Revision as of 00:33, 10 July 2019

Page editor		Section editor
	Candice Schwartz, MD University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL		Neeta K. Venepalli, MD, MBA University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL

29 regimens on this page 35 variants on this page

Note: there is some overlap, especially in the earlier literature, between treatment regimens for cholangiocarcinoma and those for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, periampullary adenocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer; please see those pages for additional regimens.

Guidelines

ESMO

2016: Valle et al. Biliary cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

NCCN

NCCN Guidelines - Hepatobiliary Cancers

ASCO

Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Biliary Tract Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline April 2019

Adjuvant therapy

Capecitabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Primrose et al. 2019 (BILCAP)	Phase III (E)	Observation	Might have superior OS

Preceding treatment

Surgical resection with macroscopically curative resection

Chemotherapy

Capecitabine (Xeloda) 1250 mg/m² PO twice per day on days 1 to 14

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

BILCAP: Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. link to original article PubMed

Capecitabine & Gemcitabine

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GemCap: Gemcitabine & Capecitabine

Regimen

Study	Evidence
Ben-Josef et al. 2015 (SWOG S0809)	Phase II

Preceding treatment

Surgical resection

Chemotherapy

Capecitabine (Xeloda) 750 mg/m²/day PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1 & 8

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

Capecitabine & RT

References

SWOG S0809: Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR Jr, Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD. SWOG S0809: A phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2617-22. Epub 2015 May 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Ebata et al. 2018 (BCAT)	Phase III (E)	Observation	Seems not superior

Preceding treatment

Surgical resection with macroscopically curative resection

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

BCAT: Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. link to original article PubMed

Gemcitabine, then Fluorouracil & RT, then Gemcitabine

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RT: Radiation Therapy

Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Regine et al. 2008 (RTOG 9704)	Phase III (E)	Fluorouracil & RT	Seems not superior (*)

Note: this study was in pancreatic cancer but in practice it is extrapolated to cholangiocarcinoma. Reported efficacy is based on the 2011 update.

Preceding treatment

Surgical resection

Chemotherapy, part 1

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15

21-day course, followed in 1 to 2 weeks by:

Chemotherapy, part 2

Fluorouracil (5-FU) 250 mg/m²/day IV continuous infusion throughout radiation therapy

Radiotherapy

Concurrent radiation therapy, 1.8 Gy fractions x 28 fractions given 5 days per week, for a total dose of 50.4 Gy. The last 5.4 Gy of the 50.4 Gy is limited to the tumor bed.

6-week course, followed in 3 to 5 weeks by:

Chemotherapy, part 3

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15

28-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

RTOG 9704: Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams RA, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Kudrimoti MR, Fromm ML, Haddock MG, Schaefer P, Willett CG, Rich TA. Fluorouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Mar 5;299(9):1019-26. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
1. Update: Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams R, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Rich TA, Willett CG. Fluorouracil-based chemoradiation with either gemcitabine or fluorouracil chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: 5-year analysis of the US Intergroup/RTOG 9704 phase III trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 May;18(5):1319-26. Epub 2011 Mar 10. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

GemOx

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GemOx: Gemcitabine & Oxaliplatin

Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Edeline et al. 2019 (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI)	Phase III (E)	Observation	Seems not superior

Preceding treatment

Surgical resection with macroscopically curative resection

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once on day 1
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) 85 mg/m² IV once on day 2

14-day cycle for 12 cycles

References

PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI: Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. link to original article PubMed

Observation

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Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Ebata et al. 2018 (BCAT)	Phase III (C)	Gemcitabine	Seems not superior
Edeline et al. 2019 (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI)	Phase III (C)	GemOx	Seems not superior

No antineoplastic treatment after surgery.

Preceding treatment

Surgical resection with macroscopically curative resection

References

BCAT: Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. link to original article PubMed
PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI: Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. link to original article PubMed
BILCAP: Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. link to original article PubMed

Metastatic disease, all lines of therapy

Best supportive care

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Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Glimelius et al. 1996	Phase III (C)	1. FELV	Inferior OS
Glimelius et al. 1996	Phase III (C)	2. Fluorouracil & Folinic acid	Inferior OS

No antineoplastic treatment. Included for reference purposes only.

References

Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed content property of HemOnc.org

Capecitabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study	Evidence
Patt et al. 2004	Retrospective

Chemotherapy

Capecitabine (Xeloda) 1000 mg/m² PO twice per day on days 1 to 14

21-day cycles

References

Retrospective: Patt YZ, Hassan MM, Aguayo A, Nooka AK, Lozano RD, Curley SA, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, Schnirer II, Wolff RA, Charnsangavej C, Brown TD. Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma. Cancer. 2004 Aug 1;101(3):578-86. link to original article PubMed

Capecitabine & Mitomycin

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Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Kornek et al. 2004	Randomized Phase II (E)	Gemcitabine & Mitomycin	Might have superior ORR

Chemotherapy

Capecitabine (Xeloda) 1000 mg/m² PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
Mitomycin (Mutamycin) 8 mg/m² IV bolus once on day 1

Supportive medications

Dexamethasone (Decadron) and 5-HT3 antagonists on the day of IV chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

CapeOx

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CapeOx: Capecitabine & Oxaliplatin
XELOX: XELoda (Capecitabine) & OXaliplatin

Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Kim et al. 2019 (SMC 2011-05-070)	Phase III (E)	GEMOX	Non-inferior PFS

Chemotherapy

Capecitabine (Xeloda) 1000 mg/m² PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) 130 mg/m² IV once on day 1

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

SMC 2011-05-070: Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Cisplatin & Gemcitabine

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Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Valle et al. 2010 (ABC-02)	Phase III (E)	Gemcitabine	Superior OS

Chemotherapy

Cisplatin (Platinol) 25 mg/m² IV over 60 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8, given first
Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8, given second

Supportive medications

Cisplatin is mixed in a solution of 1 liter of normal saline with 20 mmol potassium chloride, 8 mmol magnesium sulfate
After cisplatin, 500 mL normal saline given over 30 minutes

21-day cycle for 4 to 8 cycles depending on response

References

ABC-02: Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, nab-Paclitaxel

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Regimen

Study	Evidence
Shroff et al. 2019 (MDACC 2014-0524)	Phase II

Prolonged median PFS and OS vs reported for historical controls treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin alone.

