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The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the main prostate cancer page for current regimens.

12 regimens on this page 14 variants on this page

Definitive radiotherapy

Radiation therapy

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Pilepich et al. 1995	1987-1991	Phase 3 (C)	Flutamide, Goserelin, RT	Inferior DFS
Pilepich et al. 2001 (RTOG 86-10)	1987-1991	Phase 3 (C)	Flutamide, Goserelin, RT	Seems to have inferior cause-specific mortality
Pilepich et al. 1997 (RTOG 85-31)	1987-1992	Phase 3 (C)	Goserelin & RT	Inferior DFS
Bolla et al. 1997 (EORTC 22863)	1987-1995	Phase 3 (C)	Goserelin & RT	Inferior OS
Jones et al. 2011 (RTOG 94-08)	1994-2001	Phase 3 (C)	1a. Flutamide, Goserelin, RT 1b. Flutamide, Leuprolide, RT	Seems to have inferior OS
D'Amico et al. 2008 (DFCI 95-096)	1995-2001	Randomized (C)	Flutamide, Goserelin, RT	Inferior OS
Denham et al. 2005 (TROG 96.01)	1996-2000	Phase 3 (C)	1. Flutamide, Goserelin, RT; 3 months of ADT	Inferior EFS¹
Denham et al. 2005 (TROG 96.01)	1996-2000	Phase 3 (C)	2. Flutamide, Goserelin, RT; 6 months of ADT	Inferior OS¹
McPartlin et al. 2016 (PMH 9907)	1999-2006	Phase 3 (C)	Bicalutamide & RT	Did not meet primary endpoint of BFI
Krauss et al. 2023 (RTOG 0815)	2009-09 to 2016-03	Phase 3 (C)	ADT & RT	Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

¹Reported efficacy for TROG 96.01 is based on the 2011 update.
Note: Demonstrated to be inferior in almost all studies; here for reference purposes only.

Radiotherapy

External beam radiotherapy of varying doses (see papers for details)

References

Pilepich MV, Krall JM, al-Sarraf M, John MJ, Doggett RL, Sause WT, Lawton CA, Abrams RA, Rotman M, Rubin P, Shipley WU, Grignon D, Caplan R, Cox JD; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Androgen deprivation with radiation therapy compared with radiation therapy alone for locally advanced prostatic carcinoma: a randomized comparative trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Urology. 1995 Apr;45(4):616-23. link to original article PubMed
RTOG 85-31: Pilepich MV, Caplan R, Byhardt RW, Lawton CA, Gallagher MJ, Mesic JB, Hanks GE, Coughlin CT, Porter A, Shipley WU, Grignon D. Phase III trial of androgen suppression using goserelin in unfavorable-prognosis carcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive radiotherapy: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 85-31. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Mar;15(3):1013-21. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
1. Update: Lawton CA, Winter K, Murray K, Machtay M, Mesic JB, Hanks GE, Coughlin CT, Pilepich MV. Updated results of the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of androgen suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Mar 15;49(4):937-46. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
2. Update: Pilepich MV, Winter K, Lawton CA, Krisch RE, Wolkov HB, Movsas B, Hug EB, Asbell SO, Grignon D. Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in prostate carcinoma--long-term results of phase III RTOG 85-31. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Apr 1;61(5):1285-90. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
EORTC 22863: Bolla M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Gil T, Collette L, Pierart M. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 31;337(5):295-300. link to original article PubMed NCT00849082
1. Update: Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Mattelaer J, Lopez Torecilla J, Pfeffer JR, Lino Cutajar C, Zurlo A, Pierart M. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Jul 13;360(9327):103-6. link to original article PubMed
2. Update: Bolla M, Van Tienhoven G, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Billiet I, Torecilla JL, Pfeffer R, Cutajar CL, Van der Kwast T, Collette L. External irradiation with or without long-term androgen suppression for prostate cancer with high metastatic risk: 10-year results of an EORTC randomised study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1066-73. Epub 2010 Oct 7. link to original article PubMed
RTOG 86-10: Pilepich MV, Winter K, John MJ, Mesic JB, Sause W, Rubin P, Lawton C, Machtay M, Grignon D. Phase III radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) trial 86-10 of androgen deprivation adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Aug 1;50(5):1243-52. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
1. Update: Roach M 3rd, Bae K, Speight J, Wolkov HB, Rubin P, Lee RJ, Lawton C, Valicenti R, Grignon D, Pilepich MV. Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and external-beam radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term results of RTOG 8610. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 1;26(4):585-91. Epub 2008 Jan 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
TROG 96.01: Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, Joseph D, Mameghan H, Turner S, Matthews J, Franklin I, Atkinson C, North J, Poulsen M, Christie D, Spry NA, Tai KH, Wynne C, Duchesne G, Kovacev O, D'Este C; Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group. Short-term androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96.01 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005 Nov;6(11):841-50. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed ACTRN12607000237482
1. Update: Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, Joseph D, Turner S, Matthews J, Atkinson C, North J, Christie D, Spry NA, Tai KH, Wynne C, D'Este C. Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: 10-year data from the TROG 96.01 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011 May;12(5):451-9. link to original article PubMed
DFCI 95-096: D'Amico AV, Chen MH, Renshaw AA, Loffredo M, Kantoff PW. Androgen suppression and radiation vs radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Jan 23;299(3):289-95. link to original article PubMed content property of HemOnc.org NCT00116220
RTOG 94-08: Jones CU, Hunt D, McGowan DG, Amin MB, Chetner MP, Bruner DW, Leibenhaut MH, Husain SM, Rotman M, Souhami L, Sandler HM, Shipley WU. Radiotherapy and short-term androgen deprivation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jul 14;365(2):107-18. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00002597
PMH 9907: McPartlin AJ, Glicksman R, Pintilie M, Tsuji D, Mok G, Bayley A, Chung P, Bristow RG, Gospodarowicz MK, Catton CN, Milosevic M, Warde PR. PMH 9907: Long-term outcomes of a randomized phase 3 study of short-term bicalutamide hormone therapy and dose-escalated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer. 2016 Aug 15;122(16):2595-603. Epub 2016 May 24. link to original article PubMed
EORTC 22991: Bolla M, Maingon P, Carrie C, Villa S, Kitsios P, Poortmans PM, Sundar S, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Armstrong J, Bosset JF, Herrera FG, Pieters B, Slot A, Bahl A, Ben-Yosef R, Boehmer D, Scrase C, Renard L, Shash E, Coens C, van den Bergh AC, Collette L. Short androgen suppression and radiation dose escalation for intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer: results of EORTC trial 22991. J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 20;34(15):1748-56. Epub 2016 Mar 14. link to original article PubMed NCT00021450
1. Subgroup analysis: Bolla M, Neven A, Maingon P, Carrie C, Boladeras A, Andreopoulos D, Engelen A, Sundar S, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Armstrong J, Peignaux-Casasnovas K, Boustani J, Herrera FG, Pieters BR, Slot A, Bahl A, Scrase CD, Azria D, Jansa J, O'Sullivan JM, Van Den Bergh ACM, Collette L; EORTC Radiation Oncology Group. Short Androgen Suppression and Radiation Dose Escalation in Prostate Cancer: 12-Year Results of EORTC Trial 22991 in Patients With Localized Intermediate-Risk Disease. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Sep 20;39(27):3022-3033. Epub 2021 Jul 26. link to original article PubMed
RTOG 0815: Krauss DJ, Karrison T, Martinez AA, Morton G, Yan D, Bruner DW, Movsas B, Elshaikh M, Citrin D, Hershatter B, Michalski JM, Efstathiou JA, Currey A, Kavadi VS, Cury FL, Lock M, Raben A, Seaward SA, El-Gayed A, Rodgers JP, Sandler HM. Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy Alone or in Combination With Short-Term Androgen Deprivation for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: Results of a Phase III Multi-Institutional Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 10;41(17):3203-3216. Epub 2023 Apr 27. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed NCT00936390
1. PRO analysis: Movsas B, Rodgers JP, Elshaikh MA, Martinez AA, Morton GC, Krauss DJ, Yan D, Citrin DE, Hershatter BW, Michalski JM, Ellis RJ, Kavadi VS, Gore EM, Gustafson GS, Schulz CA, Velker VM, Olson AC, Cury FL, Papagikos MA, Karrison TG, Sandler HM, Bruner DW. Dose-Escalated Radiation Alone or in Combination With Short-Term Total Androgen Suppression for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: Patient-Reported Outcomes From NRG/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0815 Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 10;41(17):3217-3224. Epub 2023 Apr 27. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Hormonal therapy for locally advanced or metastatic disease

Castration

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Parmar et al. 1985	1984-01 to 1985-07	Phase 3 (C)	D-Trp-6-LHRH	Seems not superior
Soloway et al. 1991	NR	Phase 3 (C)	Goserelin	Did not meet efficacy endpoints
Robinson 1993 (EORTC 30805)	1981-1986	Phase 3 (C)	1. Castration & Cyproterone acetate 2. DES	Seems not superior
Kaisary et al. 1991	1983-1986	Phase 3 (C)	Goserelin	Did not meet efficacy endpoints
Keuppens et al. 1990 (EORTC 30853)	1986-1988	Phase 3 (C)	Flutamide & Goserelin	Seems to have inferior OS¹
Janknegt et al. 1993 (International Anandron Study)	1986-NR	Phase 3 (C)	Nilutamide & Orchiectomy	Inferior PFS
Bruun et al. 1996	NR	Phase 3 (C)	1. Buserelin 2. Estrogens	Seems not superior
Studer et al. 2004 (SAKK 08/88)	1988-1992	Phase 3 (C)	Orchiectomy; deferred	Seems not superior
Boccon-Gibod et al. 1997	1989-1991	Phase 3 (C)	Flutamide	Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
de Voogt et al. 1998 (EORTC 30843)	NR in abstract	Phase 3 (C)	Buserelin & Cyproterone acetate	Seems not superior
Eisenberger et al. 1998	1989-1994	Phase 3 (C)	Flutamide & Orchiectomy	Seems not superior
Tyrrell et al. 1998	NR in abstract	Phase 3 (C)	Bicalutamide	Seems not superior²
de Reijke et al. 1999	1990-1995	Phase 3 (C)	Mitomycin & Orchiectomy	Seems not superior
Millikan et al. 2008 (MDA DM95-231)	1996-2003	Phase 3 (C)	ADT & KA/VE	Seems not superior

¹Reported efficacy for EORTC 30853 is based on the 1998 final update.
²Reported efficacy for Tyrrell et al. 1998 is based on the 2000 update.
Note: This procedure is no longer widely used as monotherapy in the United States; included for reference purposes only.

