E, Falautano M, Ilariucci F, Ambrosetti A, Roth A, Hemmaway C, Johnson P, Linton KM, Pukrop T, Sønderskov Gørløv J, Balzarotti M, Hess G, Keller U, Stilgenbauer S, Panse J, Tucci A, Orsucci L, Pisani F, Levis A, Krause SW, Schmoll HJ, Hertenstein B, Rummel M, Smith J, Pfreundschuh M, Cabras G, Angrilli F, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS, Finke J, Reni M, Cavalli F, Zucca E, Illerhaus G; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Whole-brain radiotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation as consolidation strategies after high-dose methotrexate-based chemoimmunotherapy in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the second randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Nov;4(11):e510-e523. Epub 2017 Oct 17. link to original article PubMed

BEAM, then auto HSCT

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BEAM: BiCNU (Carmustine), Etoposide, Ara-C (Cytarabine), Melphalan

Regimen variant #1

Study Evidence
Colombat et al. 2006 Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Day of transplant is not specified

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #2

Study Evidence
Abrey et al. 2003 Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Filgrastim (Neupogen) 5 mcg/kg SC every 12 hours, starting on day +1 and continued until ANC greater than 1000/uL for 3 days or greater than 10,000/uL for 1 day

Stem cells reinfused on day 0

References

  1. Abrey LE, Moskowitz CH, Mason WP, Crump M, Stewart D, Forsyth P, Paleologos N, Correa DD, Anderson ND, Caron D, Zelenetz A, Nimer SD, DeAngelis LM. Intensive methotrexate and cytarabine followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: an intent-to-treat analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 15;21(22):4151-6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Colombat P, Lemevel A, Bertrand P, Delwail V, Rachieru P, Brion A, Berthou C, Bay JO, Delepine R, Desablens B, Camilleri-Broët S, Linassier C, Lamy T; GOELAMS. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy for primary CNS lymphoma in patients younger than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study of the GOELAMS group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Sep;38(6):417-20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Bu/TT, then auto HSCT

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Bu/TT: Busulfan, ThioTepa

Regimen

Study Evidence
Montemurro et al. 2007 (OSHO-53) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Stem cell re-infusion occurs on day 0

References

  1. OSHO-53: Montemurro M, Kiefer T, Schüler F, Al-Ali HK, Wolf HH, Herbst R, Haas A, Helke K, Theilig A, Lotze C, Hirt C, Niederwieser D, Schwenke M, Krüger WH, Dölken G. Primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate, high-dose busulfan/thiotepa, autologous stem-cell transplantation and response-adapted whole-brain radiotherapy: results of the multicenter Ostdeutsche Studiengruppe Hamato-Onkologie OSHO-53 phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2007 Apr;18(4):665-71. Epub 2006 Dec 21. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Bu/TT/Cy, then auto HSCT

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Bu/TT/Cy: Busulfan, ThioTepa, Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Evidence
Omuro et al. 2015 (MSK 04-129) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Stem cell re-infusion occurs on day 0

References

  1. MSK 04-129: Omuro A, Correa DD, DeAngelis LM, Moskowitz CH, Matasar MJ, Kaley TJ, Gavrilovic IT, Nolan C, Pentsova E, Grommes CC, Panageas KS, Baser RE, Faivre G, Abrey LE, Sauter CS. R-MPV followed by high-dose chemotherapy with TBC and autologous stem-cell transplant for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. Blood. 2015 Feb 26;125(9):1403-10. Epub 2015 Jan 7. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

HiDAC

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HiDAC: High Dose Ara-C (Cytarabine)

Regimen

Study Evidence
Abrey et al. 2000 Non-randomized
DeAngelis et al. 2002 (RTOG 93-10) Phase II

Time interval of cycles is not explicitly described and is derived from Table 1 in DeAngelis et al. 2002.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 2 cycles

