Difference between revisions of "Venous thromboembolism"
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===Guidelines=== | ===Guidelines=== | ||
| − | *''ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2013 update:'' Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, Clarke JM, Flowers CR, Francis CW, Gates LE, Kakkar AK, Key NS, Levine MN, Liebman HA, Tempero MA, Wong SL, Prestrud AA, Falanga A; American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jun 10;31(17):2189-204. Epub 2013 May 13. Review. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/31/17/2189.long link to original article] [ | + | *''ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2013 update:'' Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, Clarke JM, Flowers CR, Francis CW, Gates LE, Kakkar AK, Key NS, Levine MN, Liebman HA, Tempero MA, Wong SL, Prestrud AA, Falanga A; American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jun 10;31(17):2189-204. Epub 2013 May 13. Review. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/31/17/2189.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23669224 PubMed] |
| − | *''ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2014 update:'' Lyman GH, Bohlke K, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, Clarke JM, Flowers CR, Francis CW, Gates LE, Kakkar AK, Key NS, Levine MN, Liebman HA, Tempero MA, Wong SL, Somerfield MR, Falanga A; American Society of Clinical Oncology. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update 2014. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Feb 20;33(6):654-6. Epub 2015 Jan 20. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/33/6/654.long link to original article] [ | + | *''ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2014 update:'' Lyman GH, Bohlke K, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, Clarke JM, Flowers CR, Francis CW, Gates LE, Kakkar AK, Key NS, Levine MN, Liebman HA, Tempero MA, Wong SL, Somerfield MR, Falanga A; American Society of Clinical Oncology. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update 2014. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Feb 20;33(6):654-6. Epub 2015 Jan 20. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/33/6/654.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25605844 PubMed] |
===Randomized trials=== | ===Randomized trials=== | ||
| − | # Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [ | + | # Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153376 PubMed] |
| − | # '''CLOT:''' Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa025313 link to original article] [ | + | # '''CLOT:''' Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa025313 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853587 PubMed] |
## '''Posthoc analysis:''' Lee AY, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Gent M, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Levine MN. Randomized comparison of low molecular weight heparin and coumarin derivatives on the survival of patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 1;23(10):2123-9. Epub 2005 Feb 7. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/23/10/2123.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15699480 PubMed] | ## '''Posthoc analysis:''' Lee AY, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Gent M, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Levine MN. Randomized comparison of low molecular weight heparin and coumarin derivatives on the survival of patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 1;23(10):2123-9. Epub 2005 Feb 7. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/23/10/2123.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15699480 PubMed] | ||
| − | # '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [ | + | # '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145251 PubMed] |
==Treatments== | ==Treatments== | ||
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''These are all randomized studies, some on very large groups of patients. We will consider reorganizing this list in the future to the actual medications. Note that many of these trials were for indications other than VTE.'' | ''These are all randomized studies, some on very large groups of patients. We will consider reorganizing this list in the future to the actual medications. Note that many of these trials were for indications other than VTE.'' | ||
| − | # Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [ | + | # Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. [http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=754085 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153376 PubMed] |
| − | # '''CLOT:''' Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa025313 link to original article] [ | + | # '''CLOT:''' Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa025313 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853587 PubMed] |
| − | # '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [ | + | # '''LITE:''' Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934306002634 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145251 PubMed] |
| − | # '''RE-LY:''' Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1139-51. Epub 2009 Aug 30. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 4;363(19):1877. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0905561 link to original article] [ | + | # '''RE-LY:''' Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1139-51. Epub 2009 Aug 30. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 4;363(19):1877. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0905561 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717844 PubMed] |
| − | # '''RE-COVER:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0906598 link to original article] [ | + | # '''RE-COVER:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0906598 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966341 PubMed] |
| − | # '''EINSTEIN-DVT:''' EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903 link to original article] [ | + | # '''EINSTEIN-DVT:''' EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21128814 PubMed] |
| − | # '''APPRAISE-2:''' Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, Kilaru R, He Y, Mohan P, Bhatt DL, Goodman S, Verheugt FW, Flather M, Huber K, Liaw D, Husted SE, Lopez-Sendon J, De Caterina R, Jansky P, Darius H, Vinereanu D, Cornel JH, Cools F, Atar D, Leiva-Pons JL, Keltai M, Ogawa H, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Ruzyllo W, Diaz R, White H, Ruda M, Geraldes M, Lawrence J, Harrington RA, Wallentin L; APPRAISE-2 Investigators. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 25;365(8):699-708. Epub 2011 Jul 24. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1105819 link to original article] [ | + | # '''APPRAISE-2:''' Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, Kilaru R, He Y, Mohan P, Bhatt DL, Goodman S, Verheugt FW, Flather M, Huber K, Liaw D, Husted SE, Lopez-Sendon J, De Caterina R, Jansky P, Darius H, Vinereanu D, Cornel JH, Cools F, Atar D, Leiva-Pons JL, Keltai M, Ogawa H, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Ruzyllo W, Diaz R, White H, Ruda M, Geraldes M, Lawrence J, Harrington RA, Wallentin L; APPRAISE-2 Investigators. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 25;365(8):699-708. Epub 2011 Jul 24. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1105819 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21780946 PubMed] |