Endocrine therapy

Bilateral orchiectomy

References

Parmar H, Phillips RH, Lightman SL, Edwards L, Allen L, Schally AV. Randomised controlled study of orchidectomy vs long-acting D-Trp-6-LHRH microcapsules in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Lancet. 1985 Nov 30;2(8466):1201-5. link to original article PubMed
EORTC 30853: Keuppens F, Denis L, Smith P, Carvalho AP, Newling D, Bond A, Sylvester R, De Pauw M, Vermeylen K, Ongena P; EORTC GU Group. Zoladex and flutamide versus bilateral orchiectomy: a randomized phase III EORTC 30853 study. Cancer. 1990 Sep 1;66(5 Suppl):1045-57. link to original article PubMed
1. Update: Denis LJ, Carnelro de Moura JL, Bono A, Sylvester R, Whelan P, Newling D, De Pauw M; EORTC GU Group. Goserelin acetate and flutamide versus bilateral orchiectomy: a phase III EORTC trial (30853). Urology. 1993 Aug;42(2):119-29. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
2. Update: Denis LJ, Keuppens F, Smith PH, Whelan P, de Moura JL, Newling D, Bono A, Sylvester R; EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the EORTC Data Center. Maximal androgen blockade: final analysis of EORTC phase III trial 30853. Eur Urol. 1998;33(2):144-51. link to original article PubMed
Soloway MS, Chodak G, Vogelzang NJ, Block NL, Schellhammer PF, Smith JA Jr, Scott M, Kennealey G, Gau TC; Zoladex Prostate Study Group. Zoladex versus orchiectomy in treatment of advanced prostate cancer: a randomized trial. Urology. 1991 Jan;37(1):46-51. link to original article PubMed
1. Update: Vogelzang NJ, Chodak GW, Soloway MS, Block NL, Schellhammer PF, Smith JA Jr, Caplan RJ, Kennealey GT; Zoladex Prostate Study Group. Goserelin versus orchiectomy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized trial. Urology. 1995 Aug;46(2):220-6. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
Kaisary AV, Tyrrell CJ, Peeling WB, Griffiths K. Comparison of LHRH analogue (Zoladex) with orchiectomy in patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Br J Urol. 1991 May;67(5):502-8. link to original article PubMed
International Anandron Study: Janknegt RA, Abbou CC, Bartoletti R, Bernstein-Hahn L, Bracken B, Brisset JM, Da Silva FC, Chisholm G, Crawford ED, Debruyne FM, Dijkman GD, Frick J, Goedhals J, Knönagel H, Venner PM. Orchiectomy and nilutamide or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer in a multinational double-blind randomized trial. J Urol. 1993 Jan;149(1):77-82. link to original article PubMed
1. Update: Janknegt RA; Anandron International Study Group. Total androgen blockade with the use of orchiectomy and nilutamide (Anandron) or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer. 1993 Dec 15;72(12 Suppl):3874-7. link to original article PubMed
2. Update: Dijkman GA, Janknegt RA, De Reijke TM, Debruyne FM; International Anandron Study Group. Long-term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization. J Urol. 1997 Jul;158(1):160-3. link to original article PubMed
3. Update: de Reijke T, Derobert E; Anandron /Nilutamide Study Group. Prognostic factor analysis in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated by castration plus anandron or placebo: a final update. Eur Urol. 2002 Aug;42(2):139-46. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
EORTC 30805: Robinson MR. A further analysis of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol 30805: orchidectomy versus orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus low-dose diethylstilbestrol. Cancer. 1993 Dec 15;72(12 Suppl):3855-7. link to original article PubMed
1. Update: Robinson MR, Smith PH, Richards B, Newling DW, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. The final analysis of the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Co-Operative Group phase III clinical trial (protocol 30805) comparing orchidectomy, orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate and low dose stilboestrol in the management of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Eur Urol. 1995;28(4):273-83. link to original article PubMed
Bruun E, Frimodt-Møller C; Danish Buserelin Study Group. The effect of Buserelin versus conventional antiandrogenic treatment in patients with T2-4NXM1 prostatic cancer; A prospective, randomized multicentre phase III trial. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1996 Aug;30(4):291-7. link to original article PubMed
Boccon-Gibod L, Fournier G, Bottet P, Marechal JM, Guiter J, Rischman P, Hubert J, Soret JY, Mangin P, Mallo C, Fraysse CE. Flutamide versus orchidectomy in the treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma. Eur Urol. 1997;32(4):391-5. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
EORTC 30843: de Voogt HJ, Studer U, Schröder FH, Klijn JG, de Pauw M, Sylvester R; EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Maximum androgen blockade using LHRH agonist buserelin in combination with short-term (two weeks) or long-term (continuous) cyproterone acetate is not superior to standard androgen deprivation in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final analysis of EORTC GU Group Trial 30843. Eur Urol. 1998;33(2):152-8. link to original article PubMed
Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Miller G, McLeod DG, Loehrer PJ, Wilding G, Sears K, Culkin DJ, Thompson IM Jr, Bueschen AJ, Lowe BA. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 8;339(15):1036-42. link to original article PubMed
Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Iversen P, Anderson JB, Baert L, Tammela T, Chamberlain M, Webster A, Blackledge G. A randomised comparison of 'Casodex' (bicalutamide) 150 mg monotherapy versus castration in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 1998;33(5):447-56. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
1. Update: Iversen P, Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Anderson JB, Van Poppel H, Tammela TL, Chamberlain M, Carroll K, Melezinek I. Bicalutamide monotherapy compared with castration in patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced prostate cancer: 6.3 years of followup. J Urol. 2000 Nov;164(5):1579-82. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
de Reijke TM, Keuppens FI, Whelan P, Kliment J, Robinson MR, Rea LA, Sylvester RJ; European Organisation for Research in Cancer Therapy Genitourinary Group. Orchiectomy and orchiectomy plus mitomycin C for metastatic prostate cancer in patients with poor prognosis: the final results of a European Organisation for Research in Cancer Therapy Genitourinary Group trial. J Urol. 1999 Nov;162(5):1658-64. link to original article PubMed
SAKK 08/88: Studer UE, Hauri D, Hanselmann S, Chollet D, Leisinger HJ, Gasser T, Senn E, Trinkler FB, Tscholl RM, Thalmann GN, Dietrich D. Immediate versus deferred hormonal treatment for patients with prostate cancer who are not suitable for curative local treatment: results of the randomized trial SAKK 08/88. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Oct 15;22(20):4109-18. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 1;23(4):936. link to original article PubMed
MDA DM95-231: Millikan RE, Wen S, Pagliaro LC, Brown MA, Moomey B, Do KA, Logothetis CJ. Phase III trial of androgen ablation with or without three cycles of systemic chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 20;26(36):5936-42. Epub 2008 Nov 24. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed NCT00002855
ECOG E8892: NCT00002881

Cortisone monotherapy

Regimen

Study	Evidence
Miller & Hinman 1954	Non-randomized

Endocrine therapy

Cortisone

References

Miller GM, Hinman F Jr. Cortisone treatment in advanced carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 1954 Sep;72(3):485-96. link to original article PubMed

Cyproterone acetate monotherapy

Regimen variant #1, IM

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Jacobi et al. 1980	NR	Phase 3 (E-switch-ic)	Estradiol undecylate	Seems to have superior ORR

Endocrine therapy

Cyproterone acetate (Androcur) 300 mg IM once on day 1

7-day cycles

Regimen variant #2, PO 200 mg/day

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Debruyne et al. 1998	1992-1994	Phase 3 (C)	Liarozole	Seems to have inferior OS

Endocrine therapy

Cyproterone acetate (Androcur) 100 mg PO twice per day

Continued indefinitely

Regimen variant #3, PO 250 mg/day

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Pavone-Macaluso et al. 1986 (EORTC 30761)	1977-1981	Phase 3 (E-switch-ic)	1. DES	Seems not superior
Pavone-Macaluso et al. 1986 (EORTC 30761)	1977-1981	Phase 3 (E-switch-ic)	2. MPA	Seems to have superior OS

Endocrine therapy

Cyproterone acetate (Androcur) 250 mg PO once per day

Continued indefinitely

References

Jacobi GH, Altwein JE, Kurth KH, Basting R, Hohenfellner R. Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer with parenteral cyproterone acetate: a phase III randomised trial. Br J Urol. 1980 Jun;52(3):208-15. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
EORTC 30761: Pavone-Macaluso M, de Voogt HJ, Viggiano G, Barasolo E, Lardennois B, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. Comparison of diethylstilbestrol, cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a randomized phase III trial of the European Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer Urological Group. J Urol. 1986 Sep;136(3):624-31. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
Debruyne FJ, Murray R, Fradet Y, Johansson JE, Tyrrell C, Boccardo F, Denis L, Marberger JM, Brune D, Rassweiler J, Vangeneugden T, Bruynseels J, Janssens M, De Porre P; Liarozole Study Group. Liarozole--a novel treatment approach for advanced prostate cancer: results of a large randomized trial versus cyproterone acetate. Urology. 1998 Jul;52(1):72-81. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

DES monotherapy

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Smith et al. 1986 (EORTC 30762)	1976-1980	Phase 3 (E-switch-ic)	Estramustine	Seems not superior
Osborne et al. 1990 (SWOG S8219)	1982-1986	Phase 3 (C)	AC & Orchiectomy	Seems not superior
Waymont et al. 1992	1985-1987	Phase 3 (C)	Goserelin	Seems to have inferior TTFR

Note: No longer used, but of historical interest.

Endocrine therapy

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) 3 mg PO once per day

Continued indefintely

References

EORTC 30762: Smith PH, Suciu S, Robinson MR, Richards B, Bastable JR, Glashan RW, Bouffioux C, Lardennois B, Williams RE, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. A comparison of the effect of diethylstilbestrol with low dose estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a phase III trial of the European Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer. J Urol. 1986 Sep;136(3):619-23. link to original article PubMed
SWOG S8219: Osborne CK, Blumenstein B, Crawford ED, Coltman CA Jr, Smith AY, Lambuth BW, Chapman RA. Combined versus sequential chemo-endocrine therapy in advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1990 Oct;8(10):1675-82. link to original article PubMed
Waymont B, Lynch TH, Dunn JA, Emtage LA, Arkell DG, Wallace DM, Blackledge GR. Phase III randomised study of zoladex versus stilboestrol in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Br J Urol. 1992 Jun;69(6):614-20. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Chemotherapy for metastatic disease

CMF

CMF: Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study	Evidence
Wozniak et al. 1993	Phase 2

Note: This regimen is "minimally active in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer" per Wozniak et al. 1993 and is included for historical reference only.

