Difference between revisions of "B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia - historical"
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Farber S, Mercer RD, Sylvester RF, Wolff JA, Diamond LK. Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid. N Engl J Med. 1948 Jun 3;238(23):787-93. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM194806032382301 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Farber S, Mercer RD, Sylvester RF, Wolff JA, Diamond LK. Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid. N Engl J Med. 1948 Jun 3;238(23):787-93. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM194806032382301 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18860765 PubMed] |
==COMP {{#subobject:2ec876|Regimen=1}}== | ==COMP {{#subobject:2ec876|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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*[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | *[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Anderson JR, Wilson JF, Jenkin DT, Meadows AT, Kersey J, Chilcote RR, Coccia P, Exelby P, Kushner J, Siegel S, Hammond D. Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the results of a randomized therapeutic trial comparing a 4-drug regimen (COMP) with a 10-drug regimen (LSA2-L2). N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 10;308(10):559-65. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198303103081003 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Anderson JR, Wilson JF, Jenkin DT, Meadows AT, Kersey J, Chilcote RR, Coccia P, Exelby P, Kushner J, Siegel S, Hammond D. Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the results of a randomized therapeutic trial comparing a 4-drug regimen (COMP) with a 10-drug regimen (LSA2-L2). N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 10;308(10):559-65. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198303103081003 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6338381 PubMed] |
==Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone {{#subobject:6edd1f|Regimen=1}}== | ==Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone {{#subobject:6edd1f|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''JALSG-ALL93:''' Takeuchi J, Kyo T, Naito K, Sao H, Takahashi M, Miyawaki S, Kuriyama K, Ohtake S, Yagasaki F, Murakami H, Asou N, Ino T, Okamoto T, Usui N, Nishimura M, Shinagawa K, Fukushima T, Taguchi H, Morii T, Mizuta S, Akiyama H, Nakamura Y, Ohshima T, Ohno R. Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia. 2002 Jul;16(7):1259-66. [https://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v16/n7/full/2402526a.html link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''JALSG-ALL93:''' Takeuchi J, Kyo T, Naito K, Sao H, Takahashi M, Miyawaki S, Kuriyama K, Ohtake S, Yagasaki F, Murakami H, Asou N, Ino T, Okamoto T, Usui N, Nishimura M, Shinagawa K, Fukushima T, Taguchi H, Morii T, Mizuta S, Akiyama H, Nakamura Y, Ohshima T, Ohno R. Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia. 2002 Jul;16(7):1259-66. [https://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v16/n7/full/2402526a.html link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12094249 PubMed] |
==Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone {{#subobject:5a7eda|Regimen=1}}== | ==Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone {{#subobject:5a7eda|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''Interfant-99:''' Pieters R, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, Hann I, De Rossi G, Felice M, Hovi L, LeBlanc T, Szczepanski T, Ferster A, Janka G, Rubnitz J, Silverman L, Stary J, Campbell M, Li CK, Mann G, Suppiah R, Biondi A, Vora A, Valsecchi MG. A treatment protocol for infants younger than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Interfant-99): an observational study and a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):240-250. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS014067360761126X/fulltext link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''Interfant-99:''' Pieters R, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, Hann I, De Rossi G, Felice M, Hovi L, LeBlanc T, Szczepanski T, Ferster A, Janka G, Rubnitz J, Silverman L, Stary J, Campbell M, Li CK, Mann G, Suppiah R, Biondi A, Vora A, Valsecchi MG. A treatment protocol for infants younger than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Interfant-99): an observational study and a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):240-250. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS014067360761126X/fulltext link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17658395 PubMed] |
==Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:177f43|Regimen=1}}== | ==Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:177f43|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Rivera GK, Raimondi SC, Hancock ML, Behm FG, Pui CH, Abromowitch M, Mirro J Jr, Ochs JS, Look AT, Williams DL, Murphy SB, Dahl GV, Kalwinsky DK, Evans WE, Kun LE, Simone JV, Crist WM. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with reinforced early treatment and rotational combination chemotherapy. Lancet. 1991 Jan 12;337(8733):61-6. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PII0140-6736(91)90733-6/abstract link to original article] [https:// | + | # Rivera GK, Raimondi SC, Hancock ML, Behm FG, Pui CH, Abromowitch M, Mirro J Jr, Ochs JS, Look AT, Williams DL, Murphy SB, Dahl GV, Kalwinsky DK, Evans WE, Kun LE, Simone JV, Crist WM. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with reinforced early treatment and rotational combination chemotherapy. Lancet. 1991 Jan 12;337(8733):61-6. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PII0140-6736(91)90733-6/abstract link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1670723 PubMed] |
− | # Evans WE, Relling MV, Rodman JH, Crom WR, Boyett JM, Pui CH. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 19;338(8):499-505. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199802193380803 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Evans WE, Relling MV, Rodman JH, Crom WR, Boyett JM, Pui CH. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 19;338(8):499-505. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199802193380803 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9468466 PubMed] |
==Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:96590c|Regimen=1}}== | ==Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:96590c|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Clavell LA, Gelber RD, Cohen HJ, Hitchcock-Bryan S, Cassady JR, Tarbell NJ, Blattner SR, Tantravahi R, Leavitt P, Sallan SE. Four-agent induction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1986 Sep 11;315(11):657-63. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198609113151101 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Clavell LA, Gelber RD, Cohen HJ, Hitchcock-Bryan S, Cassady JR, Tarbell NJ, Blattner SR, Tantravahi R, Leavitt P, Sallan SE. Four-agent induction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1986 Sep 11;315(11):657-63. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198609113151101 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2943992 PubMed] |