| − | # '''ROCKET AF:''' Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 8;365(10):883-91. Epub 2011 Aug 10. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1009638 link to original article] [ | + | # '''ROCKET AF:''' Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 8;365(10):883-91. Epub 2011 Aug 10. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1009638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21830957 PubMed] |
| − | # '''ARISTOTLE:''' Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):981-92. Epub 2011 Aug 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1107039 link to original article] [ | + | # '''ARISTOTLE:''' Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):981-92. Epub 2011 Aug 27. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1107039 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870978 PubMed] |
| − | # '''ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51:''' Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Bassand JP, Bhatt DL, Bode C, Burton P, Cohen M, Cook-Bruns N, Fox KA, Goto S, Murphy SA, Plotnikov AN, Schneider D, Sun X, Verheugt FW, Gibson CM; ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51 Investigators. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 5;366(1):9-19. Epub 2011 Nov 13. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1112277 link to original article] [ | + | # '''ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51:''' Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Bassand JP, Bhatt DL, Bode C, Burton P, Cohen M, Cook-Bruns N, Fox KA, Goto S, Murphy SA, Plotnikov AN, Schneider D, Sun X, Verheugt FW, Gibson CM; ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51 Investigators. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 5;366(1):9-19. Epub 2011 Nov 13. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1112277 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22077192 PubMed] |
| − | # '''EINSTEIN-PE:''' EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572 link to original article] [ | + | # '''EINSTEIN-PE:''' EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449293 PubMed] |
| − | # '''J-ROCKET AF:''' Hori M, Matsumoto M, Tanahashi N, Momomura S, Uchiyama S, Goto S, Izumi T, Koretsune Y, Kajikawa M, Kato M, Ueda H, Iwamoto K, Tajiri M; J-ROCKET AF study investigators. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation – the J-ROCKET AF study –. Circ J. 2012;76(9):2104-11. Epub 2012 Jun 5. [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/76/9/76_CJ-12-0454/_article link to original article] [ | + | # '''J-ROCKET AF:''' Hori M, Matsumoto M, Tanahashi N, Momomura S, Uchiyama S, Goto S, Izumi T, Koretsune Y, Kajikawa M, Kato M, Ueda H, Iwamoto K, Tajiri M; J-ROCKET AF study investigators. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation – the J-ROCKET AF study –. Circ J. 2012;76(9):2104-11. Epub 2012 Jun 5. [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/76/9/76_CJ-12-0454/_article link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664783 PubMed] |
| − | # '''PLIFY-EXT:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; PLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):699-708. Epub 2012 Dec 8. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1207541 link to original article] [ | + | # '''PLIFY-EXT:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; PLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):699-708. Epub 2012 Dec 8. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1207541 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23216615 PubMed] |
| − | # '''RE-MEDY:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113697 link to original article] [[ | + | # '''RE-MEDY:''' Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113697 link to original article] [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425163 PubMed] |
| − | # '''AMPLIFY:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1302507 link to original article] [ | + | # '''AMPLIFY:''' Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1302507 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808982 PubMed] |
| − | # '''ENGAGE AF-TIMI-48:''' Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Špinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 28;369(22):2093-104. Epub 2013 Nov 19. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1310907 link to original article] [ | + | # '''ENGAGE AF-TIMI-48:''' Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Špinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 28;369(22):2093-104. Epub 2013 Nov 19. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1310907 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251359 PubMed] |
| − | # '''HOKUSAI-VTE:''' Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1306638 link to original article] [ | + | # '''HOKUSAI-VTE:''' Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1306638 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991658 PubMed] |
| − | ## '''Subset analysis:''' Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(16)30057-6/fulltext link to original article] [ | + | ## '''Subset analysis:''' Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(16)30057-6/fulltext link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27476789 PubMed] |
| − | # '''RE-COVER II:''' Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/7/764.long link to original article] [ | + | # '''RE-COVER II:''' Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/7/764.long link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344086 PubMed] |
| − | # '''CATCH:''' Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs Warfarin for Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2428955 link to original article] [ | + | # '''CATCH:''' Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs Warfarin for Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. [http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2428955 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284719 PubMed] |
==Additional information== | ==Additional information== | ||
Revision as of 02:42, 2 December 2016
Use of this site is subject to you reading and agreeing with the terms set forth in the disclaimer.
