Difference between revisions of "Venous thromboembolism"

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'''Use of this site is subject to you reading and agreeing with the terms set forth in the [[HemOnc.org_-_A_Hematology_Oncology_Wiki:General_disclaimer|disclaimer]].'''
 
'''Use of this site is subject to you reading and agreeing with the terms set forth in the [[HemOnc.org_-_A_Hematology_Oncology_Wiki:General_disclaimer|disclaimer]].'''
  
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Other information on HemOnc.org regarding management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) include:
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Is there a regimen missing from this list? Would you like to share a different dosage/schedule or an additional reference for a regimen? Have you noticed an error? Do you have an idea that will help the site grow to better meet your needs and the needs of many others? You are [[How_to_contribute|invited to contribute to the site]].
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<big>Other information on HemOnc.org regarding management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) include:
 +
*[[Bleeding with anticoagulation]]
 
*[[Deep veins and superficial veins in the arms and legs]]
 
*[[Deep veins and superficial veins in the arms and legs]]
 
*[[Hypercoagulable state (thrombophilia)]] evaluation
 
*[[Hypercoagulable state (thrombophilia)]] evaluation
 
*[[Compression stockings and sleeves]] for management and prophylaxis against postphlebitic (postthrombotic) syndrome<ref>[http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/121/8/e217.full Circulation patient page about postthrombotic syndrome (PTS)]</ref>
 
*[[Compression stockings and sleeves]] for management and prophylaxis against postphlebitic (postthrombotic) syndrome<ref>[http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/121/8/e217.full Circulation patient page about postthrombotic syndrome (PTS)]</ref>
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</big>
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|<div style="background-color: #66FF66; border: 1px solid #808000; padding: 5px; {{border-radius|16px}}" align="right"><font size="4"><b>{{#ask: [[-Has subobject::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] |?Regimen |limit=10000|format=sum}} regimens on this page</b></font></div>
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<div style="background-color: #66CCFF; border: 1px solid #808000; padding: 5px; {{border-radius|16px}}"><font size="4"><b>{{#ask: [[-Has subobject::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] |?Variant |limit=10000|format=sum}} variants on this page</b></font></div>
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{{TOC limit|limit=3}}
 
=Guidelines=
 
=Guidelines=
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==ASCO==
 
==ASCO==
 
===Current===
 
===Current===
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*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4881372/ ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2014 update (2015)]  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25605844 PubMed]
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*'''2015:''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4881372/ ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2014 update]  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25605844 PubMed]
  
 
===Older===
 
===Older===
−
*[http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/31/17/2189.long ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2013 update (2013)] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23669224 PubMed]
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*'''2013:''' [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/31/17/2189.long ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2013 update] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23669224 PubMed]
  
 
==IMWG==
 
==IMWG==
 
===Current===
 
===Current===
−
*[http://imwg.myeloma.org/imwg-guidelines-for-the-prevention-of-thalidomide-and-lenalidomide-associated-thrombosis-in-myeloma/ IMWG Guidelines for the Prevention of Thalidomide- and Lenalidomide-Associated Thrombosis in Myeloma (2010)]
+
*'''2010:''' [http://imwg.myeloma.org/imwg-guidelines-for-the-prevention-of-thalidomide-and-lenalidomide-associated-thrombosis-in-myeloma/ IMWG guidelines for the prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma]
  
 
===Older===
 
===Older===
−
*[https://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v22/n2/full/2405062a.html Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma (2007)] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18094721 PubMed]
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*'''2007:''' [https://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v22/n2/full/2405062a.html Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18094721 PubMed]
  
 
=Randomized cancer-related trials=
 
=Randomized cancer-related trials=
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=VTE primary prophylaxis=
 
=VTE primary prophylaxis=
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This section will be transformed into HemOnc.org standard format soon.
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==Aspirin {{#subobject:2b1389|Regimen=1}}==
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==[[Aspirin]]==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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|[[#top|back to top]]
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|}
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===Regimen {{#subobject:e721b6|Variant=1}}===
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{| border="1" style="text-align:center;" !align="left"
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|'''Study'''
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|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|'''Evidence''']]
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|'''Comparator'''
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|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Efficacy|'''Efficacy''']]
 +
|-
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|[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/119/4/933.long Larocca et al. 2011]
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|style="background-color:#00cd00"|Phase III
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|[[#Enoxaparin_.28Lovenox.29|Enoxaparin]]
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|style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
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|-
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|}
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====Therapy====
 +
*[[Aspirin]] 100 mg PO once per day
 +
===References===
 