Chemotherapy

Cisplatin (Platinol) 25 mg/m² IV over 60 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 800 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1 & 8
Paclitaxel, nanoparticle albumin-bound (Abraxane) 100 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1 & 8

21-day cycle

References

MDACC 2014-0524: Shroff RT, Javle MM, Xiao L, Kaseb AO, Varadhachary GR, Wolff RA, Raghav KPS, Iwasaki M, Masci P, Ramanathan RK, Ahn DH, Bekaii-Saab TS, Borad MJ. Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print] link to original article PubMed

ECF

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ECF: Epirubicin, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Rao et al. 2005	Phase III (E)	FELV	Seems not superior

Chemotherapy

Epirubicin (Ellence) 50 mg/m² IV once on day 1
Cisplatin (Platinol) 60 mg/m² IV once on day 1
Fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 mg/m²/day IV continuous infusion over 21 days, started on day 1 (total dose per cycle: 4200 mg/m²)

21-day cycles

References

Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Erlotinib & Bevacizumab

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Regimen

Study	Evidence
Lubner et al. 2010	Phase II

Chemotherapy

Erlotinib (Tarceva) 150 mg PO once per day
Bevacizumab (Avastin) 5 mg/kg IV once per day on days 1 & 15

28-day cycles

References

Lubner SJ, Mahoney MR, Kolesar JL, Loconte NK, Kim GP, Pitot HC, Philip PA, Picus J, Yong WP, Horvath L, Van Hazel G, Erlichman CE, Holen KD. Report of a multicenter phase II trial testing a combination of biweekly bevacizumab and daily erlotinib in patients with unresectable biliary cancer: a phase II Consortium study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jul 20;28(21):3491-7. Epub 2010 Jun 7. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

FELV

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FELV: Fluorouracil , Etoposide, LeucoVorin (Folinic acid)

Variant #1, 500/120/60

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Glimelius et al. 1996	Phase III (E)	Best supportive care	Superior OS

Chemotherapy

Fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m² IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, given first
Etoposide (Vepesid) 120 mg/m² IV over 40 minutes once per day on days 1 to 3, given second
Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 60 mg/m² IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, given third

21-day cycles

Variant #2, 600/120/60

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Rao et al. 2005	Phase III (C)	ECF	Seems not superior

Chemotherapy

Fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m² IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, given first
Etoposide (Vepesid) 120 mg/m² IV over 40 minutes once per day on days 1 to 3, given second
Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 60 mg/m² IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, given third

21-day cycles

References

Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed content property of HemOnc.org
Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Fluorouracil & Folinic acid

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FUFA: 5-FU (Fluorouracil) & Folinic Acid

Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Glimelius et al. 1996	Phase III (E)	Best supportive care	Superior OS

Chemotherapy

Fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m² IV bolus once per day on days 1 & 2, given first
Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 60 mg/m² IV bolus once per day on days 1 & 2, given second, 40 minutes after Fluorouracil (5-FU)

14-day cycles

References

Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Fluorouracil, Folinic acid, Gemcitabine

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Regimen

Study	Evidence
Gebbia et al. 2001	Phase II

Chemotherapy

Fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m² IV bolus once on day 1, then 600 mg/m² IV continuous infusion over 22 hours (total dose per cycle: 1000 mg/m²)
Folinic acid (Leucovorin) 100 mg/m² IV over 2 hours once on day 1
Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1 & 8

21-day cycles

References

Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine monotherapy

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Variant #1

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Valle et al. 2010 (ABC-02)	Phase III (E)	Cisplatin & Gemcitabine	Inferior OS

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15

28-day cycle for 3 to 6 cycles depending on response

Variant #2

Study	Evidence
Gebbia et al. 2001	Phase II

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15

30-day cycles

References

Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
ABC-02: Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, S-1

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GCS: Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, S-1

Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Sakai et al. 2018 (KHBO1401-MITSUBA)	Phase III (E)	Cisplatin & Gemcitabine	Seems to have superior OS

Chemotherapy

Cisplatin (Platinol) 25 mg/m² IV once on day 1
Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once on day 1
Tegafur, gimeracil, oteracil (S-1) 80 mg/m² PO once per day on days 1 to 7

14-day cycles

References

Abstract: Sakai D, Kanai M , Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Baba H, Seo S, Taketomi A, Takayama T, Yamaue H, Ishioka C, Sho M, Takeyama Y, Fujimoto J, Toyoda M, Shimizu J, Goto T, Yoshimura K, Hatano E, Nagano H, Ioka T. Randomized phase III study of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus S-1 (GCS) versus gemcitabine, cisplatin (GC) for advanced biliary tract cancer (KHBO1401-MITSUBA). Annals of Oncology 29 (Supplement 8): viii205–viii270, 2018 link to abstract

Gemcitabine & Mitomycin

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Regimen

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Efficacy
Kornek et al. 2004	Randomized Phase II (E)	Capecitabine & Mitomycin	Might have inferior ORR

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 2000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 15
Mitomycin (Mutamycin) 8 mg/m² IV bolus once on day 1

Supportive medications

Dexamethasone (Decadron) and 5-HT3 antagonists on the day of IV chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine & nab-Paclitaxel

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NG: Nab-Paclitaxel & Gemcitabine

Regimen

Study	Evidence
Sahai et al. 2018	Phase II

Note: this regimen was intended for ECOG PS 0 to 2, and Child-Pugh score less than 8.