==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone {{#subobject:54ea09|Regimen=1}}== | ==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone {{#subobject:54ea09|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''DCOG ALL-VI:''' Veerman AJ, Hählen K, Kamps WA, Van Leeuwen EF, De Vaan GA, Solbu G, Suciu S, Van Wering ER, Van der Does-Van der Berg A. High cure rate with a moderately intensive treatment regimen in non-high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of protocol ALL VI from the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Mar;14(3):911-8. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.3.911 link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''DCOG ALL-VI:''' Veerman AJ, Hählen K, Kamps WA, Van Leeuwen EF, De Vaan GA, Solbu G, Suciu S, Van Wering ER, Van der Does-Van der Berg A. High cure rate with a moderately intensive treatment regimen in non-high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of protocol ALL VI from the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Mar;14(3):911-8. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.3.911 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8622039 PubMed] |
− | # '''CCG-1922:''' Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''CCG-1922:''' Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12531809 PubMed] |
− | # '''UK MRC ALL97:''' Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''UK MRC ALL97:''' Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15952999 PubMed] |
− | ## '''Update:''' Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606695585/fulltext link to original article] [https:// | + | ## '''Update:''' Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606695585/fulltext link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17046466 PubMed] |
− | # '''DCOG ALL-9:''' Veerman AJ, Kamps WA, van den Berg H, van den Berg E, Bökkerink JP, Bruin MC, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Korbijn CM, Korthof ET, van der Pal K, Stijnen T, van Weel Sipman MH, van Weerden JF, van Wering ER, van der Does-van den Berg A; Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. Dexamethasone-based therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the prospective Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG) protocol ALL-9 (1997-2004). Lancet Oncol. 2009 Oct;10(10):957-66. Epub 2009 Sep 9. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470204509702281 link to SD article] [https:// | + | # '''DCOG ALL-9:''' Veerman AJ, Kamps WA, van den Berg H, van den Berg E, Bökkerink JP, Bruin MC, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Korbijn CM, Korthof ET, van der Pal K, Stijnen T, van Weel Sipman MH, van Weerden JF, van Wering ER, van der Does-van den Berg A; Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. Dexamethasone-based therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the prospective Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG) protocol ALL-9 (1997-2004). Lancet Oncol. 2009 Oct;10(10):957-66. Epub 2009 Sep 9. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470204509702281 link to SD article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19747876 PubMed] |
==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone {{#subobject:65692a|Regimen=1}}== | ==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone {{#subobject:65692a|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''MRC UKALL XI:''' Hann I, Vora A, Richards S, Hill F, Gibson B, Lilleyman J, Kinsey S, Mitchell C, Eden OB; UK Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Benefit of intensified treatment for all children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from MRC UKALL XI and MRC ALL97 randomised trials. Leukemia. 2000 Mar;14(3):356-63. [https://www.nature.com/articles/2401704 link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''MRC UKALL XI:''' Hann I, Vora A, Richards S, Hill F, Gibson B, Lilleyman J, Kinsey S, Mitchell C, Eden OB; UK Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Benefit of intensified treatment for all children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from MRC UKALL XI and MRC ALL97 randomised trials. Leukemia. 2000 Mar;14(3):356-63. [https://www.nature.com/articles/2401704 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10720126 PubMed] |
− | # '''UK MRC ALL97:''' Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''UK MRC ALL97:''' Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15952999 PubMed] |
− | ## '''Update:''' Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606695585/fulltext link to original article] [https:// | + | ## '''Update:''' Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606695585/fulltext link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17046466 PubMed] |
==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:d039d8|Regimen=1}}== | ==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:d039d8|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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|style="background-color:#d73027"|Inferior CR rate | |style="background-color:#d73027"|Inferior CR rate | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[https:// | + | |[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2665546 van der Does-van den Berg et al. 1989 (DCLSG ALL V)] |
|{{#subobject:xx|ToDo=1}} | |{{#subobject:xx|ToDo=1}} | ||
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''CCG 101/143:''' Ortega JA, Nesbit ME Jr, Donaldson MH, Hittle RE, Weiner J, Karon M, Hammond D. L-Asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone for induction of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res. 1977 Feb;37(2):535-40. [https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/37/2/535.long link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''CCG 101/143:''' Ortega JA, Nesbit ME Jr, Donaldson MH, Hittle RE, Weiner J, Karon M, Hammond D. L-Asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone for induction of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res. 1977 Feb;37(2):535-40. [https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/37/2/535.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/264412 PubMed] |
− | # '''CALGB 7113:''' Henderson ES, Scharlau C, Cooper MR, Haurani FI, Silver RT, Brunner K, Carey RW, Falkson G, Blom J, Nawabi IV, Levine AS, Bank A, Cuttner J, Cornwell GG 3rd, Henry P, Nissen NI, Wiernik PH, Leone L, Wohl H, Rai K, James GW, Weinberg V, Glidewell O, Holland JF. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: results of CALGB protocol 7113. Leuk Res. 1979;3(6):395-407. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0145212679900365 link to SD article] [https:// | + | # '''CALGB 7113:''' Henderson ES, Scharlau C, Cooper MR, Haurani FI, Silver RT, Brunner K, Carey RW, Falkson G, Blom J, Nawabi IV, Levine AS, Bank A, Cuttner J, Cornwell GG 3rd, Henry P, Nissen NI, Wiernik PH, Leone L, Wohl H, Rai K, James GW, Weinberg V, Glidewell O, Holland JF. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: results of CALGB protocol 7113. Leuk Res. 1979;3(6):395-407. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0145212679900365 link to SD article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/297176 PubMed] |