# Larocca A, Cavallo F, Bringhen S, Di Raimondo F, Falanga A, Evangelista A, Cavalli M, Stanevsky A, Corradini P, Pezzatti S, Patriarca F, Cavo M, Peccatori J, Catalano L, Carella AM, Cafro AM, Siniscalchi A, Crippa C, Petrucci MT, Yehuda DB, Beggiato E, Di Toritto TC, Boccadoro M, Nagler A, Palumbo A. Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012 Jan 26;119(4):933-9. Epub 2011 Aug 11. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/119/4/933.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835953 PubMed]
 
# Larocca A, Cavallo F, Bringhen S, Di Raimondo F, Falanga A, Evangelista A, Cavalli M, Stanevsky A, Corradini P, Pezzatti S, Patriarca F, Cavo M, Peccatori J, Catalano L, Carella AM, Cafro AM, Siniscalchi A, Crippa C, Petrucci MT, Yehuda DB, Beggiato E, Di Toritto TC, Boccadoro M, Nagler A, Palumbo A. Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012 Jan 26;119(4):933-9. Epub 2011 Aug 11. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/119/4/933.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835953 PubMed]
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==[[Betrixaban (Bevyxxa)]]==
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 +
==Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) {{#subobject:834d5c|Regimen=1}}==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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|[[#top|back to top]]
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|}
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===Regimen {{#subobject:f70ffb|Variant=1}}===
 +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center;" !align="left"
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|'''Study'''
 +
|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|'''Evidence''']]
 +
|'''Comparator'''
 +
|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Efficacy|'''Efficacy''']]
 +
|-
 +
|[http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1601747 Cohen et al. 2016 (APEX)]
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|style="background-color:#00cd00"|Phase III
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|[[#Enoxaparin_.28Lovenox.29|Enoxaparin]]
 +
|style="background-color:#d9ef8b"|Might have lower rates of VTE
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
====Therapy====
 +
*[[Betrixaban (Bevyxxa)]] 80 mg PO once per day
 +
===References===
 
# '''APEX:''' Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Wiens BL, Gold A, Hernandez AF, Gibson CM; APEX Investigators. Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44. Epub 2016 May 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1601747 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232649 PubMed]
 
# '''APEX:''' Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Wiens BL, Gold A, Hernandez AF, Gibson CM; APEX Investigators. Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44. Epub 2016 May 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1601747 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232649 PubMed]
−
==[[Enoxaparin (Lovenox)]]==
+
 
 +
==Enoxaparin (Lovenox) {{#subobject:f7bdac|Regimen=1}}==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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|[[#top|back to top]]
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|}
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===Regimen {{#subobject:8e940e|Variant=1}}===
 +
{| border="1" style="text-align:center;" !align="left"
 +
|'''Study'''
 +
|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|'''Evidence''']]
 +
|'''Comparator'''
 +
|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Efficacy|'''Efficacy''']]
 +
|-
 +
|[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/119/4/933.long Larocca et al. 2011]
 +
|style="background-color:#00cd00"|Phase III
 +
|[[#Aspirin|Aspirin]]
 +
|style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 +
|-
 +
|[http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1601747 Cohen et al. 2016 (APEX)]
 +
|style="background-color:#00cd00"|Phase III
 +
|[[#Betrixaban_.28Bevyxxa.29|Betrixaban]]
 +
|style="background-color:#fee08b"|Might have higher rates of VTE
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
====Therapy====
 +
*[[Enoxaparin (Lovenox)]] 40 mg SC once per day
 +
===References===
 
# Larocca A, Cavallo F, Bringhen S, Di Raimondo F, Falanga A, Evangelista A, Cavalli M, Stanevsky A, Corradini P, Pezzatti S, Patriarca F, Cavo M, Peccatori J, Catalano L, Carella AM, Cafro AM, Siniscalchi A, Crippa C, Petrucci MT, Yehuda DB, Beggiato E, Di Toritto TC, Boccadoro M, Nagler A, Palumbo A. Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012 Jan 26;119(4):933-9. Epub 2011 Aug 11. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/119/4/933.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835953 PubMed]
 