Chemotherapy

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 100 mg/m² PO once per day on days 1 to 7
Methotrexate (MTX) 15 mg/m² IV once on day 1
Fluorouracil (5-FU) 300 mg/m² IV once on day 1

7-day cycles

References

Wozniak AJ, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Boileau M, Rivkin SE, Fletcher WS; SWOG. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer. 1993 Jun 15;71(12):3975-8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Suramin monotherapy

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Small et al. 2002 (CALGB 9480)	1995-12 to 1996-12	Phase 3 (C)	1. Suramin; intermediate-dose 2. Suramin; high-dose	Did not meet primary endpoint of RR

Chemotherapy

Suramin (Antrypol) as follows:
- Cycle 1: 600 mg/m² IV once on day 1, then 300 mg/m² IV once per day on days 2 & 8, then 240 mg/m² IV once on day 9
- Cycle 2: 300 mg/m² IV once on day 1, then 240 mg/m² IV once per day on days 2 & 8, then 192 mg/m² IV once on day 9
- Cycle 3: 240 mg/m² IV once on day 1, then 192 mg/m² IV once per day on days 2 & 8, then 156 mg/m² IV once on day 9

28-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

CALGB 9480: Small EJ, Halabi S, Ratain MJ, Rosner G, Stadler W, Palchak D, Marshall E, Rago R, Hars V, Wilding G, Petrylak D, Vogelzang NJ. Randomized study of three different doses of suramin administered with a fixed dosing schedule in patients with advanced prostate cancer: results of intergroup 0159, cancer and leukemia group B 9480. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Aug 15;20(16):3369-75. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00002723

Suramin & Hydrocortisone

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Small et al. 2000	1994-1996	Phase 3 (E-esc)	Hydrocortisone	Superior TTP (secondary endpoint)

Endocrine therapy

Hydrocortisone (Cortef) 40 mg/day PO

Chemotherapy

Suramin (Antrypol) 1000 mg/m² IV over 2 hours once on day 1, then 400 mg/m² IV over 60 minutes once on day 2, then 300 mg/m² IV over 60 minutes once on day 3, then 250 mg/m² IV over 60 minutes once on day 4, then 200 mg/m² IV over 60 minutes once on day 5, then 275 mg/m² IV over 60 minutes once per day on days 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78

78-day course

References

Small EJ, Meyer M, Marshall ME, Reyno LM, Meyers FJ, Natale RB, Lenehan PF, Chen L, Slichenmyer WJ, Eisenberger M. Suramin therapy for patients with symptomatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of a randomized phase III trial comparing suramin plus hydrocortisone to placebo plus hydrocortisone. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Apr;18(7):1440-50. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Therapy for metastatic castrate-resistant disease

Aspirin & Dexamethasone

DA: Dexamethasone & Aspirin

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Shamash et al. 2011 (BARTS-DAVDAS)	2001-2008	Phase 3 (C)	Aspirin, Dexamethasone, Diethylstilbestrol	Seems not superior

Endocrine therapy

Dexamethasone (Decadron) 2 mg PO once per day

Supportive therapy

Aspirin 75 mg PO once per day
Ranitidine (Zantac) 150 mg PO twice per day

Continued indefinitely

References

BARTS-DAVDAS: Shamash J, Powles T, Sarker SJ, Protheroe A, Mithal N, Mills R, Beard R, Wilson P, Tranter N, O'Brien N, McFaul S, Oliver T. A multi-centre randomised phase III trial of dexamethasone vs dexamethasone and diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer: immediate vs deferred diethylstilbestrol. Br J Cancer. 2011 Feb 15;104(4):620-8. Epub 2011 Feb 1. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00316927

Cyclophosphamide monotherapy

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Saxman et al. 1992	1984-1989	Phase 3 (C)	CAM	Seems not superior

Chemotherapy

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 1000 mg/m² IV once on day 1

21-day cycles

References

Saxman S, Ansari R, Drasga R, Miller M, Wheeler B, McClean J, Einhorn L; Hoosier Oncology Group. Phase III trial of cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in hormone-refractory prostatic cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study. Cancer. 1992 Nov 15;70(10):2488-92. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone, Diethylstilbestrol

CPD: Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone, Diethylstilbestrol

Regimen

Study	Evidence	Efficacy
Hellerstedt et al. 2003	Phase 2	50% or greater decline in PSA: 42%

Chemotherapy

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 100 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 20

Endocrine therapy

Prednisone (Sterapred) 10 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 30
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) 1 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 30

Supportive therapy

Warfarin (Coumadin) 1 mg PO once per day to decrease risk of DVT

30-day cycles

References

Hellerstedt B, Pienta KJ, Redman BG, Esper P, Dunn R, Fardig J, Olson K, Smith DC. Phase II trial of oral cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and diethylstilbestrol for androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2003 Oct 15;98(8):1603-10. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Doxorubicin monotherapy

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Leaf et al. 2003 (ECOG E3882)	1983-1986	Phase 3 (C)	Doxorubicin & DES	Seems not superior
Tu et al. 2001	1996-1999	Randomized Phase 2 (C)	Doxorubicin & Strontium-89	Inferior OS

Chemotherapy

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 50 mg/m² IV once on day 1

21-day cycles

References

Tu SM, Millikan RE, Mengistu B, Delpassand ES, Amato RJ, Pagliaro LC, Daliani D, Papandreou CN, Smith TL, Kim J, Podoloff DA, Logothetis CJ. Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):336-41. Erratum in: Lancet 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1210. link to original article PubMed
ECOG E3882: Leaf AN, Propert K, Corcoran C, Catalano PJ, Trump DL, Harris JE, Davis TE. Phase III study of combined chemohormonal therapy in metastatic prostate cancer (ECOG 3882): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. Med Oncol. 2003;20(2):137-46. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Doxorubicin & Strontium-89

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Tu et al. 2001	1996-1999	Randomized Phase 2 (E-esc)	Doxorubicin	Superior OS

References

Tu SM, Millikan RE, Mengistu B, Delpassand ES, Amato RJ, Pagliaro LC, Daliani D, Papandreou CN, Smith TL, Kim J, Podoloff DA, Logothetis CJ. Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):336-41. Erratum in: Lancet 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1210. link to original article PubMed

Vinblastine monotherapy

Regimen

Study	Dates of enrollment	Evidence	Comparator	Comparative Efficacy
Hudes et al. 1999	1993-1995	Phase 3 (C)	Estramustine & Vinblastine	Might have inferior OS

Chemotherapy

Vinblastine (Velban) 4 mg/m² IV bolus once per day on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36

8-week cycles

References

Hudes G, Einhorn L, Ross E, Balsham A, Loehrer P, Ramsey H, Sprandio J, Entmacher M, Dugan W, Ansari R, Monaco F, Hanna M, Roth B; Hoosier Oncology Group; Fox Chase Network. Vinblastine versus vinblastine plus oral estramustine phosphate for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: A Hoosier Oncology Group and Fox Chase Network phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Oct;17(10):3160-6. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract' PubMed

