Renal cell carcinoma - historical
The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. As a general rule, this includes the inferior arm(s) of a randomized study, unless said regimens continue to be recommended by trustworthy sources such as the NCCN Guidelines. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the main RCC page for current regimens.
9 regimens on this page
9 variants on this page
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Metastatic disease, first-line
Interferon alfa-2a & Interleukin-2
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Negrier et al. 1998 | 1992-1995 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | 1. HD IL-2 2. Interferon alfa-2a |
Superior EFS |
Passalacqua et al. 2009 | 1998-2003 | Phase 3 (C) | IFN & IL-2; maintenance | Did not meet primary endpoint of OS |
Négrier et al. 2008 (LEONB-PERCY-DUO) | 2000-2005 | Phase 3 (C) | IFN & IL-2; IV IL-2 | Did not meet primary endpoint of OS |
Immunotherapy
References
- Négrier S, Escudier B, Lasset C, Douillard JY, Savary J, Chevreau C, Ravaud A, Mercatello A, Peny J, Mousseau M, Philip T, Tursz T; Groupe Français d'Immunothérapie. Recombinant human interleukin-2, recombinant human interferon alfa-2a, or both in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 30;338(18):1272-8. link to original article PubMed
- LEONB-PERCY-DUO: Négrier S, Perol D, Ravaud A, Bay JO, Oudard S, Chabaud S, Fargeot P, Delva R, Deplanque G, Gravis G, Escudier B; French Immunotherapy Group. Randomized study of intravenous versus subcutaneous interleukin-2, and IFNalpha in patients with good prognosis metastatic renal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 15;14(18):5907-12. link to original article PubMed NCT00416871
- Passalacqua R, Buzio C, Buti S, Porta C, Labianca R, Pezzuolo D, Camisa R, Sabbatini R, Benecchi L, Messina C, Cengarle R, Vaglio A, Dalla Chiesa M, Tomasello G, Caminiti C. Phase III, randomised, multicentre trial of maintenance immunotherapy with low-dose interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha for metastatic renal cell cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 Apr;59(4):553-61. Epub 2009 Sep 25. link to original article PubMed
Interferon alfa-2b monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence |
---|---|---|
Flanigan et al. 2001 (SWOG 8949) | 1991-1998 | Non-randomized part of RCT |
Mickisch et al. 2001 (EORTC 30947) | 1995-1998 | Non-randomized part of RCT |
Preceding treatment
Immunotherapy
References
- EORTC 30947: Mickisch GH, Garin A, van Poppel H, de Prijck L, Sylvester R; EORTC Genitourinary Group. Radical nephrectomy plus interferon-alfa-based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2001 Sep 22;358(9286):966-70. link to original article PubMed
- SWOG 8949: Flanigan RC, Salmon SE, Blumenstein BA, Bearman SI, Roy V, McGrath PC, Caton JR Jr, Munshi N, Crawford ED. Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001 Dec 6;345(23):1655-9. link to original article PubMed
- ECOG E2898: NCT00005966
Medroxyprogesterone acetate monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ritchie et al. 1999 (MRC RE01) | 1992-1997 | Phase 3 (C) | IFN alfa-2a | Seems to have inferior OS |
Negrier et al. 2007 (PERCY Quattro) | 2000-2004 | Phase 3 (C) | 1. IFN alfa-2a 2. IFN alfa-2a & IL-2 3. IL-2 |
Did not meet primary endpoint of OS |
Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.
Hormone replacement therapy
References
- MRC RE01: Ritchie A, Griffiths G, Parmar M; Medical Research Council Renal Cancer Collaborators. Interferon-alpha and survival in metastatic renal carcinoma: early results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999 Jan 2;353(9146):14-7. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
- PERCY Quattro: Negrier S, Perol D, Ravaud A, Chevreau C, Bay JO, Delva R, Sevin E, Caty A, Escudier B; French Immunotherapy Intergroup. Medroxyprogesterone, interferon alfa-2a, interleukin 2, or combination of both cytokines in patients with metastatic renal carcinoma of intermediate prognosis: results of a randomized controlled trial. Cancer. 2007 Dec 1;110(11):2468-77. link to original article PubMed NCT00416429
Vinblastine monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pyrhönen et al. 1999 | 1988-1994 | Phase 3 (C) | Vinblastine & IFN alfa-2a | Inferior OS |
Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.