− | # '''CALGB 7612:''' Gottlieb AJ, Weinberg V, Ellison RR, Henderson ES, Terebelo H, Rafla S, Cuttner J, Silver RT, Carey RW, Levy RN, Hutchinson JL, Raich P, Cooper MR, Wiernik P, Anderson JR, Holland JF. Efficacy of daunorubicin in the therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized trial by Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Blood. 1984 Jul;64(1):267-74. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/64/1/267.long link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''CALGB 7612:''' Gottlieb AJ, Weinberg V, Ellison RR, Henderson ES, Terebelo H, Rafla S, Cuttner J, Silver RT, Carey RW, Levy RN, Hutchinson JL, Raich P, Cooper MR, Wiernik P, Anderson JR, Holland JF. Efficacy of daunorubicin in the therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized trial by Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Blood. 1984 Jul;64(1):267-74. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/64/1/267.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6375760 PubMed] |
− | # '''DCLSG ALL V:''' van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, van 't Veer MB, Rammeloo JA, de Koning J, van Zanen GE. Effectiveness of rubidomycin in induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase for standard risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Dutch phase III study (ALL V); A report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1989 Summer;11(2):125-33. [https:// | + | # '''DCLSG ALL V:''' van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, van 't Veer MB, Rammeloo JA, de Koning J, van Zanen GE. Effectiveness of rubidomycin in induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase for standard risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Dutch phase III study (ALL V); A report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1989 Summer;11(2):125-33. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2665546 PubMed] |
− | # '''MRC UKALL VIII:''' Eden OB, Lilleyman JS, Richards S, Shaw MP, Peto J. Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood). Br J Haematol. 1991 Jun;78(2):187-96. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04415.x link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''MRC UKALL VIII:''' Eden OB, Lilleyman JS, Richards S, Shaw MP, Peto J. Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood). Br J Haematol. 1991 Jun;78(2):187-96. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04415.x link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2064956 PubMed] |
− | # '''CCG-105:''' Tubergen DG, Gilchrist GS, O'Brien RT, Coccia PF, Sather HN, Waskerwitz MJ, Hammond GD. Improved outcome with delayed intensification for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and intermediate presenting features: a Childrens Cancer Group phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Mar;11(3):527-37. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.3.527 link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''CCG-105:''' Tubergen DG, Gilchrist GS, O'Brien RT, Coccia PF, Sather HN, Waskerwitz MJ, Hammond GD. Improved outcome with delayed intensification for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and intermediate presenting features: a Childrens Cancer Group phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Mar;11(3):527-37. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.3.527 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8445428 PubMed] |
− | # '''CCG-1922:''' Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''CCG-1922:''' Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12531809 PubMed] |
==Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate {{#subobject:6366a6|Regimen=1}}== | ==Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate {{#subobject:6366a6|Regimen=1}}== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''ALGB 01:''' Frei E 3rd, Holland JF, Schneiderman MA, Pinkel D, Selkirk G, Freireich EJ, Silver RT, Gold GL, Regelson W. A comparative study of two regimens of combination chemotherapy in acute leukemia. Blood. 1958 Dec;13(12):1126-48. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/13/12/1126.long link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''ALGB 01:''' Frei E 3rd, Holland JF, Schneiderman MA, Pinkel D, Selkirk G, Freireich EJ, Silver RT, Gold GL, Regelson W. A comparative study of two regimens of combination chemotherapy in acute leukemia. Blood. 1958 Dec;13(12):1126-48. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/13/12/1126.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13596417 PubMed] |
# '''ALGB 03:''' Frei E, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, Pinkel D, Holland JF, Selawry O, Haurani F, Spurr CL, Hayes DM, James GW, Rothberg H, Sodee DB, Rundles RW, Schroeder LR, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Traggis DG, Cooper T, Gendel BR, Ebaugh F, Taylor R. Studies of Sequential and Combination Antimetabolite Therapy in Acute Leukemia: 6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate. Blood. 1961;18(4):431-454. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/18/4/431.short link to original article] | # '''ALGB 03:''' Frei E, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, Pinkel D, Holland JF, Selawry O, Haurani F, Spurr CL, Hayes DM, James GW, Rothberg H, Sodee DB, Rundles RW, Schroeder LR, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Traggis DG, Cooper T, Gendel BR, Ebaugh F, Taylor R. Studies of Sequential and Combination Antimetabolite Therapy in Acute Leukemia: 6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate. Blood. 1961;18(4):431-454. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/18/4/431.short link to original article] | ||
− | # Frei E 3rd, Karon M, Levin RH, Freireich EJ, Taylor RJ, Hananian J, Selawry O, Holland JF, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Abir E, Sawitsky A, Lee S, Mills SD, Burgert EO Jr, Spurr CL, Patterson RB, Ebaugh FG, James GW 3rd, Moon JH. The effectiveness of combinations of antileukemic agents in inducing and maintaining remission in children with acute leukemia. Blood. 1965 Nov;26(5):642-56. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/26/5/642.long link to original article] [https:// | + | # Frei E 3rd, Karon M, Levin RH, Freireich EJ, Taylor RJ, Hananian J, Selawry O, Holland JF, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Abir E, Sawitsky A, Lee S, Mills SD, Burgert EO Jr, Spurr CL, Patterson RB, Ebaugh FG, James GW 3rd, Moon JH. The effectiveness of combinations of antileukemic agents in inducing and maintaining remission in children with acute leukemia. Blood. 1965 Nov;26(5):642-56. [http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/26/5/642.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5321112 PubMed] |