# Larocca A, Cavallo F, Bringhen S, Di Raimondo F, Falanga A, Evangelista A, Cavalli M, Stanevsky A, Corradini P, Pezzatti S, Patriarca F, Cavo M, Peccatori J, Catalano L, Carella AM, Cafro AM, Siniscalchi A, Crippa C, Petrucci MT, Yehuda DB, Beggiato E, Di Toritto TC, Boccadoro M, Nagler A, Palumbo A. Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012 Jan 26;119(4):933-9. Epub 2011 Aug 11. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/119/4/933.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835953 PubMed]
 
# '''APEX:''' Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Wiens BL, Gold A, Hernandez AF, Gibson CM; APEX Investigators. Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44. Epub 2016 May 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1601747 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232649 PubMed]
 
# '''APEX:''' Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Wiens BL, Gold A, Hernandez AF, Gibson CM; APEX Investigators. Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44. Epub 2016 May 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1601747 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232649 PubMed]
  
 
=VTE secondary prevention=
 
=VTE secondary prevention=
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This section will be transformed into HemOnc.org standard format soon.
 
==[[Aspirin]]==
 
==[[Aspirin]]==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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|}
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===References===
 
# '''WARFASA:''' Becattini C, Agnelli G, Schenone A, Eichinger S, Bucherini E, Silingardi M, Bianchi M, Moia M, Ageno W, Vandelli MR, Grandone E, Prandoni P; WARFASA Investigators. Aspirin for preventing the recurrence of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 24;366(21):1959-67. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 18;367(16):1573. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1114238 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621626 PubMed]
 
# '''WARFASA:''' Becattini C, Agnelli G, Schenone A, Eichinger S, Bucherini E, Silingardi M, Bianchi M, Moia M, Ageno W, Vandelli MR, Grandone E, Prandoni P; WARFASA Investigators. Aspirin for preventing the recurrence of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 24;366(21):1959-67. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 18;367(16):1573. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1114238 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621626 PubMed]
 
==[[Dalteparin (Fragmin)]]==
 
==[[Dalteparin (Fragmin)]]==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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|}
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===References===
 
# '''CLOT:''' Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa025313 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853587 PubMed]
 
# '''CLOT:''' Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa025313 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853587 PubMed]
 
==[[Enoxaparin (Lovenox)]]==
 
==[[Enoxaparin (Lovenox)]]==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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|[[#top|back to top]]
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|}
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===References===
 
# Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153376 PubMed]
 
# Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153376 PubMed]
 
==[[Warfarin (Coumadin)]]==
 
==[[Warfarin (Coumadin)]]==
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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|[[#top|back to top]]
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|}
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===References===
 
# Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153376 PubMed]
 
# Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153376 PubMed]
 
# '''PREVENT:''' Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Danielson E, Rosenberg Y, Eby CS, Deitcher SR, Cushman M, Moll S, Kessler CM, Elliott CG, Paulson R, Wong T, Bauer KA, Schwartz BA, Miletich JP, Bounameaux H, Glynn RJ; PREVENT Investigators. Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 10;348(15):1425-34. Epub 2003 Feb 24. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa035029 link to original article]  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12601075 PubMed]
 
# '''PREVENT:''' Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Danielson E, Rosenberg Y, Eby CS, Deitcher SR, Cushman M, Moll S, Kessler CM, Elliott CG, Paulson R, Wong T, Bauer KA, Schwartz BA, Miletich JP, Bounameaux H, Glynn RJ; PREVENT Investigators. Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 10;348(15):1425-34. Epub 2003 Feb 24. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa035029 link to original article]  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12601075 PubMed]
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=VTE treatment=
 
=VTE treatment=
−
This section will be transformed into HemOnc.org standard format soon, and includes references which are not VTE treatment at this time; this will be changed in the near future.
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This section will be transformed into HemOnc.org standard format soon.
 
==[[Apixaban (Eliquis)]]==
 
==[[Apixaban (Eliquis)]]==
−
# '''APPRAISE-2:''' Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, Kilaru R, He Y, Mohan P, Bhatt DL, Goodman S, Verheugt FW, Flather M, Huber K, Liaw D, Husted SE, Lopez-Sendon J, De Caterina R, Jansky P, Darius H, Vinereanu D, Cornel JH, Cools F, Atar D, Leiva-Pons JL, Keltai M, Ogawa H, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Ruzyllo W, Diaz R, White H, Ruda M, Geraldes M, Lawrence J, Harrington RA, Wallentin L; APPRAISE-2 Investigators. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 25;365(8):699-708. Epub 2011 Jul 24. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1105819 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21780946 PubMed]
+
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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# '''ARISTOTLE:''' Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):981-92. Epub 2011 Aug 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1107039 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870978 PubMed]
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|-
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|[[#top|back to top]]
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|}
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===References===
 