References

  1. Abrey LE, Yahalom J, DeAngelis LM. Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma: the next step. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Sep;18(17):3144-50. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Gavrilovic IT, Hormigo A, Yahalom J, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE. Long-term follow-up of high-dose methotrexate-based therapy with and without whole brain irradiation for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 1;24(28):4570-4. link to original article PubMed
  2. RTOG 93-10: DeAngelis LM, Seiferheld W, Schold SC, Fisher B, Schultz CJ; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 93-10. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Dec 15;20(24):4643-8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

CYVE

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CYVE: CYtarabine & VEpesid (Etoposide)
EA: Etoposide & Ara-C (Cytarabine)

Regimen

Study Evidence
Rubenstein et al. 2013 (CALGB 50202) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

  • Cytarabine (Ara-C) 2000 mg/m2 IV over 2 hours every 12 hours on days 1 to 4 (total dose: 16,000 mg/m2)
  • Etoposide (Vepesid) 10 mg/kg/day IV continuous infusion over 96 hours, started on day 1 (total dose: 40 mg/kg)

4-day course

References

  1. CALGB 50202: Rubenstein JL, Hsi ED, Johnson JL, Jung SH, Nakashima MO, Grant B, Cheson BD, Kaplan LD. Intensive chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: CALGB 50202 (Alliance 50202). J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 1;31(25):3061-8. Epub 2013 Apr 8 link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Lomustine, Methotrexate, Procarbazine

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Hoang-Xuan et al. 2003 (EORTC 26952) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Intrathecal component

Supportive medications

42-day cycle for 5 cycles

References

  1. Hoang-Xuan K, Taillandier L, Chinot O, Soubeyran P, Bogdhan U, Hildebrand J, Frenay M, De Beule N, Delattre JY, Baron B; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. Chemotherapy alone as initial treatment for primary CNS lymphoma in patients older than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study (26952) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jul 15;21(14):2726-31. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Methotrexate monotherapy

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Regimen variant #1

Study Evidence
Chamberlain et al. 2010 Phase II

Note: the bounds as described in the paper do not account for the situation where CrCl = 60 mL/min/1.73m2.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) as follows:
    • CrCl greater than 60 mL/min/1.73m2: 8000 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours once on day 1
    • CrCl less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2: 4000 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours once on day 1

28-day cycle for 4 cycles

Regimen variant #2

Study Evidence
Batchelor et al. 2003 (NABTT 96-07) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

  • Methotrexate (MTX) 8000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours once on day 1
    • The full dose of 8000 mg/m2 was only given if CrCl was at least 100 mL/min/1.73m2. For CrCl less than 100 mL/min/1.73m2, the dose was reduced by the percentage reduction below 100. For example, a CrCl of 50 mL/min/1.73m2 would mandate a 50% dose reduction.

28-day cycle for 11 cycles

References

  1. Batchelor T, Carson K, O'Neill A, Grossman SA, Alavi J, New P, Hochberg F, Priet R. Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Mar 15;21(6):1044-9. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Chamberlain MC, Johnston SK. High-dose methotrexate and rituximab with deferred radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary B-cell CNS lymphoma. Neuro Oncol. 2010 Jul;12(7):736-44. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Observation

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Thiel et al. 2010 (G-PCNSL-SG-1) Phase III (E-de-esc) Whole-brain irradiation Inconclusive whether non-inferior OS

No further treatment.

Preceding treatment

References

  1. G-PCNSL-SG-1: Thiel E, Korfel A, Martus P, Kanz L, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, von Toll T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Plasswilm L, Nägele T, Pietsch T, Bamberg M, Weller M. High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1036-47. Epub 2010 Oct 20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Korfel A, Thiel E, Martus P, Möhle R, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Junghanß C, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Roth P, Bamberg M, Pietsch T, Weller M. Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 2015 Mar 24;84(12):1242-8. Epub 2015 Feb 25. link to original article PubMed