==Mercaptopurine & Prednisone {{#subobject:f609f5|Regimen=1}}== | ==Mercaptopurine & Prednisone {{#subobject:f609f5|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 378: | Line 378: | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Fernbach DJ, Griffith KM, Haggard ME, Holcomb TM, Sutow WW, Vietti TJ, Windmiller J. Chemotherapy of acute leukemia in childhood: comparison of cyclophosphamide and mercaptopurine. N Engl J Med. 1966 Sep 1;275(9):451-6. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196609012750901 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Fernbach DJ, Griffith KM, Haggard ME, Holcomb TM, Sutow WW, Vietti TJ, Windmiller J. Chemotherapy of acute leukemia in childhood: comparison of cyclophosphamide and mercaptopurine. N Engl J Med. 1966 Sep 1;275(9):451-6. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196609012750901 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5917939 PubMed] |
==Prednisolone monotherapy {{#subobject:5d40b1|Regimen=1}}== | ==Prednisolone monotherapy {{#subobject:5d40b1|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 397: | Line 397: | ||
*[[Prednisolone (Millipred)]] | *[[Prednisolone (Millipred)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Shanbrom E, Miller S. Critical evaluation of massive steroid therapy of acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1962 Jun 28;266:1354-8. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196206282662603 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Shanbrom E, Miller S. Critical evaluation of massive steroid therapy of acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1962 Jun 28;266:1354-8. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196206282662603 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13911203 PubMed] |
==Prednisone monotherapy {{#subobject:5eeb7e|Regimen=1}}== | ==Prednisone monotherapy {{#subobject:5eeb7e|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 416: | Line 416: | ||
*[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | *[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Granville NB, Rubio F Jr, Unugur A, Schulman E, Dameshek W. Treatment of acute leukemia in adults with massive doses of prednisone and prednisolone. N Engl J Med. 1958 Jul 31;259(5):207-13. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM195807312590502 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Granville NB, Rubio F Jr, Unugur A, Schulman E, Dameshek W. Treatment of acute leukemia in adults with massive doses of prednisone and prednisolone. N Engl J Med. 1958 Jul 31;259(5):207-13. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM195807312590502 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13566450 PubMed] |
=Consolidation after upfront therapy= | =Consolidation after upfront therapy= | ||
Line 445: | Line 445: | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Evans WE, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, Dodge R, Look AT, Bowman WP, George SL, Pui CH. Clinical pharmacodynamics of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia: identification of a relation between concentration and effect. N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):471-7. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198602203140803 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Evans WE, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, Dodge R, Look AT, Bowman WP, George SL, Pui CH. Clinical pharmacodynamics of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia: identification of a relation between concentration and effect. N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):471-7. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198602203140803 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3456079 PubMed] |
=Late intensification= | =Late intensification= | ||
Line 470: | Line 470: | ||
*[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | *[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Bodey GP, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, McCredie KB, Rodriguez V, Gutterman J, Burgess MA. Late intensification therapy for acute leukemia in remission: chemotherapy and immunotherapy. JAMA. 1976 Mar 8;235(10):1021-5. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/344212 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Bodey GP, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, McCredie KB, Rodriguez V, Gutterman J, Burgess MA. Late intensification therapy for acute leukemia in remission: chemotherapy and immunotherapy. JAMA. 1976 Mar 8;235(10):1021-5. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/344212 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/946184 PubMed] |
=Maintenance after upfront therapy= | =Maintenance after upfront therapy= | ||
Line 502: | Line 502: | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''ALGB 6313:''' Selawry OS, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. New treatment schedule with improved survival in childhood leukemia: intermittent parenteral vs daily oral administration of methotrexate for maintenance of induced remission. JAMA. 1965 Oct 4;194(1):75-81. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/656675 link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''ALGB 6313:''' Selawry OS, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. New treatment schedule with improved survival in childhood leukemia: intermittent parenteral vs daily oral administration of methotrexate for maintenance of induced remission. JAMA. 1965 Oct 4;194(1):75-81. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/656675 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5896942 PubMed] |
− | # '''ALGB 6311:''' Burgert EO, Valvo F, Petzold G, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: maintenance therapy with methotrexat administered intermittently. JAMA. 1969 Feb 3;207(5):923-8. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/343520 link to original article] [https:// | + | # '''ALGB 6311:''' Burgert EO, Valvo F, Petzold G, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: maintenance therapy with methotrexat administered intermittently. JAMA. 1969 Feb 3;207(5):923-8. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/343520 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4303512 PubMed] |
=Relapsed or refractory= | =Relapsed or refractory= | ||
Line 523: | Line 523: | ||
*[[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)]] | *[[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Mathé G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Schneider M, Cattan A, Schlumberger JR, Hayat M, De Vassal F. Active immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 1969 Apr 5;1(7597):697-9. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673669926488 link to SD article] [https:// | + | # Mathé G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Schneider M, Cattan A, Schlumberger JR, Hayat M, De Vassal F. Active immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 1969 Apr 5;1(7597):697-9. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673669926488 link to SD article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4182654 PubMed] |