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15
Paclitaxel, nanoparticle albumin-bound (Abraxane) 125 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15

28-day cycles

References

Sahai V, Catalano PJ, Zalupski MM, Lubner SJ, Menge MR, Nimeiri HS, Munshi HG, Benson AB 3rd, O'Dwyer PJ. nab-Paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):1707-1712. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

GemOx

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GemOx: Gemcitabine & Oxaliplatin
GEMOX: GEMcitabine & OXaliplatin

Variant #1, 1000/85, bi-weekly

Study	Evidence	Efficacy
Halim et al. 2011	Phase II	ORR: 27.5%

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once on day 1, given first
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) 85 mg/m² IV over 2 hours once on day 1, given second

14-day cycles

Variant #2, 1000/100, bi-weekly

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Lee et al. 2011 (SMC 2008-12-024)	Phase III (C)	GEMOX & Erlotinib	Might have inferior PFS

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once on day 1
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) 100 mg/m² IV once on day 2

14-day cycles

Variant #3, 1000/100, 2 weeks out of 3

Study	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Kim et al. 2019 (SMC 2011-05-070)	Phase III (C)	XELOX	Non-inferior PFS

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV once per day on days 1 & 8
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) 100 mg/m² IV once on day 1

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Variant #4, 1000/100 ("GEMOX-3")

Study	Evidence	Efficacy
Harder et al. 2006	Phase II	ORR: 26% (95% CI 14–44)

GEMOX-3: GEMcitabine & OXaliplatin, 3 visits per month

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15, given first
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) 100 mg/m² IV over 2 hours once per day on days 1 & 15, given second

28-day cycles

References

Harder J, Riecken B, Kummer O, Lohrmann C, Otto F, Usadel H, Geissler M, Opitz O, Henss H. Outpatient chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with biliary tract cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 9;95(7):848-52. link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed
Halim A, Ebrahim MA, Saleh Y. A phase II study of outpatient biweekly gemcitabine-oxaliplatin in advanced biliary tract carcinomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb;41(2):217-24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
SMC 2008-12-024: Lee J, Park SH, Chang HM, Kim JS, Choi HJ, Lee MA, Jang JS, Jeung HC, Kang JH, Lee HW, Shin DB, Kang HJ, Sun JM, Park JO, Park YS, Kang WK, Lim HY. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with or without erlotinib in advanced biliary-tract cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Feb;13(2):181-8. Epub 2011 Dec 20. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
SMC 2011-05-070: Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

GEMOX-B

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GEMOX-B: GEMcitabine, OXaliplatin, Bevacizumab

Regimen

Study	Evidence
Zhu et al. 2009 (MGH 05-349)	Phase II

Chemotherapy

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1000 mg/m² IV over 100 minutes once per day on days 1 & 15, given second
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) 85 mg/m² IV over 2 hours once per day on days 1 & 15, given third
Bevacizumab (Avastin) 10 mg/kg IV once per day on days 1 & 15, given first

28-day cycles

References

MGH 05-349: Zhu AX, Meyerhardt JA, Blaszkowsky LS, Kambadakone AR, Muzikansky A, Zheng H, Clark JW, Abrams TA, Chan JA, Enzinger PC, Bhargava P, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Jain SR, Stuart K, Horgan K, Sheehan S, Fuchs CS, Ryan DP, Sahani DV. Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced biliary-tract cancers and correlation of changes in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with clinical outcome: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jan;11(1):48-54. Epub 2009 Nov 20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Pembrolizumab monotherapy

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Regimen

Study	Evidence
Le et al. 2017 (KEYNOTE-016)	Phase II, <20 pts of this subtype

Note: KEYNOTE-016 was an expansion to a CRC-specific trial.

Immunotherapy

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) 10 mg/kg IV once on day 1

14-day cycle for up to 2 years

References

KEYNOTE-016: Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Aulakh LK, Lu S, Kemberling H, Wilt C, Luber BS, Wong F, Azad NS, Rucki AA, Laheru D, Donehower R, Zaheer A, Fisher GA, Crocenzi TS, Lee JJ, Greten TF, Duffy AG, Ciombor KK, Eyring AD, Lam BH, Joe A, Kang SP, Holdhoff M, Danilova L, Cope L, Meyer C, Zhou S, Goldberg RM, Armstrong DK, Bever KM, Fader AN, Taube J, Housseau F, Spetzler D, Xiao N, Pardoll DM, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Eshleman JR, Vogelstein B, Anders RA, Diaz LA Jr. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017 Jul 28;357(6349):409-413. Epub 2017 Jun 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol in supplement PubMed

Regorafenib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study	Evidence
Sun et al. 2019	Phase II

Only studied in patients with advanced biliary cancer who failed at least 1 line of systemic therapy.