Other information on HemOnc.org regarding management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) include:
- Deep veins and superficial veins in the arms and legs
- Hypercoagulable state (thrombophilia) evaluation
- Compression stockings and sleeves for management and prophylaxis against postphlebitic (postthrombotic) syndrome[1]
VTE in cancer patients
Guidelines
- ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2013 update: Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, Clarke JM, Flowers CR, Francis CW, Gates LE, Kakkar AK, Key NS, Levine MN, Liebman HA, Tempero MA, Wong SL, Prestrud AA, Falanga A; American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jun 10;31(17):2189-204. Epub 2013 May 13. Review. link to original article PubMed
- ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment 2014 update: Lyman GH, Bohlke K, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Lee AY, Arcelus JI, Balaban EP, Clarke JM, Flowers CR, Francis CW, Gates LE, Kakkar AK, Key NS, Levine MN, Liebman HA, Tempero MA, Wong SL, Somerfield MR, Falanga A; American Society of Clinical Oncology. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update 2014. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Feb 20;33(6):654-6. Epub 2015 Jan 20. link to original article PubMed
Randomized trials
- Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. link to original article PubMed
- CLOT: Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. link to original article PubMed
- Posthoc analysis: Lee AY, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Gent M, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Levine MN. Randomized comparison of low molecular weight heparin and coumarin derivatives on the survival of patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 1;23(10):2123-9. Epub 2005 Feb 7. link to original article PubMed
- LITE: Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. link to original article PubMed
Treatments
- Apixaban (Eliquis)
- Argatroban (Acova)
- Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
- Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
- Dalteparin (Fragmin)
- Edoxaban (Savaysa)
- Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- Fondaparinux (Arixtra)
- Heparin
- Lepirudin (Refludan)
- Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
- Tinzaparin (Innohep) (withdrawn from US market)
- Warfarin (Coumadin)
References
These are all randomized studies, some on very large groups of patients. We will consider reorganizing this list in the future to the actual medications. Note that many of these trials were for indications other than VTE.
