Difference between revisions of "B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia - historical"
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
# '''JALSG-ALL93:''' Takeuchi J, Kyo T, Naito K, Sao H, Takahashi M, Miyawaki S, Kuriyama K, Ohtake S, Yagasaki F, Murakami H, Asou N, Ino T, Okamoto T, Usui N, Nishimura M, Shinagawa K, Fukushima T, Taguchi H, Morii T, Mizuta S, Akiyama H, Nakamura Y, Ohshima T, Ohno R. Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia. 2002 Jul;16(7):1259-66. [https://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v16/n7/full/2402526a.html link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12094249 PubMed] | # '''JALSG-ALL93:''' Takeuchi J, Kyo T, Naito K, Sao H, Takahashi M, Miyawaki S, Kuriyama K, Ohtake S, Yagasaki F, Murakami H, Asou N, Ino T, Okamoto T, Usui N, Nishimura M, Shinagawa K, Fukushima T, Taguchi H, Morii T, Mizuta S, Akiyama H, Nakamura Y, Ohshima T, Ohno R. Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia. 2002 Jul;16(7):1259-66. [https://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v16/n7/full/2402526a.html link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12094249 PubMed] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone {{#subobject:5a7eda|Regimen=1}}== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 5px;" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[#top|back to top]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | ===Regimen {{#subobject:245098|Variant=1}}=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;" | ||
+ | !style="width: 50%"|Study | ||
+ | !style="width: 50%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS014067360761126X/fulltext Pieters et al. 2007 (Interfant-99)] | ||
+ | | style="background-color:#91cf61" |Non-randomized portion of RCT | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | ====Preceding treatment==== | ||
+ | *Prednisone pre-phase | ||
+ | ====Chemotherapy==== | ||
+ | *[[Cytarabine (Cytosar)]] | ||
+ | *[[Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)]] | ||
+ | *[[Asparaginase (Elspar)]] | ||
+ | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] | ||
+ | *[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] | ||
+ | ====Subsequent treatment==== | ||
+ | *MARAM consolidation | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===References=== | ||
+ | # '''Interfant-99:''' Pieters R, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, Hann I, De Rossi G, Felice M, Hovi L, LeBlanc T, Szczepanski T, Ferster A, Janka G, Rubnitz J, Silverman L, Stary J, Campbell M, Li CK, Mann G, Suppiah R, Biondi A, Vora A, Valsecchi MG. A treatment protocol for infants younger than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Interfant-99): an observational study and a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):240-250. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS014067360761126X/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17658395 PubMed] | ||
==Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:177f43|Regimen=1}}== | ==Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Vincristine, Prednisone {{#subobject:177f43|Regimen=1}}== |
Revision as of 17:40, 11 December 2018
The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. As a general rule, this includes the inferior arm(s) of a randomized study, unless said regimens continue to be recommended by trustworthy sources such as the NCCN Guidelines. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the main B-ALL page for current regimens.
11 regimens on this page
13 variants on this page
|
Upfront induction therapy
Aminopterin monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Farber et al. 1948 | Non-randomized pilot |
Of major historical interest, being one of the first published cancer chemotherapy experiments in man that led to an active non-clinical-trial intervention (to be distinguished from the trial of diopterin and teropterin published in Science in 1947). This agent is no longer available but was used clinically for several decades.
Chemotherapy
References
- Farber S, Diamond LK, Mercer RD, Sylvester RF, Wolff JA. Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid. N Engl J Med. 1948 Jun 3;238(23):787-93. link to original article PubMed
Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Takeuchi et al. 2002 (JALSG-ALL93) | Non-randomized |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- L-Asparaginase
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Prednisolone (Millipred)
References
- JALSG-ALL93: Takeuchi J, Kyo T, Naito K, Sao H, Takahashi M, Miyawaki S, Kuriyama K, Ohtake S, Yagasaki F, Murakami H, Asou N, Ino T, Okamoto T, Usui N, Nishimura M, Shinagawa K, Fukushima T, Taguchi H, Morii T, Mizuta S, Akiyama H, Nakamura Y, Ohshima T, Ohno R. Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia. 2002 Jul;16(7):1259-66. link to original article PubMed
Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Pieters et al. 2007 (Interfant-99) | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Preceding treatment
- Prednisone pre-phase
Chemotherapy
- Cytarabine (Cytosar)
- Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
- Asparaginase (Elspar)
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Subsequent treatment
- MARAM consolidation
References
- Interfant-99: Pieters R, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, Hann I, De Rossi G, Felice M, Hovi L, LeBlanc T, Szczepanski T, Ferster A, Janka G, Rubnitz J, Silverman L, Stary J, Campbell M, Li CK, Mann G, Suppiah R, Biondi A, Vora A, Valsecchi MG. A treatment protocol for infants younger than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Interfant-99): an observational study and a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):240-250. link to original article PubMed
Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Rivera et al. 1991 | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Evans et al. 1998 | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Chemotherapy
- Cytarabine (Cytosar)
- Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
- Asparaginase (Elspar)
- Teniposide (Vumon)
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Prednisone (Sterapred)
Subsequent treatment
- High-dose MTX
References
- Rivera GK, Raimondi SC, Hancock ML, Behm FG, Pui CH, Abromowitch M, Mirro J Jr, Ochs JS, Look AT, Williams DL, Hancock ML, Evans WE, Kun LE. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with reinforced early treatment and rotational combination chemotherapy. Lancet. 1991 Jan 12;337(8733):61-6. link to original article PubMed
- Evans WE, Relling MV, Rodman JH, Crom WR, Boyett JM, Pui CH. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 19;338(8):499-505. link to original article PubMed
Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Clavell et al. 1986 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Clavell LA, Gelber RD, Cohen HJ, Hitchcock-Bryan S, Cassady JR, Tarbell NJ, Blattner SR, Tantravahi R, Leavitt P, Sallan SE. Four-agent induction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1986 Sep 11;315(11):657-63. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922) | Phase III (E) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone | Superior EFS |
Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97) | Phase III (E) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone | Superior EFS |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- CCG-1922: Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. link to original article PubMed
- UK MRC ALL97: Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. link to original article PubMed
- Update: Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Hann et al. 2000 (MRC UKALL XI) | Non-randomized portion of RCT | ||
Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97) | Phase III (C) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone | Inferior EFS |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- MRC UKALL XI: Hann I, Vora A, Richards S, Hill F, Gibson B, Lilleyman J, Kinsey S, Mitchell C, Eden OB; UK Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Benefit of intensified treatment for all children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from MRC UKALL XI and MRC ALL97 randomised trials. Leukemia. 2000 Mar;14(3):356-63. link to original article PubMed
- UK MRC ALL97: Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. link to original article PubMed
- Update: Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Gottlieb et al. 1984 | Randomized (C) | Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone | Inferior CR rate |
van der Does-van den Berg et al. 1989 (DCLSG ALL V) | Phase III (C) | Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone | Seems not superior |
Eden et al. 1991 (MRC UKALL VIII) | Phase III (C) | Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone | Seems not superior |
Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922) | Phase III (C) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone | Inferior EFS |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- Gottlieb AJ, Weinberg V, Ellison RR, Henderson ES, Terebelo H, Rafla S, Cuttner J, Silver RT, Carey RW, Levy RN, Hutchinson JL, Raich P, Cooper MR, Wiernik P, Anderson JR, Holland JF. Efficacy of daunorubicin in the therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized trial by Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Blood. 1984 Jul;64(1):267-74. link to original article PubMed
- DCLSG ALL V: van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, van 't Veer MB, Rammeloo JA, de Koning J, van Zanen GE. Effectiveness of rubidomycin in induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase for standard risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Dutch phase III study (ALL V); A report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1989 Summer;11(2):125-33. PubMed
- MRC UKALL VIII: Eden OB, Lilleyman JS, Richards S, Shaw MP, Peto J. Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood). Br J Haematol. 1991 Jun;78(2):187-96. link to original article PubMed
- CCG-1922: Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. link to original article PubMed
Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Frei et al. 1958 | Randomized (E) | 6-MP & MTX (alternate dosing) | Seems not superior |
Note: this is one of the first combination trials in hematology/oncology and possibly the first randomized trial.
Chemotherapy
References
- Frei E 3rd, Holland JF, Schneiderman MA, Pinkel D, Selkirk G, Freireich EJ, Silver RT, Gold GL, Regelson W. A comparative study of two regimens of combination chemotherapy in acute leukemia. Blood. 1958 Dec;13(12):1126-48. link to original article PubMed
Mercaptopurine & Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Fernbach et al. 1966 | Randomized (C) | Cyclophosphamide & Prednisone | Seems not superior |
Chemotherapy
References
- Fernbach DJ, Griffith KM, Haggard ME, Holcomb TM, Sutow WW, Vietti TJ, Windmiller J. Chemotherapy of acute leukemia in childhood: comparison of cyclophosphamide and mercaptopurine. N Engl J Med. 1966 Sep 1;275(9):451-6. link to original article PubMed
Prednisolone monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Shanbrom & Miller 1962 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Shanbrom E, Miller S. Critical evaluation of massive steroid therapy of acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1962 Jun 28;266:1354-8. link to original article PubMed
Prednisone monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Granville et al. 1958 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Granville NB, Rubio F Jr, Unugur A, Schulman E, Dameshek W. Treatment of acute leukemia in adults with massive doses of prednisone and prednisolone. N Engl J Med. 1958 Jul 31;259(5):207-13. link to original article PubMed
Consolidation after upfront therapy
Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Evans et al. 1986 | Randomized (E) | WBRT, then 6-MP & MTX (conventional dosing) | See note |
Note: although this is a randomized trial, the report focuses on this arm, which includes HD-MTX, and not the comparison.
Preceding treatment
Chemotherapy
References
- Evans WE, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, Dodge R, Look AT, Bowman WP, George SL, Pui CH. Clinical pharmacodynamics of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia: identification of a relation between concentration and effect. N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):471-7. link to original article PubMed
Maintenance after upfront therapy
Methotrexate monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Selawry & Holland 1965 | Randomized (E) | PO MTX | Superior RFS |
Preceding treatment
- Vincristine & Prednisone induction
Chemotherapy
References
- Selawry OS, Holland JF; Acute leukemia group B. New treatment schedule with improved survival in childhood leukemia: intermittent parenteral vs daily oral administration of methotrexate for maintenance of induced remission. JAMA. 1965 Oct 4;194(1):75-81. link to original article PubMed
Relapsed or refractory
Daunorubicin & Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Holton et al. 1969 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Holton CP, Vietti TJ, Nora AH, Donaldson MH, Stuckey WJ Jr, Watkins WL, Lane DM. Clinical study of daunomycin and prednisone for induction of remission in children with advanced leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jan 23;280(4):171-4. link to original article PubMed
TBI, then auto HSCT
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TBI: Total Body Irradiation
Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
McGovern et al. 1959 | Pilot |
This is of historic interest and likely the first reported use of autologous HSCT in the treatment of malignancy.
Radiotherapy
References
- McGovern JJ Jr, Russell PS, Atkins L, Webster EW, Duane M, Estes JW, Kelleher D. Treatment of terminal leukemic relapse by total-body irradiation and intravenous infusion of stored autologous bone marrow obtained during remission. N Engl J Med. 1959 Apr 2;260(14):675-83. link to original article PubMed