Chemotherapy

Regorafenib (Stivarga) 120 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 21

28-day cycles

References

Sun W, Patel A, Normolle A, Patel K, Ohr J, Lee JJ, Bahary N, Chu E, Streeter N, Drummond S. A phase 2 trial of regorafenib as a single agent in patients with chemotherapy‐refractory, advanced, and metastatic biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 2019 Mar 15;125(6):902-909. Epub 2018 Dec 18. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 =Guidelines=
 ==[http://www.esmo.org/ ESMO]==
-* '''2016:''' Valle et al. [https://www.esmo.org/Guidelines/Gastrointestinal-Cancers/Biliary-Cancer Biliary cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up]
+*'''2016:''' Valle et al. [https://www.esmo.org/Guidelines/Gastrointestinal-Cancers/Biliary-Cancer Biliary cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up]
 ==[https://www.nccn.org/ NCCN]==
 *[https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/hepatobiliary.pdf NCCN Guidelines - Hepatobiliary Cancers]
+==[https://ascopubs.org/ ASCO]==
+*[https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.18.02178 Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Biliary Tract Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline April 2019]
 =Adjuvant therapy=
@@ Line 43: / Line 49: @@
 |}
 ====Preceding treatment====
 *[[Surgery|Surgical resection]] with macroscopically curative resection
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Capecitabine (Xeloda)]] 1250 mg/m<sup>2</sup> PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
@@ Line 51: / Line 59: @@
 ===References===
-# '''BILCAP:''' Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(18)30915-X/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30922733 PubMed]
+#'''BILCAP:''' Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(18)30915-X/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30922733 PubMed]
 ==Capecitabine & Gemcitabine {{#subobject:17f9f2|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 69: / Line 78: @@
 |}
 ====Preceding treatment====
 *[[Surgery#Surgical_resection|Surgical resection]]
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Capecitabine (Xeloda)]] 750 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 1 & 8
@@ Line 76: / Line 88: @@
 '''21-day cycle for 4 cycles'''
 ====Subsequent treatment====
 *Capecitabine & RT
 ===References===
-# '''SWOG S0809:''' Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR Jr, Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD. SWOG S0809: A phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2617-22. Epub 2015 May 11. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.2014.60.2219 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534524/ link to PMC article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964250 PubMed]
+#'''SWOG S0809:''' Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR Jr, Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD. SWOG S0809: A phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2617-22. Epub 2015 May 11. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.2014.60.2219 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534524/ link to PMC article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964250 PubMed]
 ==Gemcitabine monotherapy {{#subobject:f8c8d9|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 99: / Line 113: @@
 |}
 ====Preceding treatment====
 *[[Surgery|Surgical resection]] with macroscopically curative resection
 ====Chemotherapy====
-*[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15
+*[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15
 '''28-day cycle for 6 cycles'''
-=== References ===
+===References===
-# '''BCAT:''' Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bjs.10776 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405274 PubMed]
+#'''BCAT:''' Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bjs.10776 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405274 PubMed]
 ==Gemcitabine, then Fluorouracil & RT, then Gemcitabine {{#subobject:f8c8d9|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 130: / Line 147: @@
 ''Note: this study was in pancreatic cancer but in practice it is extrapolated to cholangiocarcinoma. Reported efficacy is based on the 2011 update.''
 ====Preceding treatment====
 *[[Surgery#Surgical_resection|Surgical resection]]
 ====Chemotherapy, part 1====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15
@@ Line 137: / Line 157: @@
 ====Chemotherapy, part 2====
 *[[Fluorouracil (5-FU)]] 250 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day IV continuous infusion throughout radiation therapy
 ====Radiotherapy====
 *Concurrent [[External_beam_radiotherapy|radiation therapy]], 1.8 Gy fractions x 28 fractions given 5 days per week, for a total dose of 50.4 Gy. The last 5.4 Gy of the 50.4 Gy is limited to the tumor bed.
@@ Line 144: / Line 167: @@
 ====Chemotherapy, part 3====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15
@@ Line 149: / Line 173: @@
 ===References===
-# '''RTOG 9704:''' Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams RA, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Kudrimoti MR, Fromm ML, Haddock MG, Schaefer P, Willett CG, Rich TA. Fluorouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Mar 5;299(9):1019-26. [http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/299/9/1019.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18319412 PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams R, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Rich TA, Willett CG. Fluorouracil-based chemoradiation with either gemcitabine or fluorouracil chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: 5-year analysis of the US Intergroup/RTOG 9704 phase III trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 May;18(5):1319-26. Epub 2011 Mar 10. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1245%2Fs10434-011-1630-6 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548408/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499862 PubMed]
+#'''RTOG 9704:''' Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams RA, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Kudrimoti MR, Fromm ML, Haddock MG, Schaefer P, Willett CG, Rich TA. Fluorouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Mar 5;299(9):1019-26. [http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/299/9/1019.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18319412 PubMed]
+##'''Update:''' Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams R, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Rich TA, Willett CG. Fluorouracil-based chemoradiation with either gemcitabine or fluorouracil chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: 5-year analysis of the US Intergroup/RTOG 9704 phase III trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 May;18(5):1319-26. Epub 2011 Mar 10. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1245%2Fs10434-011-1630-6 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548408/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499862 PubMed]
 ==GemOx {{#subobject:f8c8d9|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 171: / Line 196: @@
 |}
 ====Preceding treatment====
 *[[Surgery|Surgical resection]] with macroscopically curative resection
 ====Chemotherapy====
-*[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
-*[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 85 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 2
+*[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
+*[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 85 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 2
 '''14-day cycle for 12 cycles'''
 ===References===
-# '''PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI:''' Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.18.00050 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30707660 PubMed]