Procarbazine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Fritsch et al. 2016 (PRIMAIN) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. Fritsch K, Kasenda B, Schorb E, Hau P, Bloehdorn J, Möhle R, Löw S, Binder M, Atta J, Keller U, Wolf HH, Krause SW, Heß G, Naumann R, Sasse S, Hirt C, Lamprecht M, Martens U, Morgner A, Panse J, Frickhofen N, Röth A, Hader C, Deckert M, Fricker H, Ihorst G, Finke J, Illerhaus G. High-dose methotrexate-based immuno-chemotherapy for elderly primary CNS lymphoma patients (PRIMAIN study). Leukemia. 2017 Apr;31(4):846-852. Epub 2016 Nov 15. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Temozolomide monotherapy

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Regimen variant #1

Study Evidence
Glass et al. 2016 (RTOG 0227) Phase I/II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

  • Temozolomide (Temodar) as follows:
    • Week 14: 200 mg/m2 PO once per day for 5 days (150 mg/m2 allowed)
    • Weeks 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50: 200 mg/m2 PO once per day for 5 days
    • Other weeks: omitted

Regimen variant #2

Study Evidence
Pulczynski et al. 2015 (NLGPCNSL) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for up to 13 cycles (1 year)

References

  1. NLGPCNSL: Pulczynski EJ, Kuittinen O, Erlanson M, Hagberg H, Fosså A, Eriksson M, Nordstrøm M, Østenstad B, Fluge Ø, Leppä S, Fiirgaard B, Bersvendsen H, Fagerli UM. Successful change of treatment strategy in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma by de-escalating induction and introducing temozolomide maintenance: results from a phase II study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group. Haematologica. 2015 Apr;100(4):534-40. Epub 2014 Dec 5. link to original article contains verified protocol in supplement link to PMC article PubMed
  2. Glass J, Won M, Schultz CJ, Brat D, Bartlett NL, Suh JH, Werner-Wasik M, Fisher BJ, Liepman MK, Augspurger M, Bokstein F, Bovi JA, Solhjem MC, Mehta MP. Phase I and II study of induction chemotherapy with methotrexate, rituximab, and temozolomide, followed by whole-brain radiotherapy and postirradiation temozolomide for primary CNS lymphoma: NRG Oncology RTOG 0227. J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 10;34(14):1620-5. Epub 2016 Mar 28. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Whole brain irradiation

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WBRT: Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy

Regimen variant #1, 23.4 Gy

Study Evidence
Shah et al. 2007 Phase II

Preceding treatment

  • R-MPV x 5 to 7 cycles, with complete response

Radiotherapy

Regimen variant #2, 30 Gy

Study Evidence
Colombat et al. 2006 Phase II

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

Regimen variant #3, 30 Gy + 10 Gy boost

Study Evidence
Colombat et al. 2006 Phase II

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

Regimen variant #4, 36 Gy

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Glass et al. 2016 (RTOG 0227) Phase I/II
Ferreri et al. 2016 (IELSG32) Randomized Phase II (C) BCNU/TT, then auto HSCT Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS24 (*)

Note: reported efficacy for IELSG32 is based on the 2017 update.

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

  • Whole-brain irradiation to 36 Gy as follows:
    • RTOG 0227: 1.20-Gy twice-per-day fractions on weeks 11 to 13
    • IELSG32: 1.80-Gy fractions

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #5, 36 Gy + 9 Gy boost

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ferreri et al. 2009 (IELSG20) Non-randomized portion of RCT
Ferreri et al. 2016 (IELSG32) Randomized Phase II (C) BCNU/TT, then auto HSCT Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS24 (*)

Note: reported efficacy for IELSG32 is based on the 2017 update.

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

Regimen variant #6, 40 Gy + 9 Gy boost

Study Evidence
Ferreri et al. 2009 (IELSG20) Non-randomized portion of RCT

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

Regimen variant #7, 45 Gy

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Abrey et al. 2000 Non-randomized
DeAngelis et al. 2002 (RTOG 93-10) Phase II
Illerhaus et al. 2006 Phase II
Shah et al. 2007 Phase II
Thiel et al. 2010 (G-PCNSL-SG-1) Phase III (E-esc) No further treatment Inconclusive whether non-inferior OS

Note that the day count in Illerhaus et al. 2006 starts from the very beginning of treatment.