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[#top|Back to Top]]
 </div>
-The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. As a general rule, this includes the inferior arm(s) of a randomized study, unless said regimens continue to be recommended by trustworthy sources such as the [http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp NCCN Guidelines]. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the [[Prostate_cancer|main prostate cancer page]] for current regimens.
+The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the [[Prostate_cancer|main prostate cancer page]] for current regimens.
 {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-right: 5px;"
 |-
@@ Line 10: / Line 9: @@
 <div style="background-color: #deebf6; border: 1px solid #808000; padding: 5px; {{border-radius|16px}}"><font size="4"><b>{{#ask: [[-Has subobject::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]  |?Variant |limit=10000|format=sum}} [[Tutorial#Variants|variants]] on this page</b></font></div>
 |}
 {{TOC limit|limit=3}}
 =Definitive radiotherapy=
 ==Radiation therapy==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
+|-
+|[https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)80053-3 Pilepich et al. 1995]
+|1987-1991
+| style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
+|[[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Goserelin.2C_RT|Flutamide, Goserelin, RT]]
+|style="background-color:#d73027"|Inferior DFS
 |-
 |[https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01579-6 Pilepich et al. 2001 (RTOG 86-10)]
@@ Line 45: / Line 48: @@
 |1994-2001
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|1. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Goserelin.2C_RT|Flutamide, Goserelin, RT]]<br>2. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Leuprolide.2C_RT|Flutamide, Leuprolide, RT]]
+|1a. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Goserelin.2C_RT|Flutamide, Goserelin, RT]]<br>1b. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Leuprolide.2C_RT|Flutamide, Leuprolide, RT]]
 |style="background-color:#fc8d59"|Seems to have inferior OS
 |-
@@ Line 57: / Line 60: @@
 |rowspan=2|1996-2000
 |rowspan=2 style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|1. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Goserelin.2C_RT|Flutamide & Goserelin x 3 mo, RT]]
+|1. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Goserelin.2C_RT|Flutamide, Goserelin, RT]]; 3 months of ADT
 |style="background-color:#d73027"|Inferior EFS<sup>1</sup>
 |-
-|2. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Goserelin.2C_RT|Flutamide & Goserelin x 6 mo, RT]]
+|2. [[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide.2C_Goserelin.2C_RT|Flutamide, Goserelin, RT]]; 6 months of ADT
 |style="background-color:#d73027"|Inferior OS<sup>1</sup>
 |-
@@ Line 66: / Line 69: @@
 |1999-2006
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Bicalutamide_.26_RT_99|Bicalutamide & RT]]
+|[[#Bicalutamide_.26_RT_999|Bicalutamide & RT]]
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Did not meet primary endpoint of BFI
+|-
+|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10489479/ Krauss et al. 2023 (RTOG 0815)]
+|2009-09 to 2016-03
+|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
+|[[#ADT_.26_RT_999|ADT & RT]]
+|style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
 |-
 |}
 ''<sup>1</sup>Reported efficacy for TROG 96.01 is based on the 2011 update.''<br>
-''Demonstrated to be inferior in almost all studies; here for reference purposes only.''
+''Note: Demonstrated to be inferior in almost all studies; here for reference purposes only.''
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Radiotherapy====
 *[[External beam radiotherapy]] of varying doses (see papers for details)
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# '''RTOG 85-31:''' Pilepich MV, Caplan R, Byhardt RW, Lawton CA, Gallagher MJ, Mesic JB, Hanks GE, Coughlin CT, Porter A, Shipley WU, Grignon D. Phase III trial of androgen suppression using goserelin in unfavorable-prognosis carcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive radiotherapy: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 85-31. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Mar;15(3):1013-21. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.1013 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9060541 PubMed]
+#Pilepich MV, Krall JM, al-Sarraf M, John MJ, Doggett RL, Sause WT, Lawton CA, Abrams RA, Rotman M, Rubin P, Shipley WU, Grignon D, Caplan R, Cox JD; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Androgen deprivation with radiation therapy compared with radiation therapy alone for locally advanced prostatic carcinoma: a randomized comparative trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Urology. 1995 Apr;45(4):616-23. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)80053-3 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7716842/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Lawton CA, Winter K, Murray K, Machtay M, Mesic JB, Hanks GE, Coughlin CT, Pilepich MV. Updated results of the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of androgen suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Mar 15;49(4):937-46. [http://www.redjournal.org/article/S0360-3016%2800)01516-9 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11240234 PubMed]
+# '''RTOG 85-31:''' Pilepich MV, Caplan R, Byhardt RW, Lawton CA, Gallagher MJ, Mesic JB, Hanks GE, Coughlin CT, Porter A, Shipley WU, Grignon D. Phase III trial of androgen suppression using goserelin in unfavorable-prognosis carcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive radiotherapy: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 85-31. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Mar;15(3):1013-21. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.1013 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9060541/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Pilepich MV, Winter K, Lawton CA, Krisch RE, Wolkov HB, Movsas B, Hug EB, Asbell SO, Grignon D. Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in prostate carcinoma--long-term results of phase III RTOG 85-31. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Apr 1;61(5):1285-90. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.08.047 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817329 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Lawton CA, Winter K, Murray K, Machtay M, Mesic JB, Hanks GE, Coughlin CT, Pilepich MV. Updated results of the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of androgen suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Mar 15;49(4):937-46. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(00)01516-9 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11240234/ PubMed]
-# '''EORTC 22863:''' Bolla M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Gil T, Collette L, Pierart M. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 31;337(5):295-300. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199707313370502 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9233866 PubMed] NCT00849082
+## '''Update:''' Pilepich MV, Winter K, Lawton CA, Krisch RE, Wolkov HB, Movsas B, Hug EB, Asbell SO, Grignon D. Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in prostate carcinoma--long-term results of phase III RTOG 85-31. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Apr 1;61(5):1285-90. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.08.047 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817329/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Mattelaer J, Lopez Torecilla J, Pfeffer JR, Lino Cutajar C, Zurlo A, Pierart M. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Jul 13;360(9327):103-6. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09408-4 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12126818 PubMed]
+# '''EORTC 22863:''' Bolla M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Gil T, Collette L, Pierart M. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 31;337(5):295-300. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199707313370502 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9233866/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00849082 NCT00849082]
-## '''Update:''' Bolla M, Van Tienhoven G, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Billiet I, Torecilla JL, Pfeffer R, Cutajar CL, Van der Kwast T, Collette L. External irradiation with or without long-term androgen suppression for prostate cancer with high metastatic risk: 10-year results of an EORTC randomised study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1066-73. Epub 2010 Oct 7. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70223-0 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20933466 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Mattelaer J, Lopez Torecilla J, Pfeffer JR, Lino Cutajar C, Zurlo A, Pierart M. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Jul 13;360(9327):103-6. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09408-4 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12126818/ PubMed]
-# '''RTOG 86-10:''' Pilepich MV, Winter K, John MJ, Mesic JB, Sause W, Rubin P, Lawton C, Machtay M, Grignon D. Phase III radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) trial 86-10 of androgen deprivation adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Aug 1;50(5):1243-52. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01579-6 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11483335 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Bolla M, Van Tienhoven G, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Billiet I, Torecilla JL, Pfeffer R, Cutajar CL, Van der Kwast T, Collette L. External irradiation with or without long-term androgen suppression for prostate cancer with high metastatic risk: 10-year results of an EORTC randomised study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1066-73. Epub 2010 Oct 7. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70223-0 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20933466/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Roach M 3rd, Bae K, Speight J, Wolkov HB, Rubin P, Lee RJ, Lawton C, Valicenti R, Grignon D, Pilepich MV. Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and external-beam radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term results of RTOG 8610. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 1;26(4):585-91. Epub 2008 Jan 2. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.13.9881 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18172188 PubMed]
+# '''RTOG 86-10:''' Pilepich MV, Winter K, John MJ, Mesic JB, Sause W, Rubin P, Lawton C, Machtay M, Grignon D. Phase III radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) trial 86-10 of androgen deprivation adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Aug 1;50(5):1243-52. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01579-6 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11483335/ PubMed]
-# '''TROG 96.01:''' Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, Joseph D, Mameghan H, Turner S, Matthews J, Franklin I, Atkinson C, North J, Poulsen M, Christie D, Spry NA, Tai KH, Wynne C, Duchesne G, Kovacev O, D'Este C; Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group. Short-term androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96.01 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005 Nov;6(11):841-50. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70348-X link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16257791 PubMed] ACTRN12607000237482
+## '''Update:''' Roach M 3rd, Bae K, Speight J, Wolkov HB, Rubin P, Lee RJ, Lawton C, Valicenti R, Grignon D, Pilepich MV. Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and external-beam radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term results of RTOG 8610. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 1;26(4):585-91. Epub 2008 Jan 2. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.13.9881 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18172188/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, Joseph D, Turner S, Matthews J, Atkinson C, North J, Christie D, Spry NA, Tai KH, Wynne C, D'Este C. Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: 10-year data from the TROG 96.01 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011 May;12(5):451-9. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70063-8 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21440505 PubMed]
+# '''TROG 96.01:''' Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, Joseph D, Mameghan H, Turner S, Matthews J, Franklin I, Atkinson C, North J, Poulsen M, Christie D, Spry NA, Tai KH, Wynne C, Duchesne G, Kovacev O, D'Este C; Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group. Short-term androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96.01 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005 Nov;6(11):841-50. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70348-X link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16257791/ PubMed] ACTRN12607000237482
-# '''DFCI 95-096:''' D'Amico AV, Chen MH, Renshaw AA, Loffredo M, Kantoff PW. Androgen suppression and radiation vs radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Jan 23;299(3):289-95. [http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/299/3/289.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18212313 PubMed] content property of [http://hemonc.org HemOnc.org] NCT00116220
+## '''Update:''' Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, Joseph D, Turner S, Matthews J, Atkinson C, North J, Christie D, Spry NA, Tai KH, Wynne C, D'Este C. Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: 10-year data from the TROG 96.01 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011 May;12(5):451-9. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70063-8 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21440505/ PubMed]
-# '''RTOG 94-08:''' Jones CU, Hunt D, McGowan DG, Amin MB, Chetner MP, Bruner DW, Leibenhaut MH, Husain SM, Rotman M, Souhami L, Sandler HM, Shipley WU. Radiotherapy and short-term androgen deprivation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jul 14;365(2):107-18. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1012348 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21751904 PubMed] NCT00002597
+# '''DFCI 95-096:''' D'Amico AV, Chen MH, Renshaw AA, Loffredo M, Kantoff PW. Androgen suppression and radiation vs radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Jan 23;299(3):289-95. [http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/299/3/289.long link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18212313/ PubMed] content property of [https://hemonc.org HemOnc.org] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00116220 NCT00116220]
-# '''PMH 9907:''' McPartlin AJ, Glicksman R, Pintilie M, Tsuji D, Mok G, Bayley A, Chung P, Bristow RG, Gospodarowicz MK, Catton CN, Milosevic M, Warde PR. PMH 9907: Long-term outcomes of a randomized phase 3 study of short-term bicalutamide hormone therapy and dose-escalated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer. 2016 Aug 15;122(16):2595-603. Epub 2016 May 24. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30093 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27219522 PubMed]
+# '''RTOG 94-08:''' Jones CU, Hunt D, McGowan DG, Amin MB, Chetner MP, Bruner DW, Leibenhaut MH, Husain SM, Rotman M, Souhami L, Sandler HM, Shipley WU. Radiotherapy and short-term androgen deprivation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jul 14;365(2):107-18. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1012348 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21751904/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00002597 NCT00002597]
-#'''EORTC 22991:''' Bolla M, Maingon P, Carrie C, Villa S, Kitsios P, Poortmans PM, Sundar S, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Armstrong J, Bosset JF, Herrera FG, Pieters B, Slot A, Bahl A, Ben-Yosef R, Boehmer D, Scrase C, Renard L, Shash E, Coens C, van den Bergh AC, Collette L. Short androgen suppression and radiation dose escalation for intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer: results of EORTC trial 22991. J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 20;34(15):1748-56. Epub 2016 Mar 14. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.8055 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26976418 PubMed] NCT00021450
+# '''PMH 9907:''' McPartlin AJ, Glicksman R, Pintilie M, Tsuji D, Mok G, Bayley A, Chung P, Bristow RG, Gospodarowicz MK, Catton CN, Milosevic M, Warde PR. PMH 9907: Long-term outcomes of a randomized phase 3 study of short-term bicalutamide hormone therapy and dose-escalated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer. 2016 Aug 15;122(16):2595-603. Epub 2016 May 24. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30093 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27219522/ PubMed]
+#'''EORTC 22991:''' Bolla M, Maingon P, Carrie C, Villa S, Kitsios P, Poortmans PM, Sundar S, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Armstrong J, Bosset JF, Herrera FG, Pieters B, Slot A, Bahl A, Ben-Yosef R, Boehmer D, Scrase C, Renard L, Shash E, Coens C, van den Bergh AC, Collette L. Short androgen suppression and radiation dose escalation for intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer: results of EORTC trial 22991. J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 20;34(15):1748-56. Epub 2016 Mar 14. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.8055 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26976418/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00021450 NCT00021450]