+#'''PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI:''' Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.18.00050 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30707660 PubMed]
 ==Observation==
@@ Line 207: / Line 235: @@
 ''No antineoplastic treatment after surgery.''
 ====Preceding treatment====
 *[[Surgery#Surgical_resection|Surgical resection]] with macroscopically curative resection
 ===References===
-# '''BCAT:''' Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bjs.10776 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405274 PubMed]
-# '''PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI:''' Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.18.00050 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30707660 PubMed]
+#'''BCAT:''' Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bjs.10776 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405274 PubMed]
-# '''BILCAP:''' Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(18)30915-X/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30922733 PubMed]
+#'''PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI:''' Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. [https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.18.00050 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30707660 PubMed]
+#'''BILCAP:''' Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(18)30915-X/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30922733 PubMed]
 =Metastatic disease, all lines of therapy=
@@ Line 242: / Line 272: @@
 ===References===
-# Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/6/593.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879373 PubMed] content property of [http://hemonc.org HemOnc.org]
+#Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/6/593.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879373 PubMed] content property of [http://hemonc.org HemOnc.org]
 ==Capecitabine monotherapy {{#subobject:c7cfeb|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 259: / Line 290: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Capecitabine (Xeloda)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
@@ Line 264: / Line 296: @@
 ===References===
-# '''Retrospective:''' Patt YZ, Hassan MM, Aguayo A, Nooka AK, Lozano RD, Curley SA, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, Schnirer II, Wolff RA, Charnsangavej C, Brown TD. Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma. Cancer. 2004 Aug 1;101(3):578-86. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.20368/full link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15274071 PubMed]
+#'''Retrospective:''' Patt YZ, Hassan MM, Aguayo A, Nooka AK, Lozano RD, Curley SA, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, Schnirer II, Wolff RA, Charnsangavej C, Brown TD. Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma. Cancer. 2004 Aug 1;101(3):578-86. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.20368/full link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15274071 PubMed]
 ==Capecitabine & Mitomycin {{#subobject:6a9270|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 285: / Line 318: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Capecitabine (Xeloda)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
 *[[Mitomycin (Mutamycin)]] 8 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once on day 1
 ====Supportive medications====
 *[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] and [[:Category:Serotonin_5-HT3_antagonists|5-HT3 antagonists]] on the day of IV chemotherapy
@@ Line 294: / Line 329: @@
 ===References===
-# Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3/478.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14998852 PubMed]
+#Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3/478.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14998852 PubMed]
 ==CapeOx {{#subobject:cf9acc|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 305: / Line 341: @@
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:1ef938|Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
-!style="width: 25%"|Study
+! style="width: 25%" |Study
-!style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+! style="width: 25%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
-!style="width: 25%"|Comparator
+! style="width: 25%" |Comparator
-!style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
+! style="width: 25%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
 |-
 |[https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/30/5/788/5345557 Kim et al. 2019 (SMC 2011-05-070)]
@@ Line 317: / Line 353: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Capecitabine (Xeloda)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> PO twice per day on days 1 to 14
 *[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 130 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
@@ Line 323: / Line 360: @@
 ===References===
-# '''SMC 2011-05-070:''' Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. [https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/30/5/788/5345557 link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30785198 PubMed]
+#'''SMC 2011-05-070:''' Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. [https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/30/5/788/5345557 link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30785198 PubMed]
 ==Cisplatin & Gemcitabine {{#subobject:af0357|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 344: / Line 382: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 25 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 60 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8, '''given first'''
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8, '''given second'''
 ====Supportive medications====
 *Cisplatin is mixed in a solution of 1 liter of normal saline with 20 mmol potassium chloride, 8 mmol magnesium sulfate
 *After cisplatin, 500 mL normal saline given over 30 minutes
@@ Line 354: / Line 394: @@
 ===References===
-# '''ABC-02:''' Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0908721 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375404 PubMed]
+#'''ABC-02:''' Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0908721 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375404 PubMed]
 ==Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, nab-Paclitaxel {{#subobject:17f9f2|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 372: / Line 413: @@
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 25 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 60 minutes once per day on days 1 & 8
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 800 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 1 & 8
@@ Line 379: / Line 421: @@
 ===References===
-# '''MDACC 2014-0524:''' Shroff RT, Javle MM, Xiao L, Kaseb AO, Varadhachary GR, Wolff RA, Raghav KPS, Iwasaki M, Masci P, Ramanathan RK, Ahn DH, Bekaii-Saab TS, Borad MJ. Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print] [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2730639 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30998813 PubMed]
+#'''MDACC 2014-0524:''' Shroff RT, Javle MM, Xiao L, Kaseb AO, Varadhachary GR, Wolff RA, Raghav KPS, Iwasaki M, Masci P, Ramanathan RK, Ahn DH, Bekaii-Saab TS, Borad MJ. Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print] [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2730639 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30998813 PubMed]
 ==ECF {{#subobject:57bd6d|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 402: / Line 445: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Epirubicin (Ellence)]] 50 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
 *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 60 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