# '''PLIFY-EXT:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; PLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):699-708. Epub 2012 Dec 8. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1207541 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23216615 PubMed]
 
# '''PLIFY-EXT:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; PLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):699-708. Epub 2012 Dec 8. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1207541 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23216615 PubMed]
 
# '''AMPLIFY:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1302507 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808982 PubMed]
 
# '''AMPLIFY:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1302507 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808982 PubMed]
 
==[[Argatroban (Acova)]]==
 
==[[Argatroban (Acova)]]==
 
==[[Aspirin]]==
 
==[[Aspirin]]==
−
# '''APPRAISE-2:''' Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, Kilaru R, He Y, Mohan P, Bhatt DL, Goodman S, Verheugt FW, Flather M, Huber K, Liaw D, Husted SE, Lopez-Sendon J, De Caterina R, Jansky P, Darius H, Vinereanu D, Cornel JH, Cools F, Atar D, Leiva-Pons JL, Keltai M, Ogawa H, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Ruzyllo W, Diaz R, White H, Ruda M, Geraldes M, Lawrence J, Harrington RA, Wallentin L; APPRAISE-2 Investigators. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 25;365(8):699-708. Epub 2011 Jul 24. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1105819 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21780946 PubMed]
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;"
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|-
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===References===
 
# '''EINSTEIN CHOICE:''' Weitz JI, Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton TA, Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Freitas MCS, Holberg G, Kakkar AK, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap AF, Berkowitz SD, Verhamme P, Wells PS, Prandoni P; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or aspirin for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 30;376(13):1211-1222. Epub 2017 Mar 18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1700518 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28316279 PubMed]
 
# '''EINSTEIN CHOICE:''' Weitz JI, Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton TA, Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Freitas MCS, Holberg G, Kakkar AK, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap AF, Berkowitz SD, Verhamme P, Wells PS, Prandoni P; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or aspirin for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 30;376(13):1211-1222. Epub 2017 Mar 18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1700518 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28316279 PubMed]
 
==[[Bivalirudin (Angiomax)]]==
 
==[[Bivalirudin (Angiomax)]]==
 
==[[Dabigatran (Pradaxa)]]==
 
==[[Dabigatran (Pradaxa)]]==
−
# '''RE-LY:''' Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1139-51. Epub 2009 Aug 30. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 4;363(19):1877. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0905561 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717844 PubMed]
+
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===References===
 
# '''RE-COVER:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0906598 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966341 PubMed]
 
# '''RE-COVER:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0906598 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966341 PubMed]
 
# '''RE-MEDY:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113697 link to original article] [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425163 PubMed]
 
# '''RE-MEDY:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113697 link to original article] [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425163 PubMed]
Line 70: Line 176:
 
# '''RE-COVER II:''' Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/7/764.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344086 PubMed]
 
# '''RE-COVER II:''' Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/7/764.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344086 PubMed]
 
==[[Edoxaban (Savaysa)]]==
 
==[[Edoxaban (Savaysa)]]==
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===References===
 
# '''HOKUSAI-VTE:''' Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1306638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991658 PubMed]
 
# '''HOKUSAI-VTE:''' Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1306638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991658 PubMed]
 
## '''Subset analysis:''' Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(16)30057-6/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476789 PubMed]
 
## '''Subset analysis:''' Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(16)30057-6/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476789 PubMed]
−
# '''ENGAGE AF-TIMI-48:''' Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Špinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 28;369(22):2093-104. Epub 2013 Nov 19. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1310907 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251359 PubMed]
 
 
==[[Fondaparinux (Arixtra)]]==
 
==[[Fondaparinux (Arixtra)]]==
 
==[[Heparin]]==
 
==[[Heparin]]==
 
==[[Lepirudin (Refludan)]]==
 
==[[Lepirudin (Refludan)]]==
 
==[[Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)]]==
 
==[[Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)]]==
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===References===
 
# '''EINSTEIN-DVT:''' EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21128814 PubMed]
 
# '''EINSTEIN-DVT:''' EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21128814 PubMed]
−
# '''ROCKET AF:''' Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 8;365(10):883-91. Epub 2011 Aug 10. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1009638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21830957 PubMed]
 