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

  • Whole-brain irradiation to 45 Gy as follows:
    • Illerhaus et al. 2006: 1.00-Gy fractions, starting on day 90
    • G-PCNSL-SG-1: 1.50-Gy fractions
    • Abrey et al. 2000, RTOG 93-10, Shaw et al. 2007: 1.80-Gy fractions

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #8, 50 Gy

Study Evidence
Illerhaus et al. 2006 Phase II

Note that the day count starts from the very beginning of treatment.

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

References

  1. Abrey LE, Yahalom J, DeAngelis LM. Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma: the next step. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Sep;18(17):3144-50. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Gavrilovic IT, Hormigo A, Yahalom J, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE. Long-term follow-up of high-dose methotrexate-based therapy with and without whole brain irradiation for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 1;24(28):4570-4. link to original article PubMed
  2. RTOG 93-10: DeAngelis LM, Seiferheld W, Schold SC, Fisher B, Schultz CJ; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 93-10. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Dec 15;20(24):4643-8. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. Illerhaus G, Marks R, Ihorst G, Guttenberger R, Ostertag C, Derigs G, Frickhofen N, Feuerhake F, Volk B, Finke J. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation and hyperfractionated radiotherapy as first-line treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Aug 20;24(24):3865-70. Epub 2006 Jul 24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Kasenda B, Schorb E, Fritsch K, Finke J, Illerhaus G. Prognosis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line treatment in primary CNS lymphoma--a long-term follow-up study. Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23(10):2670-5. Epub 2012 Apr 3. Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2015 Mar;26(3):608-11. link to original article PubMed
  4. Colombat P, Lemevel A, Bertrand P, Delwail V, Rachieru P, Brion A, Berthou C, Bay JO, Delepine R, Desablens B, Camilleri-Broët S, Linassier C, Lamy T; GOELAMS. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy for primary CNS lymphoma in patients younger than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study of the GOELAMS group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Sep;38(6):417-20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  5. Shah GD, Yahalom J, Correa DD, Lai RK, Raizer JJ, Schiff D, LaRocca R, Grant B, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE. Combined immunochemotherapy with reduced whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 20;25(30):4730-5. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jan 10;26(2):340. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Morris PG, Correa DD, Yahalom J, Raizer JJ, Schiff D, Grant B, Grimm S, Lai RK, Reiner AS, Panageas K, Karimi S, Curry R, Shah G, Abrey LE, DeAngelis LM, Omuro A. Rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and vincristine followed by consolidation reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy and cytarabine in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: final results and long-term outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Nov 1;31(31):3971-9. Epub 2013 Oct 7. link to original article PubMed
  6. IELSG20: Ferreri AJ, Reni M, Foppoli M, Martelli M, Pangalis GA, Frezzato M, Cabras MG, Fabbri A, Corazzelli G, Ilariucci F, Rossi G, Soffietti R, Stelitano C, Vallisa D, Zaja F, Zoppegno L, Aondio GM, Avvisati G, Balzarotti M, Brandes AA, Fajardo J, Gomez H, Guarini A, Pinotti G, Rigacci L, Uhlmann C, Picozzi P, Vezzulli P, Ponzoni M, Zucca E, Caligaris-Cappio F, Cavalli F; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. High-dose cytarabine plus high-dose methotrexate versus high-dose methotrexate alone in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2009 Oct 31;374(9700):1512-20. Epub 2009 Sep 18. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  7. G-PCNSL-SG-1: Thiel E, Korfel A, Martus P, Kanz L, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, von Toll T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Plasswilm L, Nägele T, Pietsch T, Bamberg M, Weller M. High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1036-47. Epub 2010 Oct 20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Korfel A, Thiel E, Martus P, Möhle R, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Junghanß C, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Roth P, Bamberg M, Pietsch T, Weller M. Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 2015 Mar 24;84(12):1242-8. Epub 2015 Feb 25. link to original article PubMed
  8. RTOG 0227: Glass J, Won M, Schultz CJ, Brat D, Bartlett NL, Suh JH, Werner-Wasik M, Fisher BJ, Liepman MK, Augspurger M, Bokstein F, Bovi JA, Solhjem MC, Mehta MP. Phase I and II study of induction chemotherapy with methotrexate, rituximab, and temozolomide, followed by whole-brain radiotherapy and postirradiation temozolomide for primary CNS lymphoma: NRG Oncology RTOG 0227. J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 10;34(14):1620-5. Epub 2016 Mar 28. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
  9. IELSG32: Ferreri AJ, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS, Torri V, Fox CP, Rosée PL, Schorb E, Ambrosetti A, Roth A, Hemmaway C, Ferrari A, Linton KM, Rudà R, Binder M, Pukrop T, Balzarotti M, Fabbri A, Johnson P, Gørløv JS, Hess G, Panse J, Pisani F, Tucci A, Stilgenbauer S, Hertenstein B, Keller U, Krause SW, Levis A, Schmoll HJ, Cavalli F, Finke J, Reni M, Zucca E, Illerhaus G; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab (MATRix regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the first randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 (IELSG32) phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 May;3(5):e217-27. Epub 2016 Apr 6. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Fox CP, Schorb E, La Rosée P, Binder M, Fabbri A, Torri V, Minacapelli E, Falautano M, Ilariucci F, Ambrosetti A, Roth A, Hemmaway C, Johnson P, Linton KM, Pukrop T, Sønderskov Gørløv J, Balzarotti M, Hess G, Keller U, Stilgenbauer S, Panse J, Tucci A, Orsucci L, Pisani F, Levis A, Krause SW, Schmoll HJ, Hertenstein B, Rummel M, Smith J, Pfreundschuh M, Cabras G, Angrilli F, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS, Finke J, Reni M, Cavalli F, Zucca E, Illerhaus G; International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. Whole-brain radiotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation as consolidation strategies after high-dose methotrexate-based chemoimmunotherapy in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the second randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Nov;4(11):e510-e523. Epub 2017 Oct 17. link to original article PubMed