 ##'''Subgroup analysis:''' Bolla M, Neven A, Maingon P, Carrie C, Boladeras A, Andreopoulos D, Engelen A, Sundar S, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Armstrong J, Peignaux-Casasnovas K, Boustani J, Herrera FG, Pieters BR, Slot A, Bahl A, Scrase CD, Azria D, Jansa J, O'Sullivan JM, Van Den Bergh ACM, Collette L; EORTC Radiation Oncology Group. Short Androgen Suppression and Radiation Dose Escalation in Prostate Cancer: 12-Year Results of EORTC Trial 22991 in Patients With Localized Intermediate-Risk Disease. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Sep 20;39(27):3022-3033. Epub 2021 Jul 26. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00855 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310202/ PubMed]
+#'''RTOG 0815:''' Krauss DJ, Karrison T, Martinez AA, Morton G, Yan D, Bruner DW, Movsas B, Elshaikh M, Citrin D, Hershatter B, Michalski JM, Efstathiou JA, Currey A, Kavadi VS, Cury FL, Lock M, Raben A, Seaward SA, El-Gayed A, Rodgers JP, Sandler HM. Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy Alone or in Combination With Short-Term Androgen Deprivation for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: Results of a Phase III Multi-Institutional Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 10;41(17):3203-3216. Epub 2023 Apr 27. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.22.02390 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10489479/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37104748/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00936390 NCT00936390]
+##'''PRO analysis:''' Movsas B, Rodgers JP, Elshaikh MA, Martinez AA, Morton GC, Krauss DJ, Yan D, Citrin DE, Hershatter BW, Michalski JM, Ellis RJ, Kavadi VS, Gore EM, Gustafson GS, Schulz CA, Velker VM, Olson AC, Cury FL, Papagikos MA, Karrison TG, Sandler HM, Bruner DW. Dose-Escalated Radiation Alone or in Combination With Short-Term Total Androgen Suppression for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: Patient-Reported Outcomes From NRG/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0815 Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 10;41(17):3217-3224. Epub 2023 Apr 27. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.02389 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10256387/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37104723/ PubMed]
 =Hormonal therapy for locally advanced or metastatic disease=
 ==Castration==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 104: / Line 118: @@
 |-
 |[https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90739-1 Parmar et al. 1985]
-|1984-1985
+|1984-01 to 1985-07
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#D-Trp-6-LHRH_monotherapy_77|D-Trp-6-LHRH]]
+|[[#D-Trp-6-LHRH_monotherapy_999|D-Trp-6-LHRH]]
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 118: / Line 132: @@
 |1981-1986
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|1. [[#Castration_.26_Cyproterone_acetate_99|Castration & Cyproterone acetate]]<br>2. [[#DES_monotherapy|DES]]
+|1. [[#Castration_.26_Cyproterone_acetate_999|Castration & Cyproterone acetate]]<br>2. [[#DES_monotherapy|DES]]
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 142: / Line 156: @@
 |NR
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|1. [[#Buserelin_monotherapy_77|Buserelin]]<br>2. Estrogens
+|1. [[#Buserelin_monotherapy_999|Buserelin]]<br>2. Estrogens
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 155: / Line 169: @@
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
 |[[Prostate_cancer#Flutamide_monotherapy|Flutamide]]
-|style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
+|style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
 |-
 |[https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/19547 de Voogt et al. 1998 (EORTC 30843)]
 |NR in abstract
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Buserelin_.26_Cyproterone_acetate_77|Buserelin & Cyproterone acetate]]
+|[[#Buserelin_.26_Cyproterone_acetate_999|Buserelin & Cyproterone acetate]]
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 166: / Line 180: @@
 |1989-1994
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Flutamide_.26_Orchiectomy_99|Flutamide & Orchiectomy]]
+|[[#Flutamide_.26_Orchiectomy_999|Flutamide & Orchiectomy]]
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 |-
-|[https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/19634 Tyrrell et al. 1998]
+|[https://doi.org/10.1159/000019634 Tyrrell et al. 1998]
 |NR in abstract
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
@@ Line 175: / Line 189: @@
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior<sup>2</sup>
 |-
-|[https://www.auajournals.org/doi/full/10.1016/S0022-5347%2805)68191-8 de Reijke et al. 1999]
+|[https://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199911000-00023 de Reijke et al. 1999]
 |1990-1995
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Mitomycin_.26_Orchiectomy_99|Mitomycin & Orchiectomy]]
+|[[#Mitomycin_.26_Orchiectomy_999|Mitomycin & Orchiectomy]]
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 184: / Line 198: @@
 |1996-2003
 |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#ADT_.26_KA.2FVE_99|ADT & KA/VE]]
+|[[#ADT_.26_KA.2FVE_999|ADT & KA/VE]]
 |style="background-color:#ffffbf"|Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 190: / Line 204: @@
 ''<sup>1</sup>Reported efficacy for EORTC 30853 is based on the 1998 final update.''<br>
 ''<sup>2</sup>Reported efficacy for Tyrrell et al. 1998 is based on the 2000 update.''<br>
-''No longer widely used as monotherapy in the United States; included for reference purposes only.''
+''Note: This procedure is no longer widely used as monotherapy in the United States; included for reference purposes only.''
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Endocrine therapy====
-*[[Endocrine_ablation_surgery#Bilateral_orchiectomy|Bilateral orchiectomy]]
+*[[Bilateral_orchiectomy|Bilateral orchiectomy]]
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Parmar H, Phillips RH, Lightman SL, Edwards L, Allen L, Schally AV. Randomised controlled study of orchidectomy vs long-acting D-Trp-6-LHRH microcapsules in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Lancet. 1985 Nov 30;2(8466):1201-5. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90739-1 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2866289 PubMed]
+# Parmar H, Phillips RH, Lightman SL, Edwards L, Allen L, Schally AV. Randomised controlled study of orchidectomy vs long-acting D-Trp-6-LHRH microcapsules in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Lancet. 1985 Nov 30;2(8466):1201-5. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90739-1 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2866289/ PubMed]
 #'''EORTC 30853:''' Keuppens F, Denis L, Smith P, Carvalho AP, Newling D, Bond A, Sylvester R, De Pauw M, Vermeylen K, Ongena P; EORTC GU Group. Zoladex and flutamide versus bilateral orchiectomy: a randomized phase III EORTC 30853 study. Cancer. 1990 Sep 1;66(5 Suppl):1045-57. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.1990.66.s5.1045 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2144206/ PubMed]
-##'''Update:''' Denis LJ, Carnelro de Moura JL, Bono A, Sylvester R, Whelan P, Newling D, De Pauw M; [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] GU Group. Goserelin acetate and flutamide versus bilateral orchiectomy: a phase III EORTC trial (30853). Urology. 1993 Aug;42(2):119-29. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(93)90634-M link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8367920 PubMed]
+##'''Update:''' Denis LJ, Carnelro de Moura JL, Bono A, Sylvester R, Whelan P, Newling D, De Pauw M; [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] GU Group. Goserelin acetate and flutamide versus bilateral orchiectomy: a phase III EORTC trial (30853). Urology. 1993 Aug;42(2):119-29. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(93)90634-M link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8367920/ PubMed]
-##'''Update:''' Denis LJ, Keuppens F, Smith PH, Whelan P, de Moura JL, Newling D, Bono A, Sylvester R; [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the EORTC Data Center. Maximal androgen blockade: final analysis of EORTC phase III trial 30853. Eur Urol. 1998;33(2):144-51. [https://doi.org/10.1159/000019546 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9519355 PubMed]
+##'''Update:''' Denis LJ, Keuppens F, Smith PH, Whelan P, de Moura JL, Newling D, Bono A, Sylvester R; [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the EORTC Data Center. Maximal androgen blockade: final analysis of EORTC phase III trial 30853. Eur Urol. 1998;33(2):144-51. [https://doi.org/10.1159/000019546 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9519355/ PubMed]
-# Soloway MS, Chodak G, Vogelzang NJ, Block NL, Schellhammer PF, Smith JA Jr, Scott M, Kennealey G, Gau TC; Zoladex Prostate Study Group. Zoladex versus orchiectomy in treatment of advanced prostate cancer: a randomized trial. Urology. 1991 Jan;37(1):46-51. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(91)80077-K link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1824732 PubMed]
+# Soloway MS, Chodak G, Vogelzang NJ, Block NL, Schellhammer PF, Smith JA Jr, Scott M, Kennealey G, Gau TC; Zoladex Prostate Study Group. Zoladex versus orchiectomy in treatment of advanced prostate cancer: a randomized trial. Urology. 1991 Jan;37(1):46-51. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(91)80077-K link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1824732/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Vogelzang NJ, Chodak GW, Soloway MS, Block NL, Schellhammer PF, Smith JA Jr, Caplan RJ, Kennealey GT; Zoladex Prostate Study Group. Goserelin versus orchiectomy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized trial. Urology. 1995 Aug;46(2):220-6. [http://www.goldjournal.net/article/S0090-4295(99)80197-6 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7624991 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Vogelzang NJ, Chodak GW, Soloway MS, Block NL, Schellhammer PF, Smith JA Jr, Caplan RJ, Kennealey GT; Zoladex Prostate Study Group. Goserelin versus orchiectomy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized trial. Urology. 1995 Aug;46(2):220-6. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80197-6 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7624991/ PubMed]
-# Kaisary AV, Tyrrell CJ, Peeling WB, Griffiths K. Comparison of LHRH analogue (Zoladex) with orchiectomy in patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Br J Urol. 1991 May;67(5):502-8. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15195.x link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1828183 PubMed]
+# Kaisary AV, Tyrrell CJ, Peeling WB, Griffiths K. Comparison of LHRH analogue (Zoladex) with orchiectomy in patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Br J Urol. 1991 May;67(5):502-8. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15195.x link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1828183/ PubMed]
-# '''International Anandron Study:''' Janknegt RA, Abbou CC, Bartoletti R, Bernstein-Hahn L, Bracken B, Brisset JM, Da Silva FC, Chisholm G, Crawford ED, Debruyne FM, Dijkman GD, Frick J, Goedhals J, Knönagel H, Venner PM. Orchiectomy and nilutamide or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer in a multinational double-blind randomized trial. J Urol. 1993 Jan;149(1):77-82. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36003-2 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7678043 PubMed]
+# '''International Anandron Study:''' Janknegt RA, Abbou CC, Bartoletti R, Bernstein-Hahn L, Bracken B, Brisset JM, Da Silva FC, Chisholm G, Crawford ED, Debruyne FM, Dijkman GD, Frick J, Goedhals J, Knönagel H, Venner PM. Orchiectomy and nilutamide or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer in a multinational double-blind randomized trial. J Urol. 1993 Jan;149(1):77-82. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36003-2 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7678043/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Janknegt RA; Anandron International Study Group. Total androgen blockade with the use of orchiectomy and nilutamide (Anandron) or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer. 1993 Dec 15;72(12 Suppl):3874-7. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19931215)72:12+%3C3874::aid-cncr2820721722%3E3.0.co;2-# link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8252507 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Janknegt RA; Anandron International Study Group. Total androgen blockade with the use of orchiectomy and nilutamide (Anandron) or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer. 1993 Dec 15;72(12 Suppl):3874-7. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19931215)72:12+%3C3874::aid-cncr2820721722%3E3.0.co;2-# link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8252507/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Dijkman GA, Janknegt RA, De Reijke TM, Debruyne FM; International Anandron Study Group. Long-term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization. J Urol. 1997 Jul;158(1):160-3. [https://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199707000-00051 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9186345 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Dijkman GA, Janknegt RA, De Reijke TM, Debruyne FM; International Anandron Study Group. Long-term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization. J Urol. 1997 Jul;158(1):160-3. [https://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199707000-00051 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9186345/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' de Reijke T, Derobert E; Anandron /Nilutamide Study Group. Prognostic factor analysis in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated by castration plus anandron or placebo: a final update. Eur Urol. 2002 Aug;42(2):139-46. [http://www.europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838%2802)00272-5 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12160584 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' de Reijke T, Derobert E; Anandron /Nilutamide Study Group. Prognostic factor analysis in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated by castration plus anandron or placebo: a final update. Eur Urol. 2002 Aug;42(2):139-46. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0302-2838(02)00272-5 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12160584/ PubMed]
-# '''EORTC 30805:''' Robinson MR. A further analysis of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol 30805: orchidectomy versus orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus low-dose diethylstilbestrol. Cancer. 1993 Dec 15;72(12 Suppl):3855-7. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19931215)72:12+%3C3855::aid-cncr2820721718%3E3.0.co;2-i link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8252503 PubMed]
+# '''EORTC 30805:''' Robinson MR. A further analysis of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol 30805: orchidectomy versus orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus low-dose diethylstilbestrol. Cancer. 1993 Dec 15;72(12 Suppl):3855-7. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19931215)72:12+%3C3855::aid-cncr2820721718%3E3.0.co;2-i link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8252503/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Robinson MR, Smith PH, Richards B, Newling DW, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. The final analysis of the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Co-Operative Group phase III clinical trial (protocol 30805) comparing orchidectomy, orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate and low dose stilboestrol in the management of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Eur Urol. 1995;28(4):273-83. [https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/475067 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8575493 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Robinson MR, Smith PH, Richards B, Newling DW, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. The final analysis of the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Co-Operative Group phase III clinical trial (protocol 30805) comparing orchidectomy, orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate and low dose stilboestrol in the management of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Eur Urol. 1995;28(4):273-83. [https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/475067 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8575493/ PubMed]
-# Bruun E, Frimodt-Møller C; Danish Buserelin Study Group. The effect of Buserelin versus conventional antiandrogenic treatment in patients with T2-4NXM1 prostatic cancer; A prospective, randomized multicentre phase III trial. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1996 Aug;30(4):291-7. [https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599609182309 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8908651 PubMed]
+# Bruun E, Frimodt-Møller C; Danish Buserelin Study Group. The effect of Buserelin versus conventional antiandrogenic treatment in patients with T2-4NXM1 prostatic cancer; A prospective, randomized multicentre phase III trial. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1996 Aug;30(4):291-7. [https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599609182309 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8908651/ PubMed]
-# Boccon-Gibod L, Fournier G, Bottet P, Marechal JM, Guiter J, Rischman P, Hubert J, Soret JY, Mangin P, Mallo C, Fraysse CE. Flutamide versus orchidectomy in the treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma. Eur Urol. 1997;32(4):391-5. [https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/480795 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9412794 PubMed]
