Difference between revisions of "Hepatoblastoma"
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#'''SIOPEL-4:''' Zsiros J, Brugieres L, Brock P, Roebuck D, Maibach R, Zimmermann A, Childs M, Pariente D, Laithier V, Otte JB, Branchereau S, Aronson D, Rangaswami A, Ronghe M, Casanova M, Sullivan M, Morland B, Czauderna P, Perilongo G; International Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Dose-dense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for children with high-risk hepatoblastoma (SIOPEL-4): a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Aug;14(9):834-42. Epub 2013 Jul 4. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70272-9 link to original article] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3730732/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23831416/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00077389 NCT00077389] | #'''SIOPEL-4:''' Zsiros J, Brugieres L, Brock P, Roebuck D, Maibach R, Zimmermann A, Childs M, Pariente D, Laithier V, Otte JB, Branchereau S, Aronson D, Rangaswami A, Ronghe M, Casanova M, Sullivan M, Morland B, Czauderna P, Perilongo G; International Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Dose-dense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for children with high-risk hepatoblastoma (SIOPEL-4): a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Aug;14(9):834-42. Epub 2013 Jul 4. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70272-9 link to original article] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3730732/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23831416/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00077389 NCT00077389] | ||
− | =Intermediate- | + | =Intermediate-risk, upfront therapy= |
==COG AHEP0731 protocol F {{#subobject:3a8i39|Regimen=1}}== | ==COG AHEP0731 protocol F {{#subobject:3a8i39|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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#Not yet identified | #Not yet identified | ||
− | = Low- | + | =Low-risk, upfront therapy= |
==COG AHEP0731 protocol T {{#subobject:3a8i39|Regimen=1}}== | ==COG AHEP0731 protocol T {{#subobject:3a8i39|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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Revision as of 20:07, 15 April 2024
Section editor | |
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Elaine Fan, MD KU School of Medicine Wichita, KS, USA |
7 regimens on this page
7 variants on this page
|
High-risk, upfront therapy
COG AHEP0731 protocol H - responders
Regimen
Chemotherapy, VIT portion (cycles 1 & 2)
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- Irinotecan (Camptosar) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.67 mg/kg (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
- 10 kg or more: 50 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
Targeted therapy, VIT portion (cycles 1 & 2)
- Temsirolimus (Torisel) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.2 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 35 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
Chemotherapy, C5VD portion (cycles 3 to 6)
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 IV once over 6 hours on day 1
- Fluorouracil (5-FU) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 30 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
Chemotherapy, VIT portion (cycle 7)
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- Irinotecan (Camptosar) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.67 mg/kg (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
- 10 kg or more: 50 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
Targeted therapy, VIT portion (cycle 7)
- Temsirolimus (Torisel) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.2 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 35 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
Chemotherapy, C5VD portion (cycles 8 & 9)
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 IV once over 6 hours on day 1
- Fluorouracil (5-FU) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 30 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
Supportive therapy, C5VD portion (cycles 8 & 9)
- Dexrazoxane (Zinecard) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 10 mg/kg IV over 5 to 15 minutes immediately prior to doxorubicin on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 300 mg/m2 IV over 5 to 15 minutes immediately prior to doxorubicin on days 1 & 2
Chemotherapy, VIT portion (cycle 10)
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- Irinotecan (Camptosar) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.67 mg/kg (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
- 10 kg or more: 50 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
Targeted therapy, VIT portion (cycle 10)
- Temsirolimus (Torisel) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.2 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 35 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
21-day cycle for 10 cycles
References
- None yet identified
COG AHEP0731 protocol H - non-responders
Regimen
Chemotherapy, VIT portion (cycles 1 & 2)
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 1 & 8
- Irinotecan (Camptosar) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.67 mg/kg (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
- 10 kg or more: 50 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 100 mg) IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
Targeted therapy, VIT portion (cycles 1 & 2)
- Temsirolimus (Torisel) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.2 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 35 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