==Cyclophosphamide monotherapy {{#subobject:cd166d|Regimen=1}}== | ==Cyclophosphamide monotherapy {{#subobject:cd166d|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 542: | Line 542: | ||
*[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Fernbach DJ, Sutow WW, Thurman WG, Vietti TJ. Clinical evaluation of cyclophosphamide: a new agent for the treatment of children with acute leukemia. JAMA. 1962 Oct 6;182:30-7. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/331608 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Fernbach DJ, Sutow WW, Thurman WG, Vietti TJ. Clinical evaluation of cyclophosphamide: a new agent for the treatment of children with acute leukemia. JAMA. 1962 Oct 6;182:30-7. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/331608 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13892445 PubMed] |
==Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:8804f2|Regimen=1}}== | ==Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:8804f2|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 569: | Line 569: | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Rivera GK, Buchanan G, Boyett JM, Camitta B, Ochs J, Kalwinsky D, Amylon M, Vietti TJ, Crist WM. Intensive retreatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jul 31;315(5):273-8. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198607313150501 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Rivera GK, Buchanan G, Boyett JM, Camitta B, Ochs J, Kalwinsky D, Amylon M, Vietti TJ, Crist WM. Intensive retreatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jul 31;315(5):273-8. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198607313150501 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3523250 PubMed] |
==Daunorubicin & Prednisone {{#subobject:aa10e0|Regimen=1}}== | ==Daunorubicin & Prednisone {{#subobject:aa10e0|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 589: | Line 589: | ||
*[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | *[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Holton CP, Vietti TJ, Nora AH, Donaldson MH, Stuckey WJ Jr, Watkins WL, Lane DM. Clinical study of daunomycin and prednisone for induction of remission in children with advanced leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jan 23;280(4):171-4. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196901232800401 link to original article] [https:// | + | # Holton CP, Vietti TJ, Nora AH, Donaldson MH, Stuckey WJ Jr, Watkins WL, Lane DM. Clinical study of daunomycin and prednisone for induction of remission in children with advanced leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jan 23;280(4):171-4. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196901232800401 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5248383 PubMed] |
==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:87ybf2|Regimen=1}}== | ==L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:87ybf2|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 603: | Line 603: | ||
!style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]] | !style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |[https:// | + | |[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6945911 Anderson et al. 1981] |
| style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase III (C) | | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase III (C) | ||
|L-Asparaginase, Vindesine, Prednisone | |L-Asparaginase, Vindesine, Prednisone | ||
Line 615: | Line 615: | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Anderson J, Krivit W, Chilcote R, Pyesmany A, Chard R, Hammond D. Comparison of the therapeutic response of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse to vindesine versus vincristine in combination with prednisone and L-asparaginase: a phase III trial. Cancer Treat Rep. 1981 Nov-Dec;65(11-12):1015-9. [https:// | + | # Anderson J, Krivit W, Chilcote R, Pyesmany A, Chard R, Hammond D. Comparison of the therapeutic response of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse to vindesine versus vincristine in combination with prednisone and L-asparaginase: a phase III trial. Cancer Treat Rep. 1981 Nov-Dec;65(11-12):1015-9. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6945911 PubMed] |
==Pentostatin monotherapy {{#subobject:aa19e0|Regimen=1}}== | ==Pentostatin monotherapy {{#subobject:aa19e0|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 634: | Line 634: | ||
*[[Pentostatin (Nipent)]] | *[[Pentostatin (Nipent)]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Prentice HG, Russell NH, Lee N, Ganeshaguru K, Blacklock H, Piga A, Smyth JF, Hoffbrand AV. Therapeutic selectivity of and predication of response to 2'-deoxycoformycin in acute leukaemia. Lancet. 1981 Dec 5;2(8258):1250-4. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(81)91491-4/fulltext link to original article] [https:// | + | # Prentice HG, Russell NH, Lee N, Ganeshaguru K, Blacklock H, Piga A, Smyth JF, Hoffbrand AV. Therapeutic selectivity of and predication of response to 2'-deoxycoformycin in acute leukaemia. Lancet. 1981 Dec 5;2(8258):1250-4. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(81)91491-4/fulltext link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6118669 PubMed] |
==TBI, then auto HSCT {{#subobject:1a2735|Regimen=1}}== | ==TBI, then auto HSCT {{#subobject:1a2735|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 655: | Line 655: | ||
*[[External_beam_radiotherapy|Total body irradiation]] | *[[External_beam_radiotherapy|Total body irradiation]] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # McGovern JJ Jr, Russell PS, Atkins L, Webster EW. Treatment of terminal leukemic relapse by total-body irradiation and intravenous infusion of stored autologous bone marrow obtained during remission. N Engl J Med. 1959 Apr 2;260(14):675-83. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM195904022601401 link to original article] [https:// | + | # McGovern JJ Jr, Russell PS, Atkins L, Webster EW. Treatment of terminal leukemic relapse by total-body irradiation and intravenous infusion of stored autologous bone marrow obtained during remission. N Engl J Med. 1959 Apr 2;260(14):675-83. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM195904022601401 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13644566 PubMed] |
[[Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens]] | [[Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens]] |
Revision as of 02:12, 25 February 2020
The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. As a general rule, this includes the inferior arm(s) of a randomized study, unless said regimens continue to be recommended by trustworthy sources such as the NCCN Guidelines. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the main B-ALL page for current regimens.
