Follicular lymphoma - historical

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The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. As a general rule, this includes the inferior arm(s) of a randomized study, unless said regimens continue to be recommended by trustworthy sources such as the NCCN Guidelines. Please go to the follicular lymphoma regimen page to find other regimens.

30 regimens on this page
38 variants on this page


Note: Some of these regimens are not specific to follicular lymphoma because they were published before the modern classification schema was finalized. That said, most indolent lymphomas are follicular lymphoma and unless otherwise specified these should be assumed to be germane to follicular lymphoma.

Untreated

CF

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CF: Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator
Hochseter et al. 2009 (ECOG E1496) Phase III

Note: investigation into this regimen was halted due to excess mortality.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Hochster H, Weller E, Gascoyne RD, Habermann TM, Gordon LI, Ryan T, Zhang L, Colocci N, Frankel S, Horning SJ. Maintenance rituximab after cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone prolongs progression-free survival in advanced indolent lymphoma: results of the randomized phase III ECOG1496 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Apr 1;27(10):1607-14. Epub 2009 Mar 2. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

CHOP

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CHOP: Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin (Doxorubicin), Oncovin (Vincristine), Prednisone

Regimen #1

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Hiddemann et al. 2005 Phase III R-CHOP Decreased OS
Nickenig et al. 2006 Phase III MCP Equivalent OS

21-day cycle x 6 to 8 cycles

Regimen #2

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Zinzani et al. 2004 Phase III FM Equivalent OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles x 6 cycles; patients with PR or CR with detectable bcl-2/IgH fusion by PCR received:

4-week course

References

  1. Zinzani PL, Pulsoni A, Perrotti A, Soverini S, Zaja F, De Renzo A, Storti S, Lauta VM, Guardigni L, Gentilini P, Tucci A, Molinari AL, Gobbi M, Falini B, Fattori PP, Ciccone F, Alinari L, Martelli M, Pileri S, Tura S, Baccarani M. Fludarabine plus mitoxantrone with and without rituximab versus CHOP with and without rituximab as front-line treatment for patients with follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jul 1;22(13):2654-61. Epub 2004 May 24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Hiddemann W, Kneba M, Dreyling M, Schmitz N, Lengfelder E, Schmits R, Reiser M, Metzner B, Harder H, Hegewisch-Becker S, Fischer T, Kropff M, Reis HE, Freund M, Wörmann B, Fuchs R, Planker M, Schimke J, Eimermacher H, Trümper L, Aldaoud A, Parwaresch R, Unterhalt M. Frontline therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma compared with therapy with CHOP alone: results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 2005 Dec 1;106(12):3725-32. Epub 2005 Aug 25. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. Sebban C, Mounier N, Brousse N, Belanger C, Brice P, Haioun C, Tilly H, Feugier P, Bouabdallah R, Doyen C, Salles G, Coiffier B. Standard chemotherapy with interferon compared with CHOP followed by high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in untreated patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: the GELF-94 randomized study from the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA). Blood. 2006 Oct 15;108(8):2540-4. Epub 2006 Jul 11. link to original article PubMed
  4. Nickenig C, Dreyling M, Hoster E, Pfreundschuh M, Trumper L, Reiser M, Wandt H, Lengfelder E, Unterhalt M, Hiddemann W; German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Combined cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHOP) improves response rates but not survival and has lower hematologic toxicity compared with combined mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisone (MCP) in follicular and mantle cell lymphomas: results of a prospective randomized trial of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Cancer. 2006 Sep 1;107(5):1014-22. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

CHOP-B

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CHOP-B: Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin (Doxorubicin), Oncovin (Vincristine), Prednisone, Bleomycin

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Peterson et al. 2003 (CALGB 7951) Phase III Cyclophosphamide Seems not superior

3-week cycle for 6 cycles, then CHOP continues every 4 weeks (see paper for details)

References

  1. Peterson BA, Petroni GR, Frizzera G, Barcos M, Bloomfield CD, Nissen NI, Hurd DD, Henderson ES, Sartiano GP, Johnson JL, Holland JF, Gottlieb AJ. Prolonged single-agent versus combination chemotherapy in indolent follicular lymphomas: a study of the cancer and leukemia group B. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 1;21(1):5-15. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

CHVP

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CHVP: Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin (Doxorubicin), Vumon (Teniposide), Prednisone

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator
Solal-Celigny et al. 1993 (GELF-86) Phase III CHVP-I

References

  1. Solal-Celigny P, Lepage E, Brousse N, Reyes F, Haioun C, Leporrier M, Peuchmaur M, Bosly A, Parlier Y, Brice P, et al. Recombinant interferon alfa-2b combined with a regimen containing doxorubicin in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. N Engl J Med. 1993 Nov 25;329(22):1608-14. link to original article PubMed