@@ Line 409: / Line 453: @@
 ===References===
-# Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. [https://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v92/n9/full/6602576a.html link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2362051/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15856037 PubMed]
+#Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. [https://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v92/n9/full/6602576a.html link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2362051/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15856037 PubMed]
 ==Erlotinib & Bevacizumab {{#subobject:CMR1|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 426: / Line 471: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Erlotinib (Tarceva)]] 150 mg PO once per day
 *[[Bevacizumab (Avastin)]] 5 mg/kg IV once per day on days 1 & 15
@@ Line 432: / Line 478: @@
 ===References===
-# Lubner SJ, Mahoney MR, Kolesar JL, Loconte NK, Kim GP, Pitot HC, Philip PA, Picus J, Yong WP, Horvath L, Van Hazel G, Erlichman CE, Holen KD. Report of a multicenter phase II trial testing a combination of biweekly bevacizumab and daily erlotinib in patients with unresectable biliary cancer: a phase II Consortium study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jul 20;28(21):3491-7. Epub 2010 Jun 7. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/28/21/3491.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917213/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20530271 PubMed]
+#Lubner SJ, Mahoney MR, Kolesar JL, Loconte NK, Kim GP, Pitot HC, Philip PA, Picus J, Yong WP, Horvath L, Van Hazel G, Erlichman CE, Holen KD. Report of a multicenter phase II trial testing a combination of biweekly bevacizumab and daily erlotinib in patients with unresectable biliary cancer: a phase II Consortium study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jul 20;28(21):3491-7. Epub 2010 Jun 7. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/28/21/3491.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917213/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20530271 PubMed]
 ==FELV {{#subobject:3658a8|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 454: / Line 501: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Fluorouracil (5-FU)]] 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, '''given first'''
 *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 120 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 40 minutes once per day on days 1 to 3, '''given second'''
@@ Line 473: / Line 521: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Fluorouracil (5-FU)]] 600 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once per day on days 1 to 3, '''given first'''
 *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 120 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 40 minutes once per day on days 1 to 3, '''given second'''
@@ Line 480: / Line 529: @@
 ===References===
-# Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/6/593.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879373 PubMed] content property of [http://hemonc.org HemOnc.org]
-# Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. [https://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v92/n9/full/6602576a.html link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2362051/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15856037 PubMed]
+#Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/6/593.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879373 PubMed] content property of [http://hemonc.org HemOnc.org]
+#Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. [https://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v92/n9/full/6602576a.html link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2362051/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15856037 PubMed]
 ==Fluorouracil & Folinic acid {{#subobject:7bfb92|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 503: / Line 553: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Fluorouracil (5-FU)]] 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once per day on days 1 & 2, '''given first'''
 *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 60 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once per day on days 1 & 2, '''given second, 40 minutes after Fluorouracil (5-FU)'''
@@ Line 509: / Line 560: @@
 ===References===
-# Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/6/593.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879373 PubMed]
+#Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/6/593.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879373 PubMed]
 ==Fluorouracil, Folinic acid, Gemcitabine {{#subobject:eb427f|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 526: / Line 578: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Fluorouracil (5-FU)]] 400 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once on day 1, then 600 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV continuous infusion over 22 hours (total dose per cycle: 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup>)
 *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 2 hours once on day 1
@@ Line 533: / Line 586: @@
 ===References===
-# Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/20/4089.2.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600613 PubMed]
+#Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/20/4089.2.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600613 PubMed]
 ==Gemcitabine monotherapy {{#subobject:1129f1|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 554: / Line 608: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15
@@ Line 568: / Line 623: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15
@@ Line 573: / Line 629: @@
 ===References===
-# Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/20/4089.2.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600613 PubMed]
-# '''ABC-02:''' Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0908721 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375404 PubMed]
+#Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/20/4089.2.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600613 PubMed]
+#'''ABC-02:''' Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0908721 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375404 PubMed]
 ==Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, S-1 {{#subobject:e0d17a|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 595: / Line 652: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 25 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
 *[[Tegafur, gimeracil, oteracil (S-1)]] 80 mg/m<sup>2</sup> PO once per day on days 1 to 7
 '''14-day cycles'''
 ===References===
-# '''Abstract:''' Sakai D, Kanai M , Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Baba H, Seo S, Taketomi A, Takayama T, Yamaue H, Ishioka C, Sho M,  Takeyama Y,  Fujimoto J, Toyoda M,  Shimizu J, Goto T,  Yoshimura K, Hatano E, Nagano H,  Ioka T. Randomized phase III study of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus S-1 (GCS) versus gemcitabine, cisplatin (GC) for advanced biliary tract cancer (KHBO1401-MITSUBA). Annals of Oncology 29 (Supplement 8): viii205–viii270, 2018 [https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/29/suppl_8/mdy282/5140253 link to abstract]
+#'''Abstract:''' Sakai D, Kanai M , Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Baba H, Seo S, Taketomi A, Takayama T, Yamaue H, Ishioka C, Sho M,  Takeyama Y,  Fujimoto J, Toyoda M,  Shimizu J, Goto T,  Yoshimura K, Hatano E, Nagano H,  Ioka T. Randomized phase III study of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus S-1 (GCS) versus gemcitabine, cisplatin (GC) for advanced biliary tract cancer (KHBO1401-MITSUBA). Annals of Oncology 29 (Supplement 8): viii205–viii270, 2018 [https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/29/suppl_8/mdy282/5140253 link to abstract]