11 regimens on this page
13 variants on this page
|
Upfront induction therapy
Aminopterin monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Farber et al. 1948 | Non-randomized pilot |
Of major historical interest, being one of the first published cancer chemotherapy experiments in man that led to an active non-clinical-trial intervention (to be distinguished from the trial of diopterin and teropterin published in Science in 1947). This agent is no longer available but was used clinically for several decades.
Chemotherapy
References
- Farber S, Mercer RD, Sylvester RF, Wolff JA, Diamond LK. Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid. N Engl J Med. 1948 Jun 3;238(23):787-93. link to original article PubMed
COMP
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COMP: Cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (Vincristine), Methotrexate, Prednisone
Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Anderson et al. 1983 | Phase III (E-de-esc) | Modified LSA2-L2 | Seems not superior |
Chemotherapy
References
- Anderson JR, Wilson JF, Jenkin DT, Meadows AT, Kersey J, Chilcote RR, Coccia P, Exelby P, Kushner J, Siegel S, Hammond D. Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the results of a randomized therapeutic trial comparing a 4-drug regimen (COMP) with a 10-drug regimen (LSA2-L2). N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 10;308(10):559-65. link to original article PubMed
Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Takeuchi et al. 2002 (JALSG-ALL93) | Non-randomized |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- L-Asparaginase
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Prednisolone (Millipred)
References
- JALSG-ALL93: Takeuchi J, Kyo T, Naito K, Sao H, Takahashi M, Miyawaki S, Kuriyama K, Ohtake S, Yagasaki F, Murakami H, Asou N, Ino T, Okamoto T, Usui N, Nishimura M, Shinagawa K, Fukushima T, Taguchi H, Morii T, Mizuta S, Akiyama H, Nakamura Y, Ohshima T, Ohno R. Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia. 2002 Jul;16(7):1259-66. link to original article PubMed
Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Pieters et al. 2007 (Interfant-99) | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Preceding treatment
- Prednisone pre-phase
Chemotherapy
- Cytarabine (Ara-C)
- Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
- Asparaginase (Elspar)
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Subsequent treatment
- MARAM consolidation
References
- Interfant-99: Pieters R, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, Hann I, De Rossi G, Felice M, Hovi L, LeBlanc T, Szczepanski T, Ferster A, Janka G, Rubnitz J, Silverman L, Stary J, Campbell M, Li CK, Mann G, Suppiah R, Biondi A, Vora A, Valsecchi MG. A treatment protocol for infants younger than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Interfant-99): an observational study and a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):240-250. link to original article PubMed
Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Rivera et al. 1991 | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Evans et al. 1998 | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Chemotherapy
- Cytarabine (Ara-C)
- Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
- Asparaginase (Elspar)
- Teniposide (Vumon)
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Prednisone (Sterapred)
Subsequent treatment
- High-dose MTX
References
- Rivera GK, Raimondi SC, Hancock ML, Behm FG, Pui CH, Abromowitch M, Mirro J Jr, Ochs JS, Look AT, Williams DL, Murphy SB, Dahl GV, Kalwinsky DK, Evans WE, Kun LE, Simone JV, Crist WM. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with reinforced early treatment and rotational combination chemotherapy. Lancet. 1991 Jan 12;337(8733):61-6. link to original article PubMed
- Evans WE, Relling MV, Rodman JH, Crom WR, Boyett JM, Pui CH. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 19;338(8):499-505. link to original article PubMed
Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Clavell et al. 1986 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Clavell LA, Gelber RD, Cohen HJ, Hitchcock-Bryan S, Cassady JR, Tarbell NJ, Blattner SR, Tantravahi R, Leavitt P, Sallan SE. Four-agent induction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1986 Sep 11;315(11):657-63. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Veerman et al. 1996 (DCOG ALL-VI) | Non-randomized | ||
Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922) | Phase III (E-switch-ic) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone | Superior EFS |
Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97) | Phase III (E-switch-ic) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone | Superior EFS |
Veerman et al. 2009 (DCOG ALL-9) | Non-randomized |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- DCOG ALL-VI: Veerman AJ, Hählen K, Kamps WA, Van Leeuwen EF, De Vaan GA, Solbu G, Suciu S, Van Wering ER, Van der Does-Van der Berg A. High cure rate with a moderately intensive treatment regimen in non-high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of protocol ALL VI from the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Mar;14(3):911-8. link to original article PubMed
- CCG-1922: Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. link to original article PubMed
- UK MRC ALL97: Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. link to original article PubMed
- Update: Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. link to original article PubMed
- DCOG ALL-9: Veerman AJ, Kamps WA, van den Berg H, van den Berg E, Bökkerink JP, Bruin MC, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Korbijn CM, Korthof ET, van der Pal K, Stijnen T, van Weel Sipman MH, van Weerden JF, van Wering ER, van der Does-van den Berg A; Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. Dexamethasone-based therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the prospective Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG) protocol ALL-9 (1997-2004). Lancet Oncol. 2009 Oct;10(10):957-66. Epub 2009 Sep 9. link to SD article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Hann et al. 2000 (MRC UKALL XI) | Non-randomized portion of RCT | ||
Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97) | Phase III (C) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone | Inferior EFS |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- MRC UKALL XI: Hann I, Vora A, Richards S, Hill F, Gibson B, Lilleyman J, Kinsey S, Mitchell C, Eden OB; UK Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Benefit of intensified treatment for all children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from MRC UKALL XI and MRC ALL97 randomised trials. Leukemia. 2000 Mar;14(3):356-63. link to original article PubMed
- UK MRC ALL97: Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. link to original article PubMed
- Update: Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ortega et al. 1977 (CCG 101/143) | 1971-NR | Non-randomized (RT) | ||
Henderson et al. 1979 (CALGB 7113) | Non-randomized | |||
Gottlieb et al. 1984 (CALGB 7612) | Randomized (C) | DOLP | Inferior CR rate | |
van der Does-van den Berg et al. 1989 (DCLSG ALL V) | Phase III (C) | DOLP | Seems not superior | |
Eden et al. 1991 (MRC UKALL VIII) | Phase III (C) | DOLP | Seems not superior | |
Tubergen et al. 1993 (CCG-105) | Phase III (C) | DOLP | Not reported | |
Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922) | Phase III (C) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone | Inferior EFS |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- CCG 101/143: Ortega JA, Nesbit ME Jr, Donaldson MH, Hittle RE, Weiner J, Karon M, Hammond D. L-Asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone for induction of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res. 1977 Feb;37(2):535-40. link to original article PubMed
- CALGB 7113: Henderson ES, Scharlau C, Cooper MR, Haurani FI, Silver RT, Brunner K, Carey RW, Falkson G, Blom J, Nawabi IV, Levine AS, Bank A, Cuttner J, Cornwell GG 3rd, Henry P, Nissen NI, Wiernik PH, Leone L, Wohl H, Rai K, James GW, Weinberg V, Glidewell O, Holland JF. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: results of CALGB protocol 7113. Leuk Res. 1979;3(6):395-407. link to SD article PubMed
- CALGB 7612: Gottlieb AJ, Weinberg V, Ellison RR, Henderson ES, Terebelo H, Rafla S, Cuttner J, Silver RT, Carey RW, Levy RN, Hutchinson JL, Raich P, Cooper MR, Wiernik P, Anderson JR, Holland JF. Efficacy of daunorubicin in the therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized trial by Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Blood. 1984 Jul;64(1):267-74. link to original article PubMed
- DCLSG ALL V: van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, van 't Veer MB, Rammeloo JA, de Koning J, van Zanen GE. Effectiveness of rubidomycin in induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase for standard risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Dutch phase III study (ALL V); A report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1989 Summer;11(2):125-33. PubMed
- MRC UKALL VIII: Eden OB, Lilleyman JS, Richards S, Shaw MP, Peto J. Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood). Br J Haematol. 1991 Jun;78(2):187-96. link to original article PubMed
- CCG-105: Tubergen DG, Gilchrist GS, O'Brien RT, Coccia PF, Sather HN, Waskerwitz MJ, Hammond GD. Improved outcome with delayed intensification for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and intermediate presenting features: a Childrens Cancer Group phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Mar;11(3):527-37. link to original article PubMed
- CCG-1922: Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. link to original article PubMed
Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Frei et al. 1958 (ALGB 01) | Randomized (E-switch-ic) | 6-MP & MTX; alternate dosing | Seems not superior |
Frei et al. 1961 (ALGB 03) | Randomized (E-esc) | 1. 6-MP 2. MTX |
Seems not superior |
Frei et al. 1965 | Non-randomized |
Note: this is one of the first combination regimens in hematology/oncology.
Chemotherapy
References
- ALGB 01: Frei E 3rd, Holland JF, Schneiderman MA, Pinkel D, Selkirk G, Freireich EJ, Silver RT, Gold GL, Regelson W. A comparative study of two regimens of combination chemotherapy in acute leukemia. Blood. 1958 Dec;13(12):1126-48. link to original article PubMed
- ALGB 03: Frei E, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, Pinkel D, Holland JF, Selawry O, Haurani F, Spurr CL, Hayes DM, James GW, Rothberg H, Sodee DB, Rundles RW, Schroeder LR, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Traggis DG, Cooper T, Gendel BR, Ebaugh F, Taylor R. Studies of Sequential and Combination Antimetabolite Therapy in Acute Leukemia: 6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate. Blood. 1961;18(4):431-454. link to original article
- Frei E 3rd, Karon M, Levin RH, Freireich EJ, Taylor RJ, Hananian J, Selawry O, Holland JF, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Abir E, Sawitsky A, Lee S, Mills SD, Burgert EO Jr, Spurr CL, Patterson RB, Ebaugh FG, James GW 3rd, Moon JH. The effectiveness of combinations of antileukemic agents in inducing and maintaining remission in children with acute leukemia. Blood. 1965 Nov;26(5):642-56. link to original article PubMed
Mercaptopurine & Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Fernbach et al. 1966 | Randomized (C) | Cyclophosphamide & Prednisone | Seems not superior |
Chemotherapy
References
- Fernbach DJ, Griffith KM, Haggard ME, Holcomb TM, Sutow WW, Vietti TJ, Windmiller J. Chemotherapy of acute leukemia in childhood: comparison of cyclophosphamide and mercaptopurine. N Engl J Med. 1966 Sep 1;275(9):451-6. link to original article PubMed
Prednisolone monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Shanbrom & Miller 1962 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Shanbrom E, Miller S. Critical evaluation of massive steroid therapy of acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1962 Jun 28;266:1354-8. link to original article PubMed
Prednisone monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Granville et al. 1958 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Granville NB, Rubio F Jr, Unugur A, Schulman E, Dameshek W. Treatment of acute leukemia in adults with massive doses of prednisone and prednisolone. N Engl J Med. 1958 Jul 31;259(5):207-13. link to original article PubMed
Consolidation after upfront therapy
Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Evans et al. 1986 | Randomized (E-switch-ooc) | WBRT, then 6-MP & MTX (conventional dosing) | Not reported |
Note: although this is a randomized trial, the report focuses on this arm, which includes HD-MTX, and not the comparison.