+# Boccon-Gibod L, Fournier G, Bottet P, Marechal JM, Guiter J, Rischman P, Hubert J, Soret JY, Mangin P, Mallo C, Fraysse CE. Flutamide versus orchidectomy in the treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma. Eur Urol. 1997;32(4):391-5. [https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/480795 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9412794/ PubMed]
-# '''EORTC 30843:''' de Voogt HJ, Studer U, Schröder FH, Klijn JG, de Pauw M, Sylvester R; [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Maximum androgen blockade using LHRH agonist buserelin in combination with short-term (two weeks) or long-term (continuous) cyproterone acetate is not superior to standard androgen deprivation in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final analysis of EORTC GU Group Trial 30843. Eur Urol. 1998;33(2):152-8. [https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/19547 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9519356 PubMed]
+# '''EORTC 30843:''' de Voogt HJ, Studer U, Schröder FH, Klijn JG, de Pauw M, Sylvester R; [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Maximum androgen blockade using LHRH agonist buserelin in combination with short-term (two weeks) or long-term (continuous) cyproterone acetate is not superior to standard androgen deprivation in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: final analysis of EORTC GU Group Trial 30843. Eur Urol. 1998;33(2):152-8. [https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/19547 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9519356/ PubMed]
-# Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Miller G, McLeod DG, Loehrer PJ, Wilding G, Sears K, Culkin DJ, Thompson IM Jr, Bueschen AJ, Lowe BA. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 8;339(15):1036-42. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199810083391504 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9761805 PubMed]
+# Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Miller G, McLeod DG, Loehrer PJ, Wilding G, Sears K, Culkin DJ, Thompson IM Jr, Bueschen AJ, Lowe BA. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 8;339(15):1036-42. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199810083391504 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9761805/ PubMed]
-# Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Iversen P, Anderson JB, Baert L, Tammela T, Chamberlain M, Webster A, Blackledge G. A randomised comparison of 'Casodex' (bicalutamide) 150 mg monotherapy versus castration in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 1998;33(5):447-56. [https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/19634 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9643663 PubMed]
+# Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Iversen P, Anderson JB, Baert L, Tammela T, Chamberlain M, Webster A, Blackledge G. A randomised comparison of 'Casodex' (bicalutamide) 150 mg monotherapy versus castration in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 1998;33(5):447-56. [https://doi.org/10.1159/000019634 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9643663/ PubMed]
-## '''Update:''' Iversen P, Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Anderson JB, Van Poppel H, Tammela TL, Chamberlain M, Carroll K, Melezinek I. Bicalutamide monotherapy compared with castration in patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced prostate cancer: 6.3 years of followup. J Urol. 2000 Nov;164(5):1579-82. [https://www.auajournals.org/article/S0022-5347(05)67032-2 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11025708 PubMed]
+## '''Update:''' Iversen P, Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Anderson JB, Van Poppel H, Tammela TL, Chamberlain M, Carroll K, Melezinek I. Bicalutamide monotherapy compared with castration in patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced prostate cancer: 6.3 years of followup. J Urol. 2000 Nov;164(5):1579-82. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67032-2 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11025708/ PubMed]
-# de Reijke TM, Keuppens FI, Whelan P, Kliment J, Robinson MR, Rea LA, Sylvester RJ; European Organisation for Research in Cancer Therapy Genitourinary Group. Orchiectomy and orchiectomy plus mitomycin C for metastatic prostate cancer in patients with poor prognosis: the final results of a European Organisation for Research in Cancer Therapy Genitourinary Group trial. J Urol. 1999 Nov;162(5):1658-64. [https://www.auajournals.org/doi/full/10.1016/S0022-5347%2805)68191-8 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10524892 PubMed]
+# de Reijke TM, Keuppens FI, Whelan P, Kliment J, Robinson MR, Rea LA, Sylvester RJ; European Organisation for Research in Cancer Therapy Genitourinary Group. Orchiectomy and orchiectomy plus mitomycin C for metastatic prostate cancer in patients with poor prognosis: the final results of a European Organisation for Research in Cancer Therapy Genitourinary Group trial. J Urol. 1999 Nov;162(5):1658-64. [https://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199911000-00023 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10524892/ PubMed]
-# '''SAKK 08/88:''' Studer UE, Hauri D, Hanselmann S, Chollet D, Leisinger HJ, Gasser T, Senn E, Trinkler FB, Tscholl RM, Thalmann GN, Dietrich D. Immediate versus deferred hormonal treatment for patients with prostate cancer who are not suitable for curative local treatment: results of the randomized trial SAKK 08/88. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Oct 15;22(20):4109-18. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 1;23(4):936. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.11.514 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15483020 PubMed]
+# '''SAKK 08/88:''' Studer UE, Hauri D, Hanselmann S, Chollet D, Leisinger HJ, Gasser T, Senn E, Trinkler FB, Tscholl RM, Thalmann GN, Dietrich D. Immediate versus deferred hormonal treatment for patients with prostate cancer who are not suitable for curative local treatment: results of the randomized trial SAKK 08/88. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Oct 15;22(20):4109-18. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 1;23(4):936. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.11.514 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15483020/ PubMed]
-# '''MDA DM95-231:''' Millikan RE, Wen S, Pagliaro LC, Brown MA, Moomey B, Do KA, Logothetis CJ. Phase III trial of androgen ablation with or without three cycles of systemic chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 20;26(36):5936-42. Epub 2008 Nov 24. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.9830 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864402/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19029421 PubMed] NCT00002855
+# '''MDA DM95-231:''' Millikan RE, Wen S, Pagliaro LC, Brown MA, Moomey B, Do KA, Logothetis CJ. Phase III trial of androgen ablation with or without three cycles of systemic chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 20;26(36):5936-42. Epub 2008 Nov 24. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.9830 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864402/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19029421/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00002855 NCT00002855]
-# '''ECOG E8892:''' NCT00002881
+# '''ECOG E8892:''' [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00002881 NCT00002881]
 ==Cortisone monotherapy {{#subobject:7b59ef |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:4f90a2 |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 40%; text-align:center;"
@@ Line 230: / Line 245: @@
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Endocrine therapy====
 *[[Cortisone]]
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Miller GM, Hinman F Jr. Cortisone treatment in advanced carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 1954 Sep;72(3):485-96. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)67614-6 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13202237 PubMed]
+# Miller GM, Hinman F Jr. Cortisone treatment in advanced carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 1954 Sep;72(3):485-96. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)67614-6 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13202237/ PubMed]
 ==Cyproterone acetate monotherapy {{#subobject:785019 |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
-===Regimen {{#subobject:e1ee02 |Variant=1}}===
+===Regimen variant #1, IM {{#subobject:e1ee02 |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 249: / Line 264: @@
 |NR
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (E-switch-ic)
-|[[#Estradiol_undecylate_monotherapy_88|Estradiol undecylate]]
+|[[#Estradiol_undecylate_monotherapy_888|Estradiol undecylate]]
 | style="background-color:#91cf60" |Seems to have superior ORR
+|-
+|}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
+====Endocrine therapy====
+*[[Cyproterone acetate (Androcur)]] 300 mg IM once on day 1
+'''7-day cycles'''
+</div></div><br>
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
+===Regimen variant #2, PO 200 mg/day {{#subobject:2xpo02 |Variant=1}}===
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
+!style="width: 20%"|Study
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+!style="width: 20%"|Comparator
+!style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
+|-
+|[https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00129-0 Debruyne et al. 1998]
+|1992-1994
+| style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
+|[[#Liarozole_monotherapy_777|Liarozole]]
+| style="background-color:#fc8d59" |Seems to have inferior OS
+|-
+|}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
+====Endocrine therapy====
+*[[Cyproterone acetate (Androcur)]] 100 mg PO twice per day
+'''Continued indefinitely'''
+</div></div><br>
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
+===Regimen variant #3, PO 250 mg/day {{#subobject:e1po02 |Variant=1}}===
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
+!style="width: 20%"|Study
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+!style="width: 20%"|Comparator
+!style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
 |-
 |rowspan=2|[https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44996-2 Pavone-Macaluso et al. 1986 (EORTC 30761)]
@@ Line 258: / Line 309: @@
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior
 |-
-|2. [[#Medroxyprogesterone_monotherapy_88|MPA]]
+|2. [[#Medroxyprogesterone_acetate_monotherapy_888|MPA]]
 | style="background-color:#91cf60" |Seems to have superior OS
-|-
-|[https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00129-0 Debruyne et al. 1998]
-|1992-1994
-| style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Liarozole_monotherapy_77|Liarozole]]
-| style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Endocrine therapy====
-*[[Cyproterone acetate (Androcur)]]
+*[[Cyproterone acetate (Androcur)]] 250 mg PO once per day
+'''Continued indefinitely'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Jacobi GH, Altwein JE, Kurth KH, Basting R, Hohenfellner R. Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer with parenteral cyproterone acetate: a phase III randomised trial. Br J Urol. 1980 Jun;52(3):208-15. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1980.tb02961.x link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7000222 PubMed]
+# Jacobi GH, Altwein JE, Kurth KH, Basting R, Hohenfellner R. Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer with parenteral cyproterone acetate: a phase III randomised trial. Br J Urol. 1980 Jun;52(3):208-15. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1980.tb02961.x link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7000222/ PubMed]
-# '''EORTC 30761:''' Pavone-Macaluso M, de Voogt HJ, Viggiano G, Barasolo E, Lardennois B, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. Comparison of diethylstilbestrol, cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a randomized phase III trial of the European Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer Urological Group. J Urol. 1986 Sep;136(3):624-31. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44996-2 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2942707 PubMed]
+# '''EORTC 30761:''' Pavone-Macaluso M, de Voogt HJ, Viggiano G, Barasolo E, Lardennois B, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. Comparison of diethylstilbestrol, cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a randomized phase III trial of the European Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer Urological Group. J Urol. 1986 Sep;136(3):624-31. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44996-2 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2942707/ PubMed]
-# Debruyne FJ, Murray R, Fradet Y, Johansson JE, Tyrrell C, Boccardo F, Denis L, Marberger JM, Brune D, Rassweiler J, Vangeneugden T, Bruynseels J, Janssens M, De Porre P; Liarozole Study Group. Liarozole--a novel treatment approach for advanced prostate cancer: results of a large randomized trial versus cyproterone acetate. Urology. 1998 Jul;52(1):72-81. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00129-0 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9671874 PubMed]
+# Debruyne FJ, Murray R, Fradet Y, Johansson JE, Tyrrell C, Boccardo F, Denis L, Marberger JM, Brune D, Rassweiler J, Vangeneugden T, Bruynseels J, Janssens M, De Porre P; Liarozole Study Group. Liarozole--a novel treatment approach for advanced prostate cancer: results of a large randomized trial versus cyproterone acetate. Urology. 1998 Jul;52(1):72-81. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00129-0 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9671874/ PubMed]
 ==DES monotherapy {{#subobject:0a1860|Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:128a40|Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
 |-
-|[https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347%2817%2944995-0 Smith et al. 1986 (EORTC 30762)]
+|[https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44995-0 Smith et al. 1986 (EORTC 30762)]
 |1976-1980
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (E-switch-ic)
-|[[#Estramustine_monotherapy_88|Estramustine]]
+|[[#Estramustine_monotherapy_888|Estramustine]]
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 295: / Line 343: @@
 |1982-1986
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#AC_.26_Orchiectomy_99|AC & Orchiectomy]]
+|[[#AC_.26_Orchiectomy_999|AC & Orchiectomy]]
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 305: / Line 353: @@
 |-
 |}
-''No longer used, but of historical interest.''
+''Note: No longer used, but of historical interest.''
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Endocrine therapy====
-*[[Diethylstilbestrol (DES)]]
+*[[Diethylstilbestrol (DES)]] 3 mg PO once per day
+'''Continued indefintely'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# '''EORTC 30762:''' Smith PH, Suciu S, Robinson MR, Richards B, Bastable JR, Glashan RW, Bouffioux C, Lardennois B, Williams RE, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. A comparison of the effect of diethylstilbestrol with low dose estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a phase III trial of the European Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer. J Urol. 1986 Sep;136(3):619-23. [https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347%2817%2944995-0 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3525866 PubMed]
+# '''EORTC 30762:''' Smith PH, Suciu S, Robinson MR, Richards B, Bastable JR, Glashan RW, Bouffioux C, Lardennois B, Williams RE, de Pauw M, Sylvester R. A comparison of the effect of diethylstilbestrol with low dose estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a phase III trial of the European Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer. J Urol. 1986 Sep;136(3):619-23. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44995-0 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3525866/ PubMed]
-# '''SWOG S8219:''' Osborne CK, Blumenstein B, Crawford ED, Coltman CA Jr, Smith AY, Lambuth BW, Chapman RA. Combined versus sequential chemo-endocrine therapy in advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1990 Oct;8(10):1675-82. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1990.8.10.1675 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2213104 PubMed]
+# '''SWOG S8219:''' Osborne CK, Blumenstein B, Crawford ED, Coltman CA Jr, Smith AY, Lambuth BW, Chapman RA. Combined versus sequential chemo-endocrine therapy in advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1990 Oct;8(10):1675-82. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1990.8.10.1675 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2213104/ PubMed]
-# Waymont B, Lynch TH, Dunn JA, Emtage LA, Arkell DG, Wallace DM, Blackledge GR. Phase III randomised study of zoladex versus stilboestrol in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Br J Urol. 1992 Jun;69(6):614-20. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1992.tb15633.x link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1386272 PubMed]
+# Waymont B, Lynch TH, Dunn JA, Emtage LA, Arkell DG, Wallace DM, Blackledge GR. Phase III randomised study of zoladex versus stilboestrol in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Br J Urol. 1992 Jun;69(6):614-20. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1992.tb15633.x link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1386272/ PubMed]
 =Chemotherapy for metastatic disease=
 ==CMF {{#subobject:25 |Regimen=1}}==
 CMF: '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide, '''<u>M</u>'''ethotrexate, 5-'''<u>F</u>'''luorouracil
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:25 |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 40%; text-align:center;"
@@ Line 328: / Line 377: @@
 |-
 |}
-''This regimen is "minimally active in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer" per Wozniak et al. 1993 and is included for historical reference only.''