CHVP-I

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CHVP-I: Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin (Doxorubicin), Vumon (Teniposide), Prednisone, Interferon alfa-2b

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator
Solal-Celigny et al. 1993 (GELF-86) Phase III CHVP
Sebban et al. 2006 (GELF-94) Phase III CHOP -> HDT

References

  1. Solal-Celigny P, Lepage E, Brousse N, Reyes F, Haioun C, Leporrier M, Peuchmaur M, Bosly A, Parlier Y, Brice P, et al. Recombinant interferon alfa-2b combined with a regimen containing doxorubicin in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. N Engl J Med. 1993 Nov 25;329(22):1608-14. link to original article PubMed
  2. Sebban C, Mounier N, Brousse N, Belanger C, Brice P, Haioun C, Tilly H, Feugier P, Bouabdallah R, Doyen C, Salles G, Coiffier B. Standard chemotherapy with interferon compared with CHOP followed by high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in untreated patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: the GELF-94 randomized study from the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA). Blood. 2006 Oct 15;108(8):2540-4. Epub 2006 Jul 11. link to original article PubMed

CVP

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CVP: Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Prednisone

Synonyms: COP, COP protocol 2, VCP

Structured Concept: C9573 (NCI-T), C0056633 (NCI-MT/UMLS)

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy Toxicity
Marcus et al. 2005 Phase III R-CVP Worsened OS Similar toxicity

21-day cycles x up to 8 cycles

References

  1. Marcus R, Imrie K, Belch A, Cunningham D, Flores E, Catalano J, Solal-Celigny P, Offner F, Walewski J, Raposo J, Jack A, Smith P. CVP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CVP as first-line treatment for advanced follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2005 Feb 15;105(4):1417-23. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Marcus R, Imrie K, Solal-Celigny P, Catalano JV, Dmoszynska A, Raposo JC, Offner FC, Gomez-Codina J, Belch A, Cunningham D, Wassner-Fritsch E, Stein G. Phase III study of R-CVP compared with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone alone in patients with previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 1;26(28):4579-86. Epub 2008 Jul 28. link to original article PubMed

FM

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FM: Fludarabine, Mitoxantrone

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Zinzani et al. 2004 Phase III CHOP Equivalent OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles x 6 cycles

References

  1. Zinzani PL, Pulsoni A, Perrotti A, Soverini S, Zaja F, De Renzo A, Storti S, Lauta VM, Guardigni L, Gentilini P, Tucci A, Molinari AL, Gobbi M, Falini B, Fattori PP, Ciccone F, Alinari L, Martelli M, Pileri S, Tura S, Baccarani M. Fludarabine plus mitoxantrone with and without rituximab versus CHOP with and without rituximab as front-line treatment for patients with follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jul 1;22(13):2654-61. Epub 2004 May 24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

FND

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FND: Fludarabine, Novantrone (Mitoxantrone), Dexamethasone

Regimen

Study Evidence
McLaughlin et al. 1996 Phase II

28-day cycle x up to 8 cycles

References

  1. McLaughlin P, Hagemeister FB, Romaguera JE, Sarris AH, Pate O, Younes A, Swan F, Keating M, Cabanillas F. Fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone: an effective new regimen for indolent lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Apr;14(4):1262-8. link to original article PubMed

MCP

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MCP: Mitoxantrone, Chlorambucil, Prednisolone

Regimen #1

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Nickenig et al. 2006 Phase III CHOP Equivalent OS

28-day cycles x 6 to 8 cycles

Regimen #2

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Herold et al. 2007 (OSHO #39) Phase III R-MCP Inferior OS

28-day cycles x up to 8 cycles

All patients who achieved a PR or CR were placed on maintenance interferon alfa-2a within 4 to 8 weeks of completion of chemotherapy.

References

  1. Nickenig C, Dreyling M, Hoster E, Pfreundschuh M, Trumper L, Reiser M, Wandt H, Lengfelder E, Unterhalt M, Hiddemann W; German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Combined cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHOP) improves response rates but not survival and has lower hematologic toxicity compared with combined mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisone (MCP) in follicular and mantle cell lymphomas: results of a prospective randomized trial of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Cancer. 2006 Sep 1;107(5):1014-22. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Herold M, Haas A, Srock S, Neser S, Al-Ali KH, Neubauer A, Dölken G, Naumann R, Knauf W, Freund M, Rohrberg R, Höffken K, Franke A, Ittel T, Kettner E, Haak U, Mey U, Klinkenstein C, Assmann M, von Grünhagen U; East German Study Group Hematology and Oncology Study. Rituximab added to first-line mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisolone chemotherapy followed by interferon maintenance prolongs survival in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: an East German Study Group Hematology and Oncology Study. J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 20;25(15):1986-92. Epub 2007 Apr 9. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Herold M, Scholz CW, Rothmann F, Hirt C, Lakner V, Naumann R. Long-term follow-up of rituximab plus first-line mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, prednisolone and interferon-alpha as maintenance therapy in follicular lymphoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2015 Sep;141(9):1689-95. Epub 2015 Mar 25. link to original article PubMed