−
# '''ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51:''' Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Bassand JP, Bhatt DL, Bode C, Burton P, Cohen M, Cook-Bruns N, Fox KA, Goto S, Murphy SA, Plotnikov AN, Schneider D, Sun X, Verheugt FW, Gibson CM; ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51 Investigators. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 5;366(1):9-19. Epub 2011 Nov 13. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1112277 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22077192 PubMed]
 
 
# '''EINSTEIN-PE:''' EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449293 PubMed]
 
# '''EINSTEIN-PE:''' EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449293 PubMed]
−
# '''J-ROCKET AF:''' Hori M, Matsumoto M, Tanahashi N, Momomura S, Uchiyama S, Goto S, Izumi T, Koretsune Y, Kajikawa M, Kato M, Ueda H, Iwamoto K, Tajiri M; J-ROCKET AF study investigators. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation – the J-ROCKET AF study –. Circ J. 2012;76(9):2104-11. Epub 2012 Jun 5. [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/76/9/76_CJ-12-0454/_article link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664783 PubMed]
 
 
# '''EINSTEIN CHOICE:''' Weitz JI, Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton TA, Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Freitas MCS, Holberg G, Kakkar AK, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap AF, Berkowitz SD, Verhamme P, Wells PS, Prandoni P; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or Aspirin for Extended Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 30;376(13):1211-1222. Epub 2017 Mar 18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1700518 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28316279 PubMed]
 
# '''EINSTEIN CHOICE:''' Weitz JI, Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton TA, Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Freitas MCS, Holberg G, Kakkar AK, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap AF, Berkowitz SD, Verhamme P, Wells PS, Prandoni P; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or Aspirin for Extended Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 30;376(13):1211-1222. Epub 2017 Mar 18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1700518 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28316279 PubMed]
 
==[[Tinzaparin (Innohep)]]==
 
==[[Tinzaparin (Innohep)]]==
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''Note: this agent has been withdrawn from the US market.''
 
''Note: this agent has been withdrawn from the US market.''
 +
===References===
 
# '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145251 PubMed]
 
# '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145251 PubMed]
−
# '''CATCH:''' Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs Warfarin for Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2428955 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284719 PubMed]
+
# '''CATCH:''' Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs warfarin for treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2428955 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284719 PubMed]
 
==[[Warfarin (Coumadin)]]==
 
==[[Warfarin (Coumadin)]]==
 +
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===References===
 
# '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145251 PubMed]
 
# '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145251 PubMed]
−
# '''RE-LY:''' Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1139-51. Epub 2009 Aug 30. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 4;363(19):1877. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0905561 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717844 PubMed]
 
 
# '''RE-COVER:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0906598 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966341 PubMed]
 
# '''RE-COVER:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0906598 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966341 PubMed]
 
# '''EINSTEIN-DVT:''' EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21128814 PubMed]
 
# '''EINSTEIN-DVT:''' EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21128814 PubMed]
−
# '''ROCKET AF:''' Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 8;365(10):883-91. Epub 2011 Aug 10. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1009638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21830957 PubMed]
 
−
# '''ARISTOTLE:''' Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):981-92. Epub 2011 Aug 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1107039 link to original article]  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870978 PubMed]
 
 
# '''EINSTEIN-PE:''' EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449293 PubMed]
 
# '''EINSTEIN-PE:''' EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449293 PubMed]
−
# '''J-ROCKET AF:''' Hori M, Matsumoto M, Tanahashi N, Momomura S, Uchiyama S, Goto S, Izumi T, Koretsune Y, Kajikawa M, Kato M, Ueda H, Iwamoto K, Tajiri M; J-ROCKET AF study investigators. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation – the J-ROCKET AF study –. Circ J. 2012;76(9):2104-11. Epub 2012 Jun 5. [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/76/9/76_CJ-12-0454/_article link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664783 PubMed]
 
 
# '''RE-MEDY:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113697 link to original article] [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425163 PubMed]
 
# '''RE-MEDY:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113697 link to original article] [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425163 PubMed]
 
# '''AMPLIFY:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1302507 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808982 PubMed]
 
# '''AMPLIFY:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1302507 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808982 PubMed]
Line 101: Line 219:
 
# '''HOKUSAI-VTE:''' Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1306638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991658 PubMed]
 
# '''HOKUSAI-VTE:''' Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1306638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991658 PubMed]
 