+''Note: This regimen is "minimally active in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer" per Wozniak et al. 1993 and is included for historical reference only.''
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup> PO once per day on days 1 to 7
 *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 15 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
 *[[Fluorouracil (5-FU)]] 300 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
 '''7-day cycles'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Wozniak AJ, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Boileau M, Rivkin SE, Fletcher WS; [[Study_Groups#SWOG|SWOG]]. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer. 1993 Jun 15;71(12):3975-8. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12%3C3975::AID-CNCR2820711229%3E3.0.CO;2-D link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508363 PubMed]
+# Wozniak AJ, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Boileau M, Rivkin SE, Fletcher WS; [[Study_Groups#SWOG|SWOG]]. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer. 1993 Jun 15;71(12):3975-8. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12%3C3975::AID-CNCR2820711229%3E3.0.CO;2-D link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508363/ PubMed]
 ==Suramin monotherapy{{#subobject:1d9f88 |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:gd1534 |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 350: / Line 398: @@
 |-
 |[https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.10.022 Small et al. 2002 (CALGB 9480)]
-|1995-1996
+|1995-12 to 1996-12
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Suramin_monotherapy|Suramin]]; other doses
+|1. [[#Suramin_monotherapy|Suramin]]; intermediate-dose<br>2. [[#Suramin_monotherapy|Suramin]]; high-dose
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Did not meet primary endpoint of RR
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Chemotherapy====
-*[[Suramin (Antrypol)]]
+*[[Suramin (Antrypol)]] as follows:
+**Cycle 1: 600 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1, then 300 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 2 & 8, then 240 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 9
+**Cycle 2: 300 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1, then 240 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 2 & 8, then 192 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 9
+**Cycle 3: 240 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1, then 192 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once per day on days 2 & 8, then 156 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 9
+'''28-day cycle for 3 cycles'''
+</div></div>
+===References===
+#'''CALGB 9480:''' Small EJ, Halabi S, Ratain MJ, Rosner G, Stadler W, Palchak D, Marshall E, Rago R, Hars V, Wilding G, Petrylak D, Vogelzang NJ. Randomized study of three different doses of suramin administered with a fixed dosing schedule in patients with advanced prostate cancer: results of intergroup 0159, cancer and leukemia group B 9480. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Aug 15;20(16):3369-75. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.10.022 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12177096/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00002723 NCT00002723]
+==Suramin & Hydrocortisone {{#subobject:shufb4 |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
+===Regimen {{#subobject:dsioe9 |Variant=1}}===
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
+! style="width: 20%" |Study
+! style="width: 20%" |Dates of enrollment
+! style="width: 20%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
+! style="width: 20%" |Comparator
+! style="width: 20%" |[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]]
+|-
+|[https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.7.1440 Small et al. 2000]
+|1994-1996
+| style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (E-esc)
+|[[Prostate_cancer#Hydrocortisone_monotherapy|Hydrocortisone]]
+| style="background-color:#1a9850" |Superior TTP (secondary endpoint)
+|-
+|}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
+====Endocrine therapy====
+*[[Hydrocortisone (Cortef)]] 40 mg/day PO
+====Chemotherapy====
+*[[Suramin (Antrypol)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 2 hours once on day 1, then 400 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 60 minutes once on day 2, then 300 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 60 minutes once on day 3, then 250 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 60 minutes once on day 4, then 200 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 60 minutes once on day 5, then 275 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV over 60 minutes once per day on days 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78
+'''78-day course'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-#'''CALGB 9480:''' Small EJ, Halabi S, Ratain MJ, Rosner G, Stadler W, Palchak D, Marshall E, Rago R, Hars V, Wilding G, Petrylak D, Vogelzang NJ. Randomized study of three different doses of suramin administered with a fixed dosing schedule in patients with advanced prostate cancer: results of intergroup 0159, cancer and leukemia group B 9480. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Aug 15;20(16):3369-75. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.10.022 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12177096/ PubMed] NCT00002723
+#Small EJ, Meyer M, Marshall ME, Reyno LM, Meyers FJ, Natale RB, Lenehan PF, Chen L, Slichenmyer WJ, Eisenberger M. Suramin therapy for patients with symptomatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of a randomized phase III trial comparing suramin plus hydrocortisone to placebo plus hydrocortisone. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Apr;18(7):1440-50. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.7.1440 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10735891/ PubMed]
 =Therapy for metastatic castrate-resistant disease=
 ==Aspirin & Dexamethasone {{#subobject:bd6fcb |Regimen=1}}==
 DA: '''<u>D</u>'''examethasone & '''<u>A</u>'''spirin
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:bae48c |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 377: / Line 457: @@
 |2001-2008
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Aspirin.2C_Dexamethasone.2C_Diethylstilbestrol_99|Aspirin, Dexamethasone, Diethylstilbestrol]]
+|[[#Aspirin.2C_Dexamethasone.2C_Diethylstilbestrol_999|Aspirin, Dexamethasone, Diethylstilbestrol]]
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Endocrine therapy====
 *[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] 2 mg PO once per day
 ====Supportive therapy====
 *[[Aspirin]] 75 mg PO once per day
 *[[Ranitidine (Zantac)]] 150 mg PO twice per day
 '''Continued indefinitely'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# '''BARTS-DAVDAS:''' Shamash J, Powles T, Sarker SJ, Protheroe A, Mithal N, Mills R, Beard R, Wilson P, Tranter N, O'Brien N, McFaul S, Oliver T. A multi-centre randomised phase III trial of dexamethasone vs dexamethasone and diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer: immediate vs deferred diethylstilbestrol. Br J Cancer. 2011 Feb 15;104(4):620-8. Epub 2011 Feb 1. [https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc20117 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049603/ link to PMC article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21285990 PubMed] NCT00316927
+# '''BARTS-DAVDAS:''' Shamash J, Powles T, Sarker SJ, Protheroe A, Mithal N, Mills R, Beard R, Wilson P, Tranter N, O'Brien N, McFaul S, Oliver T. A multi-centre randomised phase III trial of dexamethasone vs dexamethasone and diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer: immediate vs deferred diethylstilbestrol. Br J Cancer. 2011 Feb 15;104(4):620-8. Epub 2011 Feb 1. [https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc20117 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049603/ link to PMC article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21285990/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00316927 NCT00316927]
 ==Cyclophosphamide monotherapy {{#subobject:8e2679 |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:f36bde |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 406: / Line 484: @@
 |1984-1989
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#CAM_99|CAM]]
+|[[#CAM_999|CAM]]
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Chemotherapy====
-*[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]]
+*[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
+'''21-day cycles'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Saxman S, Ansari R, Drasga R, Miller M, Wheeler B, McClean J, Einhorn L; Hoosier Oncology Group. Phase III trial of cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in hormone-refractory prostatic cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study. Cancer. 1992 Nov 15;70(10):2488-92. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19921115)70:10%3C2488::AID-CNCR2820701016%3E3.0.CO;2-9 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1423178 PubMed]
+# Saxman S, Ansari R, Drasga R, Miller M, Wheeler B, McClean J, Einhorn L; Hoosier Oncology Group. Phase III trial of cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in hormone-refractory prostatic cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study. Cancer. 1992 Nov 15;70(10):2488-92. [https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19921115)70:10%3C2488::AID-CNCR2820701016%3E3.0.CO;2-9 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1423178/ PubMed]
 ==Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone, Diethylstilbestrol {{#subobject:26 |Regimen=1}}==
 CPD: '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide, '''<u>P</u>'''rednisone, '''<u>D</u>'''iethylstilbestrol
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:26 |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable" style="width: 60%; text-align:center;"
@@ Line 431: / Line 510: @@
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 100 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 20
 ====Endocrine therapy====
+*[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] 10 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 30
-*[[Prednisone (Sterapred)]] 10 mg PO once per day
+*[[Diethylstilbestrol (DES)]] 1 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 30
-*[[Diethylstilbestrol (DES)]] 1 mg PO once per day
 ====Supportive therapy====
 *[[Warfarin (Coumadin)]] 1 mg PO once per day to decrease risk of DVT
 '''30-day cycles'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
+#Hellerstedt B, Pienta KJ, Redman BG, Esper P, Dunn R, Fardig J, Olson K, Smith DC. Phase II trial of oral cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and diethylstilbestrol for androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2003 Oct 15;98(8):1603-10. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11686 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14534875/ PubMed]
-#Hellerstedt B, Pienta KJ, Redman BG, Esper P, Dunn R, Fardig J, Olson K, Smith DC. Phase II trial of oral cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and diethylstilbestrol for androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2003 Oct 15;98(8):1603-10. [https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11686 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14534875 PubMed]
 ==Doxorubicin monotherapy {{#subobject:061c25 |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:472ea8 |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 463: / Line 535: @@
 |1983-1986
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Doxorubicin_.26_DES_99|Doxorubicin & DES]]
+|[[#Doxorubicin_.26_DES_999|Doxorubicin & DES]]
 | style="background-color:#ffffbf" |Seems not superior
 |-
@@ Line 473: / Line 545: @@
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Chemotherapy====
-*[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]]
+*[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 50 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV once on day 1
+'''21-day cycles'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Tu SM, Millikan RE, Mengistu B, Delpassand ES, Amato RJ, Pagliaro LC, Daliani D, Papandreou CN, Smith TL, Kim J, Podoloff DA, Logothetis CJ. Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):336-41. Erratum in: Lancet 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1210. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03639-4 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11210994 PubMed]
+# Tu SM, Millikan RE, Mengistu B, Delpassand ES, Amato RJ, Pagliaro LC, Daliani D, Papandreou CN, Smith TL, Kim J, Podoloff DA, Logothetis CJ. Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):336-41. Erratum in: Lancet 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1210. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03639-4 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11210994/ PubMed]
-# '''ECOG E3882:''' Leaf AN, Propert K, Corcoran C, Catalano PJ, Trump DL, Harris JE, Davis TE. Phase III study of combined chemohormonal therapy in metastatic prostate cancer (ECOG 3882): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. Med Oncol. 2003;20(2):137-46. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1385%2FMO%3A20%3A2%3A137 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12835516 PubMed]
+# '''ECOG E3882:''' Leaf AN, Propert K, Corcoran C, Catalano PJ, Trump DL, Harris JE, Davis TE. Phase III study of combined chemohormonal therapy in metastatic prostate cancer (ECOG 3882): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. Med Oncol. 2003;20(2):137-46. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1385%2FMO%3A20%3A2%3A137 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in manuscript''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12835516/ PubMed]
 ==Doxorubicin & Strontium-89 {{#subobject:9b4d29 |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:083cec |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 496: / Line 571: @@
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#cbd5e8">
 ====Preceding treatment====
-*[[#Doxorubicin_.26_Ketoconazole.2FEstramustine_.26_Vinblastine_99|Doxorubicin & Ketoconazole alternating with Estramustine & Vinblastine]]
+*[[#Doxorubicin_.26_Ketoconazole.2FEstramustine_.26_Vinblastine_999|Doxorubicin & Ketoconazole alternating with Estramustine & Vinblastine]]
+</div>
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Chemotherapy====
 *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]]
 ====Radiotherapy====
 *[[Strontium-89 (Metastron)]]
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Tu SM, Millikan RE, Mengistu B, Delpassand ES, Amato RJ, Pagliaro LC, Daliani D, Papandreou CN, Smith TL, Kim J, Podoloff DA, Logothetis CJ. Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):336-41. Erratum in: Lancet 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1210. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03639-4 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11210994 PubMed]
+# Tu SM, Millikan RE, Mengistu B, Delpassand ES, Amato RJ, Pagliaro LC, Daliani D, Papandreou CN, Smith TL, Kim J, Podoloff DA, Logothetis CJ. Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):336-41. Erratum in: Lancet 2001 Apr 14;357(9263):1210. [https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03639-4 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11210994/ PubMed]
 ==Vinblastine monotherapy {{#subobject:1d9e22 |Regimen=1}}==
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#ee6b6e">
 ===Regimen {{#subobject:81db34 |Variant=1}}===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"
 !style="width: 20%"|Study
-!style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment
+!style="width: 20%"|Dates of enrollment
 !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]]
 !style="width: 20%"|Comparator
@@ Line 520: / Line 596: @@
 |1993-1995
 | style="background-color:#1a9851" |Phase 3 (C)
-|[[#Estramustine_.26_Vinblastine_88|Estramustine & Vinblastine]]
+|[[#Estramustine_.26_Vinblastine_333|Estramustine & Vinblastine]]
 | style="background-color:#fee08b" |Might have inferior OS
 |-
 |}
+<div class="toccolours" style="background-color:#b3e2cd">
 ====Chemotherapy====
-*[[Vinblastine (Velban)]]
+*[[Vinblastine (Velban)]] 4 mg/m<sup>2</sup> IV bolus once per day on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36
+'''8-week cycles'''
+</div></div>
 ===References===
-# Hudes G, Einhorn L, Ross E, Balsham A, Loehrer P, Ramsey H, Sprandio J, Entmacher M, Dugan W, Ansari R, Monaco F, Hanna M, Roth B; Hoosier Oncology Group; Fox Chase Network. Vinblastine versus vinblastine plus oral estramustine phosphate for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: A Hoosier Oncology Group and Fox Chase Network phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Oct;17(10):3160-6. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.10.3160 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10506613 PubMed]
+# Hudes G, Einhorn L, Ross E, Balsham A, Loehrer P, Ramsey H, Sprandio J, Entmacher M, Dugan W, Ansari R, Monaco F, Hanna M, Roth B; Hoosier Oncology Group; Fox Chase Network. Vinblastine versus vinblastine plus oral estramustine phosphate for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: A Hoosier Oncology Group and Fox Chase Network phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Oct;17(10):3160-6. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.10.3160 link to original article] '''contains dosing details in abstract'''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10506613/ PubMed]
 [[Category:Prostate cancer regimens]]
 [[Category:Historical regimens]]
 [[Category:Disease-specific pages]]
-[[Category:Genitourinary cancers]]
+[[Category:Male genital cancers]]