Relapsed or refractory, salvage therapy

HiDAC

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HiDAC: High Dose Ara-C (Cytarabine)

Regimen

Study Evidence
Thiel et al. 2010 (G-PCNSL-SG-1) Non-randomized portion of RCT

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. G-PCNSL-SG-1: Thiel E, Korfel A, Martus P, Kanz L, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, von Toll T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Plasswilm L, Nägele T, Pietsch T, Bamberg M, Weller M. High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1036-47. Epub 2010 Oct 20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Korfel A, Thiel E, Martus P, Möhle R, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Junghanß C, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Roth P, Bamberg M, Pietsch T, Weller M. Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 2015 Mar 24;84(12):1242-8. Epub 2015 Feb 25. link to original article PubMed

CYVE

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CYVE: CYtarabine, VEpesid (Etoposide)

Regimen variant #1

Study Evidence
Soussain et al. 2001 Pilot, >20 pts
Soussain et al. 2008 Phase II

Chemotherapy

  • Cytarabine (Ara-C) as follows:
    • 2000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours once per day on days 2 to 5
    • 50 mg/m2 IV over 12 hours once per day on days 1 to 5
  • Etoposide (Vepesid) 200 mg/m2 IV over 2 hours once per day on days 2 to 5

2 cycles

Subsequent treatment

Regimen variant #2

Study Evidence
Colombat et al. 2006 Phase II

Preceding treatment

  • Non-response to MVBP x 2

Chemotherapy

2 cycles (length not specified)

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Soussain C, Suzan F, Hoang-Xuan K, Cassoux N, Levy V, Azar N, Belanger C, Achour E, Ribrag V, Gerber S, Delattre JY, Leblond V. Results of intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue in 22 patients with refractory or recurrent primary CNS lymphoma or intraocular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 1;19(3):742-9. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Colombat P, Lemevel A, Bertrand P, Delwail V, Rachieru P, Brion A, Berthou C, Bay JO, Delepine R, Desablens B, Camilleri-Broët S, Linassier C, Lamy T; GOELAMS. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy for primary CNS lymphoma in patients younger than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study of the GOELAMS group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Sep;38(6):417-20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. Soussain C, Hoang-Xuan K, Taillandier L, Fourme E, Choquet S, Witz F, Casasnovas O, Dupriez B, Souleau B, Taksin AL, Gisselbrecht C, Jaccard A, Omuro A, Sanson M, Janvier M, Kolb B, Zini JM, Leblond V; Société Française de Greffe de Moëlle Osseuse-Thérapie Cellulaire. Intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for refractory and recurrent primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma: Société Française de Greffe de Moëlle Osseuse-Thérapie Cellulaire. J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 20;26(15):2512-8. Epub 2008 Apr 14. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Ifosfamide & Methotrexate