## '''Subset analysis:''' Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(16)30057-6/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476789 PubMed]
 
## '''Subset analysis:''' Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(16)30057-6/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476789 PubMed]
−
# '''ENGAGE AF-TIMI-48:''' Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Špinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 28;369(22):2093-104. Epub 2013 Nov 19. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1310907 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251359 PubMed]
 
 
# '''RE-COVER II:''' Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/7/764.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344086 PubMed]
 
# '''RE-COVER II:''' Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/7/764.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344086 PubMed]
−
# '''CATCH:''' Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs Warfarin for Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2428955 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284719 PubMed]
+
# '''CATCH:''' Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs warfarin for treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2428955 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284719 PubMed]
  
 
==Additional information==
 
==Additional information==

Revision as of 03:29, 16 November 2017

Use of this site is subject to you reading and agreeing with the terms set forth in the disclaimer.

Is there a regimen missing from this list? Would you like to share a different dosage/schedule or an additional reference for a regimen? Have you noticed an error? Do you have an idea that will help the site grow to better meet your needs and the needs of many others? You are invited to contribute to the site.

Other information on HemOnc.org regarding management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) include:

24 regimens on this page
30 variants on this page


Guidelines

ASCO

Current

Older

IMWG

Current

Older

Randomized cancer-related trials

  1. Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. link to original article PubMed
  2. CLOT: Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. link to original article PubMed
    1. Posthoc analysis: Lee AY, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Gent M, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Levine MN. Randomized comparison of low molecular weight heparin and coumarin derivatives on the survival of patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 1;23(10):2123-9. Epub 2005 Feb 7. link to original article PubMed
  3. LITE: Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. link to original article PubMed
  4. Larocca A, Cavallo F, Bringhen S, Di Raimondo F, Falanga A, Evangelista A, Cavalli M, Stanevsky A, Corradini P, Pezzatti S, Patriarca F, Cavo M, Peccatori J, Catalano L, Carella AM, Cafro AM, Siniscalchi A, Crippa C, Petrucci MT, Yehuda DB, Beggiato E, Di Toritto TC, Boccadoro M, Nagler A, Palumbo A. Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012 Jan 26;119(4):933-9. Epub 2011 Aug 11. link to original article PubMed

VTE primary prophylaxis

Aspirin

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Larocca et al. 2011 Phase III Enoxaparin Seems not superior

Therapy

References

  1. Larocca A, Cavallo F, Bringhen S, Di Raimondo F, Falanga A, Evangelista A, Cavalli M, Stanevsky A, Corradini P, Pezzatti S, Patriarca F, Cavo M, Peccatori J, Catalano L, Carella AM, Cafro AM, Siniscalchi A, Crippa C, Petrucci MT, Yehuda DB, Beggiato E, Di Toritto TC, Boccadoro M, Nagler A, Palumbo A. Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012 Jan 26;119(4):933-9. Epub 2011 Aug 11. link to original article PubMed

Betrixaban (Bevyxxa)

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Cohen et al. 2016 (APEX) Phase III Enoxaparin Might have lower rates of VTE

Therapy

References

  1. APEX: Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Wiens BL, Gold A, Hernandez AF, Gibson CM; APEX Investigators. Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44. Epub 2016 May 27. link to original article PubMed

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

back to top

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Larocca et al. 2011 Phase III Aspirin Seems not superior
Cohen et al. 2016 (APEX) Phase III Betrixaban Might have higher rates of VTE

Therapy

References

  1. Larocca A, Cavallo F, Bringhen S, Di Raimondo F, Falanga A, Evangelista A, Cavalli M, Stanevsky A, Corradini P, Pezzatti S, Patriarca F, Cavo M, Peccatori J, Catalano L, Carella AM, Cafro AM, Siniscalchi A, Crippa C, Petrucci MT, Yehuda DB, Beggiato E, Di Toritto TC, Boccadoro M, Nagler A, Palumbo A. Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood. 2012 Jan 26;119(4):933-9. Epub 2011 Aug 11. link to original article PubMed
  2. APEX: Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Wiens BL, Gold A, Hernandez AF, Gibson CM; APEX Investigators. Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44. Epub 2016 May 27. link to original article PubMed

VTE secondary prevention

This section will be transformed into HemOnc.org standard format soon.