Chemotherapy, C5VD portion (cycles 3 to 6)
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 IV once over 6 hours on day 1
- Fluorouracil (5-FU) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 30 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
Chemotherapy, C5VD portion (cycles 7 to 8)
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 IV once over 6 hours on day 1
- Fluorouracil (5-FU) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 30 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
Supportive therapy, C5VD portion (cycles 7 to 8)
- Dexrazoxane (Zinecard) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 10 mg/kg IV over 5 to 15 minutes immediately prior to doxorubicin on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 300 mg/m2 IV over 5 to 15 minutes immediately prior to doxorubicin on days 1 & 2
21-day cycle for 8 cycles
References
- None yet identified
COG AHEP0731 protocol W
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence |
---|---|---|
Katzenstein et al. 2017 (COG AHEP0731 HR) | 2009-09 to 2012-02 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
- Irinotecan (Camptosar) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1.67 mg/kg IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
- 10 kg or more: 50 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes once per day on days 1 to 5
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg IV once per day on days 1 & 8
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 & 8
21-day cycle for 2 cycles
Subsequent treatment
- Depends on response; see paper for details
References
- COG AHEP0731 HR: Katzenstein HM, Furman WL, Malogolowkin MH, Krailo MD, McCarville MB, Towbin AJ, Tiao GM, Finegold MJ, Ranganathan S, Dunn SP, Langham MR, McGahren ED, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Meyers RL. Upfront window vincristine/irinotecan treatment of high-risk hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AHEP0731 study committee. Cancer. 2017 Jun 15;123(12):2360-2367. Epub 2017 Feb 17. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00980460
SIOPEL-4 protocol
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence |
---|---|---|
Zsiros et al. 2013 (SIOPEL-4) | 2005-01-01 to 2009-08-31 | Non-randomized |
To be completed
Neoadjuvant
References
- SIOPEL-4: Zsiros J, Brugieres L, Brock P, Roebuck D, Maibach R, Zimmermann A, Childs M, Pariente D, Laithier V, Otte JB, Branchereau S, Aronson D, Rangaswami A, Ronghe M, Casanova M, Sullivan M, Morland B, Czauderna P, Perilongo G; International Childhood Liver Tumours Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Dose-dense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for children with high-risk hepatoblastoma (SIOPEL-4): a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Aug;14(9):834-42. Epub 2013 Jul 4. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed NCT00077389
Intermediate-risk, upfront therapy
COG AHEP0731 protocol F
Regimen
Chemotherapy, C5VD portion (cycles 1 to 4)
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 IV once over 6 hours on day 1
- Fluorouracil (5-FU) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 30 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
Chemotherapy, C5VD portion (cycles 5 & 6)
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 IV once over 6 hours on day 1
- Fluorouracil (5-FU) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 1 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 30 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes once per day on days 1 & 2
Supportive therapy, C5VD portion (cycles 5 & 6)
- Dexrazoxane (Zinecard) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 10 mg/kg IV over 5 to 15 minutes immediately prior to doxorubicin on days 1 & 2
- 10 kg or more: 300 mg/m2 IV over 5 to 15 minutes immediately prior to doxorubicin on days 1 & 2
21-day cycle for 6 cycles
References
- Not yet identified
Low-risk, upfront therapy
COG AHEP0731 protocol T
Regimen
Preceding treatment
Chemotherapy
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 IV once over 6 hours on day 1
- Fluorouracil (5-FU) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV push over 2 to 4 minutes once on day 2
- Vincristine (Oncovin) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV push or infusion once per day on days 2, 9, 16
21-day cycle for 2 cycles
References
- COG AHEP0731: Katzenstein HM, Langham MR, Malogolowkin MH, Krailo MD, Towbin AJ, McCarville MB, Finegold MJ, Ranganathan S, Dunn S, McGahren ED, Tiao GM, O'Neill AF, Qayed M, Furman WL, Xia C, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Meyers RL; Children's Oncology Group. Minimal adjuvant chemotherapy for children with hepatoblastoma resected at diagnosis (AHEP0731): a Children's Oncology Group, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncology. 2019 May 1. 20(5) 719-727. Epub 2019 Apr 8. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed NCT00980460
Adjuvant therapy
Cisplatin & Fluorouracil (CF) & Vincristine
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Katzenstein et al. 2019 (COG AHEP0731) | 2010-2014 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | Observation | Seems to have superior EFS (primary endpoint) |
For stage 1 or 2 hepatoblastoma without 100% pure fetal stage I or small-cell undifferentiated histology with complete resection at diagnosis and no history of prior chemotherapy or liver directed therapy. Eligible patients include: patients< 21 years old, elevated serum α-fetoprotein level (>100 ng/mL), at least 50% Karnofsky (patients >16 years) or Lansky (patients ≤16 years) performance status.