ProMACE-MOPP

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ProMACE-MOPP: Prolix (Prednisone), Methotrexate, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Mustargen (Mechlorethamine), Oncovin (Vincristine), Procarbazine, Prednisone

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator
Young et al. 1988 Phase III Observation

References

  1. Young RC, Longo DL, Glatstein E, Ihde DC, Jaffe ES, DeVita VT Jr. The treatment of indolent lymphomas: watchful waiting v aggressive combined modality treatment. Semin Hematol. 1988 Apr;25(2 Suppl 2):11-6. PubMed

Relapsed/Refractory

CHOP

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CHOP: Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin (Doxorubicin), Oncovin (Vincristine), Prednisone

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Van Oers et al. 2006 (EORTC 20981) Phase III R-CHOP Decreased PFS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 6 cycles

Responders (PR or CR) were randomized to maintenance rituximab or no further treatment.

References

  1. van Oers MH, Klasa R, Marcus RE, Wolf M, Kimby E, Gascoyne RD, Jack A, Van't Veer M, Vranovsky A, Holte H, van Glabbeke M, Teodorovic I, Rozewicz C, Hagenbeek A. Rituximab maintenance improves clinical outcome of relapsed/resistant follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients both with and without rituximab during induction: results of a prospective randomized phase 3 intergroup trial. Blood. 2006 Nov 15;108(10):3295-301. Epub 2006 Jul 27. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: van Oers MH, Van Glabbeke M, Giurgea L, Klasa R, Marcus RE, Wolf M, Kimby E, van t Veer M, Vranovsky A, Holte H, Hagenbeek A. Rituximab maintenance treatment of relapsed/resistant follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term outcome of the EORTC 20981 phase III randomized intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jun 10;28(17):2853-8. Epub 2010 May 3. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

References

  1. Ahmadi T, Chong EA, Gordon A, Aqui NA, Nasta SD, Svoboda J, Mato AR, Schuster SJ. Combined lenalidomide, low-dose dexamethasone, and rituximab achieves durable responses in rituximab-resistant indolent and mantle cell lymphomas. Cancer. 2014 Jan 15;120(2):222-8. Epub 2013 Oct 7. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

FCM

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FCM: Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, Mitoxantrone

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Forstpointner et al. 2004 Phase III R-FCM Decreased OS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 4 cycles

Responders (PR or CR) were randomized to maintenance rituximab or no further treatment.

References

  1. Forstpointner R, Dreyling M, Repp R, Hermann S, Hänel A, Metzner B, Pott C, Hartmann F, Rothmann F, Rohrberg R, Böck HP, Wandt H, Unterhalt M, Hiddemann W; German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. The addition of rituximab to a combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone (FCM) significantly increases the response rate and prolongs survival as compared with FCM alone in patients with relapsed and refractory follicular and mantle cell lymphomas: results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 2004 Nov 15;104(10):3064-71. Epub 2004 Jul 29. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Forstpointner R, Unterhalt M, Dreyling M, Böck HP, Repp R, Wandt H, Pott C, Seymour JF, Metzner B, Hänel A, Lehmann T, Hartmann F, Einsele H, Hiddemann W; German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG). Maintenance therapy with rituximab leads to a significant prolongation of response duration after salvage therapy with a combination of rituximab, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone (R-FCM) in patients with recurring and refractory follicular and mantle cell lymphomas: Results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG). Blood. 2006 Dec 15;108(13):4003-8. Epub 2006 Aug 31. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

FMP

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FMP: Fludarabine, Mitoxantrone, Prednisone

Regimen

Study Evidence
Zinzani et al. 1995 Phase II

References

  1. Zinzani PL, Bendandi M, Tura S. FMP regimen (fludarabine, mitoxantrone, prednisone) as therapy in recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eur J Haematol. 1995 Oct;55(4):262-6. PubMed

FR

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FR: Fludarabine, Rituximab

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Rummel et al. 2015 (StiL NHL 2-2003) Phase III BR Decreased OS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle up to 6 cycles

References

  1. Rummel M, Kaiser U, Balser C, Stauch M, Brugger W, Welslau M, Niederle N, Losem C, Boeck HP, Weidmann E, von Gruenhagen U, Mueller L, Sandherr M, Hahn L, Vereshchagina J, Kauff F, Blau W, Hinke A, Barth J; Study group indolent Lymphomas (StiL). Bendamustine plus rituximab versus fludarabine plus rituximab for patients with relapsed indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jan;17(1):57-66. Epub 2015 Dec 5. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
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