Chemotherapy
References
- Pyrhönen S, Salminen E, Ruutu M, Lehtonen T, Nurmi M, Tammela T, Juusela H, Rintala E, Hietanen P, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Prospective randomized trial of interferon alfa-2a plus vinblastine versus vinblastine alone in patients with advanced renal cell cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Sep;17(9):2859-67. link to original article PubMed
Metastatic disease, second-line
FC, then allo HSCT
FC: Fludarabine & Cyclophosphamide
Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Childs et al. 2000 | Non-randomized, fewer than 20 pts |
Chemotherapy
- Fludarabine (Fludara) 25 mg/m2 IV once per day on days -5 to -1
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 60 mg/kg IV once per day on days -7 & -6
Immunotherapy
- Allogeneic stem cells transfused on day 0
References
- Childs R, Chernoff A, Contentin N, Bahceci E, Schrump D, Leitman S, Read EJ, Tisdale J, Dunbar C, Linehan WM, Young NS, Clave E, Epperson D, Mayo V, Barrett AJ. Regression of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma after nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2000 Sep 14;343(11):750-8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
Interferon alfa-2a monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aass et al. 2005 (EORTC 30951) | 1998-2001 | Phase 3 (C) | IFN alfa-2a & Isotretinoin | Seems to have inferior OS |
Immunotherapy
References
- EORTC 30951: Aass N, De Mulder PH, Mickisch GH, Mulders P, van Oosterom AT, van Poppel H, Fossa SD, de Prijck L, Sylvester RJ. Randomized phase II/III trial of interferon alfa-2a with and without 13-cis-retinoic acid in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell Carcinoma: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Group (EORTC 30951). J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 20;23(18):4172-8. link to original article PubMed NCT00002737
Interferon alfa-2a & Isotretinoin
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aass et al. 2005 (EORTC 30951) | 1998-2001 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | IFN alfa-2a | Seems to have superior OS (primary endpoint) Median OS: 17.3 vs 13.2 mo |
Immunotherapy
References
- EORTC 30951: Aass N, De Mulder PH, Mickisch GH, Mulders P, van Oosterom AT, van Poppel H, Fossa SD, de Prijck L, Sylvester RJ. Randomized phase II/III trial of interferon alfa-2a with and without 13-cis-retinoic acid in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell Carcinoma: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Group (EORTC 30951). J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 20;23(18):4172-8. link to original article PubMed NCT00002737
Interferon alfa-2c monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
De Mulder et al. 1995 (EORTC 30885) | 1988-1990 | Phase 3 (C) | IFN alfa-2c & IFN gamma | Did not meet efficacy endpoints |
Immunotherapy
References
- EORTC 30885: De Mulder PH, Oosterhof G, Bouffioux C, van Oosterom AT, Vermeylen K, Sylvester R; EORTC Genitourinary Group. EORTC (30885) randomised phase III study with recombinant interferon alpha and recombinant interferon alpha and gamma in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 1995 Feb;71(2):371-5. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
Megestrol monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ravaud et al. 2008 | 2002-2005 | Phase 3 (C) | Lapatinib | Did not meet primary endpoint of TTP |
Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.
Hormone replacement therapy
References
- Ravaud A, Hawkins R, Gardner JP, von der Maase H, Zantl N, Harper P, Rolland F, Audhuy B, Machiels JP, Pétavy F, Gore M, Schöffski P, El-Hariry I. Lapatinib versus hormone therapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase III clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 10;26(14):2285-91. link to original article PubMed