Preceding treatment
- Curative surgical resection
Chemotherapy
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 3.3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1
- 10 kg or more: 100 mg/m2 over 6 hours once on day 1
- Fluorouracil by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 20 mg/kg IV once on day 2
- 10 kg or more: 600 mg/m2 IV once on day 2
- Vincristine by the following weight-based criteria:
- Less than 10 kg: 0.05 mg/kg IV once per day on days 2, 9, 16
- 10 kg or more: 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg) IV once per day on days 2, 9, 16
21-day course; to be given within 42 days of resection
References
- COG AHEP0731: Katzenstein HM, Langham MR, Malogolowkin MH, Krailo MD, Towbin AJ, McCarville MB, Finegold MJ, Ranganathan S, Dunn S, McGahren ED, Tiao GM, O'Neill AF, Qayed M, Furman WL, Xia C, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Meyers RL; Children's Oncology Group. Minimal adjuvant chemotherapy for children with hepatoblastoma resected at diagnosis (AHEP0731): a Children's Oncology Group, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncology. 2019 May 1. 20(5) 719-727. Epub 2019 Apr 8. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed NCT00980460
All lines of therapy
Cisplatin monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy | Comparative Toxicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perilongo et al. 2009 (SIOPEL 3) | 1998-2006 | Phase 3 (E-de-esc) | Cisplatin & Doxorubicin | Non-inferior complete resection rate (primary endpoint) | |
Brock et al. 2018 (SIOPEL 6) | 2007-2014 | Phase 3 (C) | Cisplatin & Sodium thiosulfate | More hearing loss |
Chemotherapy
References
- SIOPEL 3: Perilongo G, Maibach R, Shafford E, Brugieres L, Brock P, Morland B, de Camargo B, Zsiros J, Roebuck D, Zimmermann A, Aronson D, Childs M, Widing E, Laithier V, Plaschkes J, Pritchard J, Scopinaro M, MacKinlay G, Czauderna P. Cisplatin versus cisplatin plus doxorubicin for standard-risk hepatoblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1662-70. link to original article PubMed NCT00003912
- SIOPEL 6: Brock PR, Maibach R, Childs M, Rajput K, Roebuck D, Sullivan MJ, Laithier V, Ronghe M, Dall'Igna P, Hiyama E, Brichard B, Skeen J, Mateos ME, Capra M, Rangaswami AA, Ansari M, Rechnitzer C, Veal GJ, Covezzoli A, Brugières L, Perilongo G, Czauderna P, Morland B, Neuwelt EA. Sodium Thiosulfate for Protection from Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 21;378(25):2376-2385. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed NCT00652132
Cisplatin & Doxorubicin
PLADO: PLAtinol (Cisplatin) & DOxorubicin
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy | Comparative Toxicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ortega et al. 2000 | 1989-1992 | Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) | CF & Vincristine | More toxic (primary endpoint) | |
Pritchard et al. 2000 (SIOPEL 1) | 1990-1994 | Non-randomized | |||
Perilongo et al. 2009 (SIOPEL 3) | 1998-2006 | Phase 3 (C) | Cisplatin | Non-inferior complete resection rate |
Note: the duration of cycles was not specified.'
Chemotherapy
- Cisplatin (Platinol) by the following age-based criteria:
- Younger than 1 year old: 3 mg/kg IV over 6 hours once on day 1, given first
- 1 year old or older: 90 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours once on day 1, given first
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 20 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 96 hours, started on day 1, given second (total dose per cycle: 80 mg/m2)
4 cycles
References
- Ortega JA, Douglass EC, Feusner JH, Reynolds M, Quinn JJ, Finegold MJ, Haas JE, King DR, Liu-Mares W, Sensel MG, Krailo MD; Children's Cancer Group; Pediatric Oncology Group. Randomized comparison of cisplatin/vincristine/fluorouracil and cisplatin/continuous infusion doxorubicin for treatment of pediatric hepatoblastoma: a report from the Children's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jul;18(14):2665-75. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
- SIOPEL 1: Pritchard J, Brown J, Shafford E, Perilongo G, Brock P, Dicks-Mireaux C, Keeling J, Phillips A, Vos A, Plaschkes J. Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and delayed surgery for childhood hepatoblastoma: a successful approach--results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Nov 15;18(22):3819-28. link to original article PubMed
- SIOPEL 3: Perilongo G, Maibach R, Shafford E, Brugieres L, Brock P, Morland B, de Camargo B, Zsiros J, Roebuck D, Zimmermann A, Aronson D, Childs M, Widing E, Laithier V, Plaschkes J, Pritchard J, Scopinaro M, MacKinlay G, Czauderna P. Cisplatin versus cisplatin plus doxorubicin for standard-risk hepatoblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1662-70. link to original article PubMed NCT00003912