 ==Gemcitabine & Mitomycin {{#subobject:5dad3c|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 623: / Line 682: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 2000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1 & 15
 *[[Mitomycin (Mutamycin)]] 8 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once on day 1
 ====Supportive medications====
 *[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] and [[:Category:Serotonin_5-HT3_antagonists|5-HT3 antagonists]] on the day of IV chemotherapy
@@ Line 632: / Line 693: @@
 ===References===
-# Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3/478.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14998852 PubMed]
+#Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3/478.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14998852 PubMed]
 ==Gemcitabine & nab-Paclitaxel {{#subobject:fbd698|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 651: / Line 713: @@
 ''Note: this regimen was intended for ECOG PS 0 to 2, and Child-Pugh score less than 8.''
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15
 *[[Paclitaxel, nanoparticle albumin-bound (Abraxane)]] 125 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15
@@ Line 657: / Line 720: @@
 ===References===
-# Sahai V, Catalano PJ, Zalupski MM, Lubner SJ, Menge MR, Nimeiri HS, Munshi HG, Benson AB 3rd, O'Dwyer PJ. nab-Paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):1707-1712. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2698042 link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30178032 PubMed]
+#Sahai V, Catalano PJ, Zalupski MM, Lubner SJ, Menge MR, Nimeiri HS, Munshi HG, Benson AB 3rd, O'Dwyer PJ. nab-Paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):1707-1712. [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2698042 link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30178032 PubMed]
 ==GemOx {{#subobject:a99e6e|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 668: / Line 732: @@
 ===Variant #1, 1000/85, bi-weekly {{#subobject:508f1b|Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%; text-align:center;"
-!style="width: 33%"|Study
+! style="width: 33%" |Study
-!style="width: 33%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+! style="width: 33%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
-!style="width: 33%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Efficacy|Efficacy]]
+! style="width: 33%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Efficacy|Efficacy]]
 |-
 |[https://academic.oup.com/jjco/article/41/2/217/875887 Halim et al. 2011]
-|style="background-color:#91cf61"|Phase II
+| style="background-color:#91cf61" |Phase II
 |ORR: 27.5%
 |-
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once on day 1, '''given first'''
 *[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 85 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 2 hours once on day 1, '''given second'''
@@ Line 685: / Line 750: @@
 ===Variant #2, 1000/100, bi-weekly {{#subobject:a8fecb|Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
-!style="width: 25%"|Study
+! style="width: 25%" |Study
-!style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+! style="width: 25%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
-!style="width: 25%"|Comparator
+! style="width: 25%" |Comparator
-!style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
+! style="width: 25%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
 |-
 |[https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(11)70301-1/fulltext Lee et al. 2011 (SMC 2008-12-024)]
@@ Line 697: / Line 762: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
 *[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 2
@@ Line 704: / Line 770: @@
 ===Variant #3, 1000/100, 2 weeks out of 3 {{#subobject:a6c33cb|Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
-!style="width: 25%"|Study
+! style="width: 25%" |Study
-!style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+! style="width: 25%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
-!style="width: 25%"|Comparator
+! style="width: 25%" |Comparator
-!style="width: 25%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
+! style="width: 25%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
 |-
 |[https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/30/5/788/5345557 Kim et al. 2019 (SMC 2011-05-070)]
@@ Line 716: / Line 782: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 1 & 8
 *[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
@@ Line 723: / Line 790: @@
 ===Variant #4, 1000/100 ("GEMOX-3") {{#subobject:a8fefg|Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%; text-align:center;"
-!style="width: 33%"|Study
+! style="width: 33%" |Study
-!style="width: 33%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+! style="width: 33%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
-!style="width: 33%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Efficacy|Efficacy]]
+! style="width: 33%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Efficacy|Efficacy]]
 |-
 |[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2360533/ Harder et al. 2006]
-|style="background-color:#91cf61"|Phase II
+| style="background-color:#91cf61" |Phase II
 |ORR: 26% (95% CI 14–44)
 |-
 |}
 GEMOX-3: '''<u>GEM</u>'''citabine & '''<u>OX</u>'''aliplatin, 3 visits per month
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 30 minutes once per day on days 1, 8, 15, '''given first'''
 *[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 2 hours once per day on days 1 & 15, '''given second'''
@@ Line 740: / Line 808: @@
 ===References===
-# Harder J, Riecken B, Kummer O, Lohrmann C, Otto F, Usadel H, Geissler M, Opitz O, Henss H. Outpatient chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with biliary tract cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 9;95(7):848-52. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2360533/ link to PMC article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16969352 PubMed]
-# Halim A, Ebrahim MA, Saleh Y. A phase II study of outpatient biweekly gemcitabine-oxaliplatin in advanced biliary tract carcinomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb;41(2):217-24. [https://academic.oup.com/jjco/article/41/2/217/875887 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062755 PubMed]
+#Harder J, Riecken B, Kummer O, Lohrmann C, Otto F, Usadel H, Geissler M, Opitz O, Henss H. Outpatient chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with biliary tract cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 9;95(7):848-52. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2360533/ link to PMC article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16969352 PubMed]
-# '''SMC 2008-12-024:''' Lee J, Park SH, Chang HM, Kim JS, Choi HJ, Lee MA, Jang JS, Jeung HC, Kang JH, Lee HW, Shin DB, Kang HJ, Sun JM, Park JO, Park YS, Kang WK, Lim HY. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with or without erlotinib in advanced biliary-tract cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Feb;13(2):181-8. Epub 2011 Dec 20. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(11)70301-1/fulltext link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192731 PubMed]
+#Halim A, Ebrahim MA, Saleh Y. A phase II study of outpatient biweekly gemcitabine-oxaliplatin in advanced biliary tract carcinomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb;41(2):217-24. [https://academic.oup.com/jjco/article/41/2/217/875887 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062755 PubMed]
-# '''SMC 2011-05-070:''' Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. [https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/30/5/788/5345557 link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30785198 PubMed]