Preceding treatment
Chemotherapy
References
- Evans WE, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, Dodge R, Look AT, Bowman WP, George SL, Pui CH. Clinical pharmacodynamics of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia: identification of a relation between concentration and effect. N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):471-7. link to original article PubMed
Late intensification
POMP
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POMP: Purinethol (Mercaptopurine), Oncovin (Vincristine), Methotrexate, Prednisone
Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Bodey et al. 1976 | Non-randomized, <20 pts |
Note: POMP is still used in maintenance settings; this is marked historic because it is late intensification.
Chemotherapy
References
- Bodey GP, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, McCredie KB, Rodriguez V, Gutterman J, Burgess MA. Late intensification therapy for acute leukemia in remission: chemotherapy and immunotherapy. JAMA. 1976 Mar 8;235(10):1021-5. link to original article PubMed
Maintenance after upfront therapy
Methotrexate monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Selawry & Holland 1965 (ALGB 6313) | Randomized (E-switch-ic) | MTX; oral | Superior RFS |
Burgert et al. 1969 (ALGB 6311) | Randomized (E-switch-ic) | MTX; oral | Seems not superior |
Preceding treatment
- Vincristine & Prednisone induction
Chemotherapy
- Methotrexate (MTX) IV or IM
References
- ALGB 6313: Selawry OS, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. New treatment schedule with improved survival in childhood leukemia: intermittent parenteral vs daily oral administration of methotrexate for maintenance of induced remission. JAMA. 1965 Oct 4;194(1):75-81. link to original article PubMed
- ALGB 6311: Burgert EO, Valvo F, Petzold G, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: maintenance therapy with methotrexat administered intermittently. JAMA. 1969 Feb 3;207(5):923-8. link to original article PubMed
Relapsed or refractory
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Mathé et al. 1969 | Non-randomized |
Immunotherapy
References
- Mathé G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Schneider M, Cattan A, Schlumberger JR, Hayat M, De Vassal F. Active immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 1969 Apr 5;1(7597):697-9. link to SD article PubMed
Cyclophosphamide monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Fernbach et al. 1962 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Fernbach DJ, Sutow WW, Thurman WG, Vietti TJ. Clinical evaluation of cyclophosphamide: a new agent for the treatment of children with acute leukemia. JAMA. 1962 Oct 6;182:30-7. link to original article PubMed
Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Rivera et al. 1986 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
4-week course
Subsequent treatment
- See paper for details of treatment beyond induction
References
- Rivera GK, Buchanan G, Boyett JM, Camitta B, Ochs J, Kalwinsky D, Amylon M, Vietti TJ, Crist WM. Intensive retreatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jul 31;315(5):273-8. link to original article PubMed
Daunorubicin & Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Holton et al. 1969 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Holton CP, Vietti TJ, Nora AH, Donaldson MH, Stuckey WJ Jr, Watkins WL, Lane DM. Clinical study of daunomycin and prednisone for induction of remission in children with advanced leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jan 23;280(4):171-4. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Anderson et al. 1981 | Phase III (C) | L-Asparaginase, Vindesine, Prednisone | Seems not superior |
Chemotherapy
References
- Anderson J, Krivit W, Chilcote R, Pyesmany A, Chard R, Hammond D. Comparison of the therapeutic response of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse to vindesine versus vincristine in combination with prednisone and L-asparaginase: a phase III trial. Cancer Treat Rep. 1981 Nov-Dec;65(11-12):1015-9. PubMed
Pentostatin monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Prentice et al. 1981 | Pilot |
Chemotherapy
References
- Prentice HG, Russell NH, Lee N, Ganeshaguru K, Blacklock H, Piga A, Smyth JF, Hoffbrand AV. Therapeutic selectivity of and predication of response to 2'-deoxycoformycin in acute leukaemia. Lancet. 1981 Dec 5;2(8258):1250-4. link to original article PubMed
TBI, then auto HSCT
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TBI: Total Body Irradiation
Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
McGovern et al. 1959 | Pilot |
This is of historic interest and likely the first reported use of autologous HSCT in the treatment of malignancy.
Radiotherapy
References
- McGovern JJ Jr, Russell PS, Atkins L, Webster EW. Treatment of terminal leukemic relapse by total-body irradiation and intravenous infusion of stored autologous bone marrow obtained during remission. N Engl J Med. 1959 Apr 2;260(14):675-83. link to original article PubMed