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Fischer et al. 2008 Retrospective

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Mesna (Mesnex) for prophylaxis of hemorrhagic cystitis
  • Folinic acid (Leucovorin) rescue starting 24 hours after start of Methotrexate (MTX) infusion
  • Sodium bicarbonate via IV fluid or PO routes used for urine alkalinization to maintain urine pH of at least 8
    • Check methotrexate levels 24, 48, and 72 hours after completion of methotrexate infusion.

Methotrexate (MTX) dose adjusted for CrCl less than 100 mL/min/1.73m2 according to the following formula:

  • Dose of methotrexate = (CrCl/100) x 4000 mg/m2; the paper did not specify what method was used for calculating CrCl. Patients with CrCl less than 50 mL/min/1.73m2 were excluded from the study.

Up to 8 cycles (reference did not list timing/criteria to be used for next cycle of therapy)

References

  1. Retrospective: Fischer L, Korfel A, Kiewe P, Neumann M, Jahnke K, Thiel E. Systemic high-dose methotrexate plus ifosfamide is highly effective for central nervous system (CNS) involvement of lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2009 Feb;88(2):133-9. Epub 2008 Aug 5. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Whole brain irradiation

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Regimen variant #1

Study Evidence
Thiel et al. 2010 (G-PCNSL-SG-1) Non-randomized portion of RCT

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

Regimen variant #2

Study Evidence
Colombat et al. 2006 Phase II

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

Regimen variant #3

Study Evidence
Nguyen et al. 2005 Phase II

The authors do not clearly describe a pre-determined dosing protocol but report that the most common fraction size was 1.5 Gy.

Radiotherapy

  • Median dose:
    • Patients not receiving a boost: 36 Gy (range 28 to 45 Gy)
    • Patients receiving a boost: 36 Gy (range 19.6 to 40 Gy) + 10 Gy (range 10 to 21.6 Gy)

References

  1. Nguyen PL, Chakravarti A, Finkelstein DM, Hochberg FH, Batchelor TT, Loeffler JS. Results of whole-brain radiation as salvage of methotrexate failure for immunocompetent patients with primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Mar 1;23(7):1507-13. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Colombat P, Lemevel A, Bertrand P, Delwail V, Rachieru P, Brion A, Berthou C, Bay JO, Delepine R, Desablens B, Camilleri-Broët S, Linassier C, Lamy T; GOELAMS. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy for primary CNS lymphoma in patients younger than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study of the GOELAMS group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Sep;38(6):417-20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. G-PCNSL-SG-1: Thiel E, Korfel A, Martus P, Kanz L, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, von Toll T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Leithäuser M, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Plasswilm L, Nägele T, Pietsch T, Bamberg M, Weller M. High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1036-47. Epub 2010 Oct 20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Korfel A, Thiel E, Martus P, Möhle R, Griesinger F, Rauch M, Röth A, Hertenstein B, Fischer T, Hundsberger T, Mergenthaler HG, Junghanß C, Birnbaum T, Fischer L, Jahnke K, Herrlinger U, Roth P, Bamberg M, Pietsch T, Weller M. Randomized phase III study of whole-brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 2015 Mar 24;84(12):1242-8. Epub 2015 Feb 25. link to original article PubMed

Consolidation after salvage therapy

Bu/TT/Cy, then auto HSCT

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Bu/TT/Cy: Busulfan, ThioTepa, Cyclophosphamide