+#'''SMC 2008-12-024:''' Lee J, Park SH, Chang HM, Kim JS, Choi HJ, Lee MA, Jang JS, Jeung HC, Kang JH, Lee HW, Shin DB, Kang HJ, Sun JM, Park JO, Park YS, Kang WK, Lim HY. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with or without erlotinib in advanced biliary-tract cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Feb;13(2):181-8. Epub 2011 Dec 20. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(11)70301-1/fulltext link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192731 PubMed]
+#'''SMC 2011-05-070:''' Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. [https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/30/5/788/5345557 link to original article] '''contains protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30785198 PubMed]
 ==GEMOX-B {{#subobject:119bb0|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 761: / Line 830: @@
 |}
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 100 minutes once per day on days 1 & 15, '''given second'''
 *[[Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)]] 85 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 2 hours once per day on days 1 & 15, '''given third'''
@@ Line 768: / Line 838: @@
 ===References===
-# '''MGH 05-349:''' Zhu AX, Meyerhardt JA, Blaszkowsky LS, Kambadakone AR, Muzikansky A, Zheng H, Clark JW, Abrams TA, Chan JA, Enzinger PC, Bhargava P, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Jain SR, Stuart K, Horgan K, Sheehan S, Fuchs CS, Ryan DP, Sahani DV. Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced biliary-tract cancers and correlation of changes in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with clinical outcome: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jan;11(1):48-54. Epub 2009 Nov 20. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2809%2970333-X/fulltext link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19932054 PubMed]
+#'''MGH 05-349:''' Zhu AX, Meyerhardt JA, Blaszkowsky LS, Kambadakone AR, Muzikansky A, Zheng H, Clark JW, Abrams TA, Chan JA, Enzinger PC, Bhargava P, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Jain SR, Stuart K, Horgan K, Sheehan S, Fuchs CS, Ryan DP, Sahani DV. Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced biliary-tract cancers and correlation of changes in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with clinical outcome: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jan;11(1):48-54. Epub 2009 Nov 20. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2809%2970333-X/fulltext link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19932054 PubMed]
 ==Pembrolizumab monotherapy {{#subobject:e0d17a|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 786: / Line 857: @@
 ''Note: KEYNOTE-016 was an expansion to a CRC-specific trial.''
 ====Immunotherapy====
 *[[Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)]] 10 mg/kg IV once on day 1
@@ Line 791: / Line 863: @@
 ===References===
-# '''KEYNOTE-016:''' Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Aulakh LK, Lu S, Kemberling H, Wilt C, Luber BS, Wong F, Azad NS, Rucki AA, Laheru D, Donehower R, Zaheer A, Fisher GA, Crocenzi TS, Lee JJ, Greten TF, Duffy AG, Ciombor KK, Eyring AD, Lam BH, Joe A, Kang SP, Holdhoff M, Danilova L, Cope L, Meyer C, Zhou S, Goldberg RM, Armstrong DK, Bever KM, Fader AN, Taube J, Housseau F, Spetzler D, Xiao N, Pardoll DM, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Eshleman JR, Vogelstein B, Anders RA, Diaz LA Jr. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017 Jul 28;357(6349):409-413. Epub 2017 Jun 8. [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6349/409.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576142/ link to PMC article] '''contains verified protocol in supplement''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596308 PubMed]
+#'''KEYNOTE-016:''' Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Aulakh LK, Lu S, Kemberling H, Wilt C, Luber BS, Wong F, Azad NS, Rucki AA, Laheru D, Donehower R, Zaheer A, Fisher GA, Crocenzi TS, Lee JJ, Greten TF, Duffy AG, Ciombor KK, Eyring AD, Lam BH, Joe A, Kang SP, Holdhoff M, Danilova L, Cope L, Meyer C, Zhou S, Goldberg RM, Armstrong DK, Bever KM, Fader AN, Taube J, Housseau F, Spetzler D, Xiao N, Pardoll DM, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Eshleman JR, Vogelstein B, Anders RA, Diaz LA Jr. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017 Jul 28;357(6349):409-413. Epub 2017 Jun 8. [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6349/409.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576142/ link to PMC article] '''contains verified protocol in supplement''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596308 PubMed]
 ==Regorafenib monotherapy {{#subobject:17f9f2|Regimen=1}}==
@@ Line 808: / Line 881: @@
 ''Only studied in patients with advanced biliary cancer who failed at least 1 line of systemic therapy.''
 ====Chemotherapy====
-*[[Regorafenib (Stivarga)]] 120 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 21
+*[[Regorafenib (Stivarga)]] 120 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 21
 '''28-day cycles'''
 ===References===
-# Sun W, Patel A, Normolle A, Patel K, Ohr J, Lee JJ, Bahary N, Chu E, Streeter N, Drummond S. A phase 2 trial of regorafenib as a single agent in patients with chemotherapy‐refractory, advanced, and metastatic biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 2019 Mar 15;125(6):902-909. Epub 2018 Dec 18. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cncr.31872 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6402964/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30561756 PubMed]
+#Sun W, Patel A, Normolle A, Patel K, Ohr J, Lee JJ, Bahary N, Chu E, Streeter N, Drummond S. A phase 2 trial of regorafenib as a single agent in patients with chemotherapy‐refractory, advanced, and metastatic biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 2019 Mar 15;125(6):902-909. Epub 2018 Dec 18. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cncr.31872 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6402964/ link to PMC article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30561756 PubMed]
 [[Category:Cholangiocarcinoma regimens]]
 [[Category:Disease-specific pages]]
 [[Category:Hepatobiliary cancers]]

Difference between revisions of "Cholangiocarcinoma"

Revision as of 00:33, 10 July 2019

Guidelines

ESMO

NCCN

ASCO

Adjuvant therapy

Capecitabine monotherapy

Regimen

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

References

Capecitabine & Gemcitabine

Regimen

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Subsequent treatment

References

Gemcitabine monotherapy

Regimen

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

References

Gemcitabine, then Fluorouracil & RT, then Gemcitabine

Regimen

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, part 1

Chemotherapy, part 2

Radiotherapy

Chemotherapy, part 3

References

GemOx

Regimen

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

References

Observation

Regimen

Preceding treatment

References

Metastatic disease, all lines of therapy

Best supportive care

Regimen

References

Capecitabine monotherapy

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

Capecitabine & Mitomycin

Regimen

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

References

CapeOx

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

Cisplatin & Gemcitabine

Regimen

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

References

Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, nab-Paclitaxel

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

ECF

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

Erlotinib & Bevacizumab

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

FELV

Variant #1, 500/120/60

Chemotherapy

Variant #2, 600/120/60

Chemotherapy

References