Difference between revisions of "Cytarabine (Ara-C)"
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==General information== | ==General information== | ||
| − | Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, mimics cytosine. Converted intracellularly into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP). Exact mechanism of action not known; believed to inhibit DNA polymerase, incorporate into DNA and RNA, and kill cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and sometimes block cells from progressing from the G1 phase to the S-phase.<ref name="insert">[http://www.pfizer.com/files/products/uspi_cytarabine_1000mg.pdf Cytarabine ( | + | Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, mimics cytosine. Converted intracellularly into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP). Exact mechanism of action not known; believed to inhibit DNA polymerase, incorporate into DNA and RNA, and kill cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and sometimes block cells from progressing from the G1 phase to the S-phase.<ref name="insert">[http://www.pfizer.com/files/products/uspi_cytarabine_1000mg.pdf Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert]</ref><ref>[[:File:Cytarabine.pdf | Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert (locally hosted backup)]]</ref> |
<br>Route: IV, IT, SC | <br>Route: IV, IT, SC | ||
<br>Extravasation: [[irritant]] or [[neutral]], depending on reference | <br>Extravasation: [[irritant]] or [[neutral]], depending on reference | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
==Patient drug information== | ==Patient drug information== | ||
| − | *[http://www.pfizer.com/files/products/uspi_cytarabine_1000mg.pdf Cytarabine ( | + | *[http://www.pfizer.com/files/products/uspi_cytarabine_1000mg.pdf Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert]<ref name="insert"></ref> |
| − | *[https://chemocare.com/druginfo/cytarabine.aspx Cytarabine ( | + | *[https://chemocare.com/druginfo/cytarabine.aspx Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (Chemocare)]<ref>[https://chemocare.com/druginfo/cytarabine.aspx Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (Chemocare)]</ref> |
| − | *[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-patient-drug-information Cytarabine ( | + | *[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-patient-drug-information Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (UpToDate)]<ref>[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-patient-drug-information Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (UpToDate)]</ref> |
==History of changes in FDA indication== | ==History of changes in FDA indication== | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
*2001-07-11: EURD | *2001-07-11: EURD | ||
==History of changes in PMDA indication== | ==History of changes in PMDA indication== | ||
| − | *2019-03-26: New indication for the treatment prior to tumor-specific T-cell infusion therapy. | + | *2019-03-26: New indication for the [[Cellular_therapy_conditioning_regimens|treatment prior to tumor-specific T-cell infusion therapy]]. |
| + | *2023-05-25: New indication and a new dosage for the treatment of [[:Category:Acute leukemias|acute leukemia]]. | ||
| + | |||
==Also known as== | ==Also known as== | ||
*'''Generic names:''' Ara-C, arabinosylcytosine, arabinofuranosyl cytidine, cytosine arabinoside | *'''Generic names:''' Ara-C, arabinosylcytosine, arabinofuranosyl cytidine, cytosine arabinoside | ||
| Line 108: | Line 110: | ||
[[Category:Antimetabolites]] | [[Category:Antimetabolites]] | ||
| − | [[Category:Deoxycytidine | + | [[Category:Deoxycytidine analogs]] |
[[Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications]] | [[Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications]] | ||
Revision as of 03:43, 1 June 2024
General information
Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, mimics cytosine. Converted intracellularly into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP). Exact mechanism of action not known; believed to inhibit DNA polymerase, incorporate into DNA and RNA, and kill cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and sometimes block cells from progressing from the G1 phase to the S-phase.[1][2]
Route: IV, IT, SC
Extravasation: irritant or neutral, depending on reference
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, Lexicomp, UpToDate (courtesy of Lexicomp), or the prescribing information.[1]
Diseases for which it is established (work in progress)
Diseases for which it is used
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia
- Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Burkitt lymphoma
- B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- CNS lymphoma
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
- HIV-associated lymphoma
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Transformed lymphoma
Diseases for which it was used
Patient drug information
- Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert[1]
- Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (Chemocare)[3]
- Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (UpToDate)[4]
History of changes in FDA indication
- 1969-06-17: initial FDA approval
- 1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated in combination with other approved anticancer drugs for remission induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of adults and pediatric patients. (No supporting studies are cited)
- 1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and the blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. (No supporting studies are cited)
- 1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): Intrathecal administration is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of meningeal leukemia. (No supporting studies are cited)
History of changes in EMA indication
- 2001-07-11: EURD
History of changes in PMDA indication
- 2019-03-26: New indication for the treatment prior to tumor-specific T-cell infusion therapy.
- 2023-05-25: New indication and a new dosage for the treatment of acute leukemia.
Also known as
- Generic names: Ara-C, arabinosylcytosine, arabinofuranosyl cytidine, cytosine arabinoside
- Brand names:
| Synonyms | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcysten | Alexan | ARA | Arabine | Arabitin | Aracitin | Aracytin | Aracytine |
| Citagenin | Citaloxan | Citarabin | Citarabina | Citarabins | Citarax | Cylocide | Cytarabin |
| Cytarabins | Cytarabinum | Cytarbel | Cytarine | Cytosar | Cytosar-U | Cytrosar | Erbabin |
| Erpalfa | Fauldcita | Groven | Ifarab | Iretin | Laracit | Medsara | Novutrax |
| Remcyta | Starasid | Tabin | Tabine | Udicil | |||
References
Categories:
- Drugs
- Intrathecal medications
- Intravenous medications
- Subcutaneous medications
- Irritant
- Neutral
- Antimetabolites
- Deoxycytidine analogs
- B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
- Acute myeloid leukemia medications
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia medications
- Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma medications
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma medications
- Burkitt lymphoma medications
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications
- Chronic myeloid leukemia medications
- CNS lymphoma medications
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma medications
- Follicular lymphoma medications
- HIV-associated lymphoma medications
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma medications
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome medications
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis medications
- Mantle cell lymphoma medications
- Myelodysplastic syndrome medications
- Peripheral T-cell lymphoma medications
- Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma medications
- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
- Transformed lymphoma medications
- Multiple myeloma medications (historic)
- FDA approved in 1969
- EMA approved in 2001
- WHO Essential Cancer Medicine