Aspirin

back to top

References

  1. WARFASA: Becattini C, Agnelli G, Schenone A, Eichinger S, Bucherini E, Silingardi M, Bianchi M, Moia M, Ageno W, Vandelli MR, Grandone E, Prandoni P; WARFASA Investigators. Aspirin for preventing the recurrence of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 24;366(21):1959-67. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 18;367(16):1573. link to original article PubMed

Dalteparin (Fragmin)

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References

  1. CLOT: Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. link to original article PubMed

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

back to top

References

  1. Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. link to original article PubMed

Warfarin (Coumadin)

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References

  1. Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. link to original article PubMed
  2. PREVENT: Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Danielson E, Rosenberg Y, Eby CS, Deitcher SR, Cushman M, Moll S, Kessler CM, Elliott CG, Paulson R, Wong T, Bauer KA, Schwartz BA, Miletich JP, Bounameaux H, Glynn RJ; PREVENT Investigators. Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 10;348(15):1425-34. Epub 2003 Feb 24. link to original article PubMed
  3. CLOT: Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. link to original article PubMed

VTE treatment

This section will be transformed into HemOnc.org standard format soon.

Apixaban (Eliquis)

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References

  1. PLIFY-EXT: Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; PLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):699-708. Epub 2012 Dec 8. link to original article PubMed
  2. AMPLIFY: Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. link to original article PubMed

Argatroban (Acova)

Aspirin

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References

  1. EINSTEIN CHOICE: Weitz JI, Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton TA, Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Freitas MCS, Holberg G, Kakkar AK, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap AF, Berkowitz SD, Verhamme P, Wells PS, Prandoni P; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or aspirin for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 30;376(13):1211-1222. Epub 2017 Mar 18. link to original article PubMed

Bivalirudin (Angiomax)

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

back to top

References

  1. RE-COVER: Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. link to original article PubMed
  2. RE-MEDY: Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. link to original article [PubMed
  3. RE-ALIGN: Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, Granger CB, Kappetein AP, Mack MJ, Blatchford J, Devenny K, Friedman J, Guiver K, Harper R, Khder Y, Lobmeyer MT, Maas H, Voigt JU, Simoons ML, Van de Werf F; RE-ALIGN Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 26;369(13):1206-14. Epub 2013 Aug 31. link to original article PubMed
  4. RE-COVER II: Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. link to original article PubMed

Edoxaban (Savaysa)

back to top

References

  1. HOKUSAI-VTE: Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. link to original article PubMed
    1. Subset analysis: Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. link to original article PubMed

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

Heparin

Lepirudin (Refludan)

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

back to top

References

  1. EINSTEIN-DVT: EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. link to original article PubMed
  2. EINSTEIN-PE: EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. link to original article PubMed
  3. EINSTEIN CHOICE: Weitz JI, Lensing AWA, Prins MH, Bauersachs R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Bounameaux H, Brighton TA, Cohen AT, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Freitas MCS, Holberg G, Kakkar AK, Haskell L, van Bellen B, Pap AF, Berkowitz SD, Verhamme P, Wells PS, Prandoni P; EINSTEIN CHOICE Investigators. Rivaroxaban or Aspirin for Extended Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 30;376(13):1211-1222. Epub 2017 Mar 18. link to original article PubMed

Tinzaparin (Innohep)

back to top

Note: this agent has been withdrawn from the US market.

References

  1. LITE: Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. link to original article PubMed
  2. CATCH: Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs warfarin for treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. link to original article PubMed

Warfarin (Coumadin)

back to top

References

  1. LITE: Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. link to original article PubMed
  2. RE-COVER: Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. link to original article PubMed
  3. EINSTEIN-DVT: EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. link to original article PubMed
  4. EINSTEIN-PE: EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. link to original article PubMed
  5. RE-MEDY: Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. link to original article [PubMed
  6. AMPLIFY: Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. link to original article PubMed
  7. RE-ALIGN: Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, Granger CB, Kappetein AP, Mack MJ, Blatchford J, Devenny K, Friedman J, Guiver K, Harper R, Khder Y, Lobmeyer MT, Maas H, Voigt JU, Simoons ML, Van de Werf F; RE-ALIGN Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 26;369(13):1206-14. Epub 2013 Aug 31. link to original article PubMed
  8. HOKUSAI-VTE: Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. link to original article PubMed
    1. Subset analysis: Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. link to original article PubMed
  9. RE-COVER II: Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. link to original article PubMed
  10. CATCH: Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs warfarin for treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. link to original article PubMed

Additional information

  1. ↑ Circulation patient page about postthrombotic syndrome (PTS)
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