Difference between revisions of "Prostate cancer - historical"

Revision as of 19:33, 23 June 2024

Definitive radiotherapy

Radiation therapy

Regimen

Radiotherapy

References

Hormonal therapy for locally advanced or metastatic disease

Castration

Regimen

Endocrine therapy

References

Cortisone monotherapy

Regimen

Endocrine therapy

References

Cyproterone acetate monotherapy

Regimen variant #1, IM

Endocrine therapy

Regimen variant #2, PO 200 mg/day

Endocrine therapy

Regimen variant #3, PO 250 mg/day

Endocrine therapy

References

DES monotherapy

Regimen

Endocrine therapy

References

Chemotherapy for metastatic disease

CMF

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

Suramin monotherapy

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

Suramin & Hydrocortisone

Regimen

Endocrine therapy

Chemotherapy

References

Therapy for metastatic castrate-resistant disease

Aspirin & Dexamethasone

Regimen

Endocrine therapy

Supportive therapy

References

Cyclophosphamide monotherapy

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

Cyclophosphamide, Prednisone, Diethylstilbestrol

Regimen

Chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy

Supportive therapy

References

Doxorubicin monotherapy

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

Doxorubicin & Strontium-89

Regimen

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

References

Vinblastine monotherapy

Regimen

Chemotherapy

References

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