Regimen

Study Evidence
Soussain et al. 2001 Pilot, >20 pts
Soussain et al. 2008 Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

  • Busulfan (Myleran) as follows:
    • Up to 60 years old: 10 mg/kg PO or 8 mg/kg IV once per day on days -6, -5, and -4
    • ≥60 years old: 6 mg/kg PO or 4.8 mg/kg IV once per day on days -6, -5, and -4
  • Thiotepa (Thioplex) 250 mg/m2 IV once per day on days -9, -8, and -7
  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 60 mg/kg IV once per day on days -3 & -2

Supportive medications

Stem cell re-infusion occurs on day 0

References

  1. Soussain C, Suzan F, Hoang-Xuan K, Cassoux N, Levy V, Azar N, Belanger C, Achour E, Ribrag V, Gerber S, Delattre JY, Leblond V. Results of intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue in 22 patients with refractory or recurrent primary CNS lymphoma or intraocular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 1;19(3):742-9. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Soussain C, Hoang-Xuan K, Taillandier L, Fourme E, Choquet S, Witz F, Casasnovas O, Dupriez B, Souleau B, Taksin AL, Gisselbrecht C, Jaccard A, Omuro A, Sanson M, Janvier M, Kolb B, Zini JM, Leblond V; Société Française de Greffe de Moëlle Osseuse-Thérapie Cellulaire. Intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for refractory and recurrent primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma: Société Française de Greffe de Moëlle Osseuse-Thérapie Cellulaire. J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 20;26(15):2512-8. Epub 2008 Apr 14. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Relapsed or refractory, subsequent lines of therapy

Rituximab monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Batchelor et al. 2011 Pilot, <20 pts

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for up to 2 cycles

References

  1. Batchelor TT, Grossman SA, Mikkelsen T, Ye for, Desideri S, Lesser GJ. Rituximab monotherapy for patients with recurrent primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 2011 Mar 8;76(10):929-30. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Temozolomide monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Reni et al. 2007 Phase II

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Reni M, Zaja F, Mason W, Perry J, Mazza E, Spina M, Bordonaro R, Ilariucci F, Faedi M, Corazzelli G, Manno P, Franceschi E, Pace A, Candela M, Abbadessa A, Stelitano C, Latte G, Ferreri AJ. Temozolomide as salvage treatment in primary brain lymphomas. Br J Cancer. 2007 Mar 26;96(6):864-7. Epub 2007 Feb 27. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Temsirolimus monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Korfel et al. 2016 (TemPCNSL) Phase II

This is the dose used in stage 2 of this two-stage protocol.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. TemPCNSL: Korfel A, Schlegel U, Herrlinger U, Dreyling M, Schmidt C, von Baumgarten L, Pezzutto A, Grobosch T, Kebir S, Thiel E, Martus P, Kiewe P. Phase II trial of temsirolimus for relapsed/refractory primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 20;34(15):1757-63. Epub 2016 Mar 14. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Topotecan monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Fischer et al. 2006 Phase II
Voloschin et al. 2008 Phase II, <20 pts

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

21-day cycle for 6 to 10 cycles

References

  1. Fischer L, Thiel E, Klasen HA, Birkmann J, Jahnke K, Martus P, Korfel A. Prospective trial on topotecan salvage therapy in primary CNS lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2006 Jul;17(7):1141-5. Epub 2006 Apr 7. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Voloschin AD, Betensky R, Wen PY, Hochberg F, Batchelor T. Topotecan as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Neurooncol. 2008 Jan;86(2):211-5. Epub 2007 Sep 21. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Prognosis

IELSG Prognostic Scoring System (2003)

  1. Ferreri AJ, Blay JY, Reni M, Pasini F, Spina M, Ambrosetti A, Calderoni A, Rossi A, Vavassori V, Conconi A, Devizzi L, Berger F, Ponzoni M, Borisch B, Tinguely M, Cerati M, Milani M, Orvieto E, Sanchez J, Chevreau C, Dell'Oro S, Zucca E, Cavalli F. Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group experience. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 15;21(2):266-72. to original article PubMed
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