- Meyer G, Marjanovic Z, Valcke J, Lorcerie B, Gruel Y, Solal-Celigny P, Le Maignan C, Extra JM, Cottu P, Farge D. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Aug 12-26;162(15):1729-35. link to original article PubMed
- CLOT: Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI, Bowden C, Kakkar AK, Prins M, Rickles FR, Julian JA, Haley S, Kovacs MJ, Gent M; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 10;349(2):146-53. link to original article PubMed
- LITE: Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF, Mah AF, Burke N, Dear R, Wong T, Cook R, Solymoss S, Poon MC, Raskob G; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med. 2006 Dec;119(12):1062-72. link to original article PubMed
- RE-LY: Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD, Wallentin L; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1139-51. Epub 2009 Aug 30. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 4;363(19):1877. link to original article PubMed
- RE-COVER: Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Mismetti P, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Schnee J, Goldhaber SZ; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 10;361(24):2342-52. link to original article PubMed
- EINSTEIN-DVT: EINSTEIN Investigators, Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2499-510. Epub 2010 Dec 3. link to original article PubMed
- APPRAISE-2: Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, Kilaru R, He Y, Mohan P, Bhatt DL, Goodman S, Verheugt FW, Flather M, Huber K, Liaw D, Husted SE, Lopez-Sendon J, De Caterina R, Jansky P, Darius H, Vinereanu D, Cornel JH, Cools F, Atar D, Leiva-Pons JL, Keltai M, Ogawa H, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Ruzyllo W, Diaz R, White H, Ruda M, Geraldes M, Lawrence J, Harrington RA, Wallentin L; APPRAISE-2 Investigators. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 25;365(8):699-708. Epub 2011 Jul 24. link to original article PubMed
- ROCKET AF: Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 8;365(10):883-91. Epub 2011 Aug 10. link to original article PubMed
- ARISTOTLE: Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J, Wallentin L; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):981-92. Epub 2011 Aug 27. link to original article PubMed
- ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51: Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Bassand JP, Bhatt DL, Bode C, Burton P, Cohen M, Cook-Bruns N, Fox KA, Goto S, Murphy SA, Plotnikov AN, Schneider D, Sun X, Verheugt FW, Gibson CM; ATLAS ACS 2–TIMI 51 Investigators. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 5;366(1):9-19. Epub 2011 Nov 13. link to original article PubMed
- EINSTEIN-PE: EINSTEIN–PE Investigators, Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Apr 5;366(14):1287-97. Epub 2012 Mar 26. link to original article PubMed
- J-ROCKET AF: Hori M, Matsumoto M, Tanahashi N, Momomura S, Uchiyama S, Goto S, Izumi T, Koretsune Y, Kajikawa M, Kato M, Ueda H, Iwamoto K, Tajiri M; J-ROCKET AF study investigators. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation – the J-ROCKET AF study –. Circ J. 2012;76(9):2104-11. Epub 2012 Jun 5. link to original article PubMed
- PLIFY-EXT: Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Porcari A, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; PLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):699-708. Epub 2012 Dec 8. link to original article PubMed
- RE-MEDY: Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Baanstra D, Kvamme AM, Friedman J, Mismetti P, Goldhaber SZ; RE-MEDY Trial Investigators; RE-SONATE Trial Investigators. Extended use of dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 21;368(8):709-18. link to original article [PubMed
- AMPLIFY: Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, Curto M, Gallus AS, Johnson M, Masiukiewicz U, Pak R, Thompson J, Raskob GE, Weitz JI; AMPLIFY Investigators. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):799-808. Epub 2013 Jul 1. link to original article PubMed
- ENGAGE AF-TIMI-48: Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Špinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Investigators. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 28;369(22):2093-104. Epub 2013 Nov 19. link to original article PubMed
- HOKUSAI-VTE: Hokusai-VTE Investigators, Büller HR, Décousus H, Grosso MA, Mercuri M, Middeldorp S, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Schellong SM, Schwocho L, Segers A, Shi M, Verhamme P, Wells P. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1406-15. Epub 2013 Aug 31. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 23;370(4):390. link to original article PubMed
- Subset analysis: Raskob GE, van Es N, Segers A, Angchaisuksiri P, Oh D, Boda Z, Lyons RM, Meijer K, Gudz I, Weitz JI, Zhang G, Lanz H, Mercuri MF, Büller HR; Hokusai-VTE investigators. Edoxaban for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: results from a non-inferiority subgroup analysis of the Hokusai-VTE randomised, double-blind, double-dummy trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Aug;3(8):e379-87. Epub 2016 Jul 1. link to original article PubMed
- RE-COVER II: Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Goldhaber SZ, Schellong S, Eriksson H, Mismetti P, Christiansen AV, Friedman J, Le Maulf F, Peter N, Kearon C; RE-COVER II Trial Investigators. Treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with dabigatran or warfarin and pooled analysis. Circulation. 2014 Feb 18;129(7):764-72. Epub 2013 Dec 16. link to original article PubMed
- CATCH: Lee AY, Kamphuisen PW, Meyer G, Bauersachs R, Janas MS, Jarner MF, Khorana AA; CATCH Investigators. Tinzaparin vs Warfarin for Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):677-86. link to original article PubMed
Additional information
- ACCP Chest guidelines for antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease (2016)
- ACCP Chest Guidelines (2012) - Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th edition (2012)
- Bleeding risk on anticoagulation: HAS-BLED; HEMORR2HAGES