Difference between revisions of "Gemcitabine (Gemzar)"

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===[[Breast cancer]]===
 
===[[Breast cancer]]===
−
* 5/19/2004: New FDA indication in combination with [[Paclitaxel (Taxol) | paclitaxel]] is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic [[breast cancer]] after failure of prior [[Regimen_classes#Anthracycline-based_regimen|anthracycline-containing]] adjuvant chemotherapy, unless anthracyclines were clinically contraindicated. ''(Based on Albain et al. 2008)''
+
* 2004-05-19: New FDA indication in combination with [[Paclitaxel (Taxol) | paclitaxel]] is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic [[breast cancer]] after failure of prior [[Regimen_classes#Anthracycline-based_regimen|anthracycline-containing]] adjuvant chemotherapy, unless anthracyclines were clinically contraindicated. ''(Based on Albain et al. 2008)''
 
===[[Non-small cell lung cancer]]===
 
===[[Non-small cell lung cancer]]===
−
* 8/25/1998: Indicated in combination with [[Cisplatin (Platinol) | cisplatin]] for the first-line treatment of patients with inoperable, locally advanced (Stage IIIA or IIIB) or metastatic (Stage IV) [[Non-small cell lung cancer | non-small cell lung cancer]]. ''(Based on Cardenal et al. 1999 & Sandler et al. 2000)''
+
* 1998-08-25: Indicated in combination with [[Cisplatin (Platinol) | cisplatin]] for the first-line treatment of patients with inoperable, locally advanced (Stage IIIA or IIIB) or metastatic (Stage IV) [[Non-small cell lung cancer | non-small cell lung cancer]]. ''(Based on Cardenal et al. 1999 & Sandler et al. 2000)''
  
 
===[[Ovarian cancer]]===
 
===[[Ovarian cancer]]===
−
* 7/14/2006: FDA approved in combination with carboplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced [[ovarian cancer]] that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of [[Regimen_classes#Platinum-based_regimen|platinum based therapy]]. ''(Based on AGO-OVAR 2.5)''
+
* 2006-07-14: FDA approved in combination with carboplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced [[ovarian cancer]] that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of [[Regimen_classes#Platinum-based_regimen|platinum based therapy]]. ''(Based on AGO-OVAR 2.5)''
−
* 3/19/2010: New FDA indication for [[ovarian cancer]] in combination with [[Carboplatin (Paraplatin) | carboplatin]]. ''(Prior exposure requirement removed; no supporting studies are cited)''
+
* 2010-03-19: New FDA indication for [[ovarian cancer]] in combination with [[Carboplatin (Paraplatin) | carboplatin]]. ''(Prior exposure requirement removed; no supporting studies are cited)''
−
* 5/7/2013: FDA indication revised: in combination with [[Carboplatin (Paraplatin) | carboplatin]], for the treatment of advanced [[Ovarian cancer | ovarian cancer]] that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of [[Regimen_classes#Platinum-based_regimen|platinum-based therapy]]. ''(Prior exposure requirement restored; no supporting studies are cited)''
+
* 2013-05-07: FDA indication revised: in combination with [[Carboplatin (Paraplatin) | carboplatin]], for the treatment of advanced [[Ovarian cancer | ovarian cancer]] that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of [[Regimen_classes#Platinum-based_regimen|platinum-based therapy]]. ''(Prior exposure requirement restored; no supporting studies are cited)''
  
 
===[[Pancreatic cancer]]===
 
===[[Pancreatic cancer]]===
−
* 5/15/1996: Initial FDA approval for first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced (nonresectable Stage II or Stage III) or metastatic (Stage IV) [[Pancreatic cancer | adenocarcinoma of the pancreas]]. ''(Based on Burris et al. 1997)''
+
* 1996-05-15: Initial FDA approval for first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced (nonresectable Stage II or Stage III) or metastatic (Stage IV) [[Pancreatic cancer | adenocarcinoma of the pancreas]]. ''(Based on Burris et al. 1997)''
−
* 5/15/1996: Initial FDA approval for patients with [[Pancreatic cancer | adenocarcinoma of the pancreas]] previously treated with [[Regimen_classes#5-FU-based_regimen| 5-FU]]. ''(Based on Rothenberg et al. 1996a)''
+
* 1996-05-15: Initial FDA approval for patients with [[Pancreatic cancer | adenocarcinoma of the pancreas]] previously treated with [[Regimen_classes#5-FU-based_regimen| 5-FU]]. ''(Based on Rothenberg et al. 1996a)''
  
 
==Also known as==
 
==Also known as==

Revision as of 22:05, 4 May 2023

General information

Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog; metabolized within cells to the active nucleoside forms: diphosphate (dFdCDP) and triphosphate (dFdCTP). Gemcitabine diphosphate inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, which catalyzes reactions that produce deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA synthesis. This inhibition of deoxynucleoside triphosphates helps gemcitabine triphosphate to compete with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) to be incorporated into DNA. DNA synthesis is halted, since only one additional nucleotide can be added to a DNA strand after gemcitabine is incorporated.[1][2]
Route: IV
Extravasation: irritant or neutral, depending on reference

For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, Lexicomp, UpToDate (courtesy of Lexicomp), or the prescribing information.[1]

Diseases for which it is established (work in progress)

Diseases for which it is used

Patient drug information

History of changes in FDA indication

Breast cancer

  • 2004-05-19: New FDA indication in combination with paclitaxel is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy, unless anthracyclines were clinically contraindicated. (Based on Albain et al. 2008)

Non-small cell lung cancer

  • 1998-08-25: Indicated in combination with cisplatin for the first-line treatment of patients with inoperable, locally advanced (Stage IIIA or IIIB) or metastatic (Stage IV) non-small cell lung cancer. (Based on Cardenal et al. 1999 & Sandler et al. 2000)

Ovarian cancer

  • 2006-07-14: FDA approved in combination with carboplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of platinum based therapy. (Based on AGO-OVAR 2.5)
  • 2010-03-19: New FDA indication for ovarian cancer in combination with carboplatin. (Prior exposure requirement removed; no supporting studies are cited)
  • 2013-05-07: FDA indication revised: in combination with carboplatin, for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of platinum-based therapy. (Prior exposure requirement restored; no supporting studies are cited)

Pancreatic cancer

  • 1996-05-15: Initial FDA approval for first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced (nonresectable Stage II or Stage III) or metastatic (Stage IV) adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. (Based on Burris et al. 1997)
  • 1996-05-15: Initial FDA approval for patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas previously treated with 5-FU. (Based on Rothenberg et al. 1996a)

Also known as

  • Code name: LY-188011
  • Generic name: difluorodeoxycytidine hydrochloride, gemcitabine hydrochloride
  • Brand names: Gemcite, Gemzar, Infugem

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gemcitabine (Gemzar) package insert
  2. ↑ Gemcitabine (Gemzar) package insert (locally hosted backup)
  3. ↑ Gemcitabine (Gemzar) patient drug information (Chemocare)
  4. ↑ Gemcitabine (Gemzar) patient drug information (UpToDate)
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