Difference between revisions of "Cytarabine (Ara-C)"
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==General information== | ==General information== | ||
| − | Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, mimics cytosine. | + | Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, mimics cytosine. Converted intracellularly into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP). Exact mechanism of action not known; believed to inhibit DNA polymerase, incorporate into DNA and RNA, and kill cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and sometimes block cells from progressing from the G1 phase to the S-phase.<ref name="insert">[http://www.pfizer.com/files/products/uspi_cytarabine_1000mg.pdf Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert]</ref><ref>[[:File:Cytarabine.pdf | Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert (locally hosted backup)]]</ref> |
<br>Route: IV, IT, SC | <br>Route: IV, IT, SC | ||
<br>Extravasation: [[irritant]] or [[neutral]], depending on reference | <br>Extravasation: [[irritant]] or [[neutral]], depending on reference | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
*[[B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] | *[[B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] | ||
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] | *[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] | ||
| − | *[[Chronic | + | *[[Chronic myeloid leukemia]] |
*[[CNS lymphoma]] | *[[CNS lymphoma]] | ||
*[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] | *[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] | ||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]] | *[[Follicular lymphoma]] | ||
*[[HIV-associated lymphoma]] | *[[HIV-associated lymphoma]] | ||
| − | *[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] | + | *[[Classical Hodgkin lymphoma]] |
*[[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]] | *[[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]] | ||
*[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] | *[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
==Patient drug information== | ==Patient drug information== | ||
| − | *[http://www.pfizer.com/files/products/uspi_cytarabine_1000mg.pdf Cytarabine ( | + | *[http://www.pfizer.com/files/products/uspi_cytarabine_1000mg.pdf Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert]<ref name="insert"></ref> |
| − | *[https://chemocare.com/ | + | *[https://chemocare.com/druginfo/cytarabine.aspx Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (Chemocare)]<ref>[https://chemocare.com/druginfo/cytarabine.aspx Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (Chemocare)]</ref> |
| − | *[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-patient-drug-information Cytarabine ( | + | *[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-patient-drug-information Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (UpToDate)]<ref>[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytarabine-patient-drug-information Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (UpToDate)]</ref> |
==History of changes in FDA indication== | ==History of changes in FDA indication== | ||
| − | * | + | *1969-06-17: initial FDA approval |
| − | *10 | + | *1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated in combination with other approved anticancer drugs for remission induction in [[Acute myeloid leukemia|acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]] of adults and pediatric patients. ''(No supporting studies are cited)'' |
| + | *1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated in the treatment of [[:Category:Acute lymphoblastic leukemias|acute lymphocytic leukemia]] and the blast phase of [[Chronic myeloid leukemia|chronic myelocytic leukemia]]. ''(No supporting studies are cited)'' | ||
| + | *1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): Intrathecal administration is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of [[CNS leukemia|meningeal leukemia]]. ''(No supporting studies are cited)'' | ||
| + | ==History of changes in EMA indication== | ||
| + | *2001-07-11: EURD | ||
| + | ==History of changes in PMDA indication== | ||
| + | *2019-03-26: New indication for the [[Cellular_therapy_conditioning_regimens|treatment prior to tumor-specific T-cell infusion therapy]]. | ||
| + | *2023-05-25: New indication and a new dosage for the treatment of [[:Category:Acute leukemias|acute leukemia]]. | ||
==Also known as== | ==Also known as== | ||
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|Cytosar-U | |Cytosar-U | ||
|Cytrosar | |Cytrosar | ||
| − | | | + | |Erbabin |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|Erpalfa | |Erpalfa | ||
|Fauldcita | |Fauldcita | ||
| Line 84: | Line 89: | ||
|Iretin | |Iretin | ||
|Laracit | |Laracit | ||
| − | |||
|Medsara | |Medsara | ||
|Novutrax | |Novutrax | ||
| + | |- | ||
|Remcyta | |Remcyta | ||
|Starasid | |Starasid | ||
| Line 92: | Line 97: | ||
|Tabine | |Tabine | ||
|Udicil | |Udicil | ||
| − | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 106: | Line 110: | ||
[[Category:Antimetabolites]] | [[Category:Antimetabolites]] | ||
| − | [[Category:Deoxycytidine | + | [[Category:Deoxycytidine analogs]] |
[[Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications]] | [[Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications]] | ||
| Line 115: | Line 119: | ||
[[Category:Burkitt lymphoma medications]] | [[Category:Burkitt lymphoma medications]] | ||
[[Category:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications]] | [[Category:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications]] | ||
| − | [[Category:Chronic | + | [[Category:Chronic myeloid leukemia medications]] |
[[Category:CNS lymphoma medications]] | [[Category:CNS lymphoma medications]] | ||
[[Category:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma medications]] | [[Category:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma medications]] | ||
[[Category:Follicular lymphoma medications]] | [[Category:Follicular lymphoma medications]] | ||
[[Category:HIV-associated lymphoma medications]] | [[Category:HIV-associated lymphoma medications]] | ||
| − | [[Category:Hodgkin lymphoma medications]] | + | [[Category:Classical Hodgkin lymphoma medications]] |
[[Category:Hypereosinophilic syndrome medications]] | [[Category:Hypereosinophilic syndrome medications]] | ||
[[Category:Langerhans cell histiocytosis medications]] | [[Category:Langerhans cell histiocytosis medications]] | ||
| Line 133: | Line 137: | ||
[[Category:FDA approved in 1969]] | [[Category:FDA approved in 1969]] | ||
| + | [[Category:EMA approved in 2001]] | ||
[[Category:WHO Essential Cancer Medicine]] | [[Category:WHO Essential Cancer Medicine]] | ||
Revision as of 03:43, 1 June 2024
General information
Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, mimics cytosine. Converted intracellularly into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP). Exact mechanism of action not known; believed to inhibit DNA polymerase, incorporate into DNA and RNA, and kill cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and sometimes block cells from progressing from the G1 phase to the S-phase.[1][2]
Route: IV, IT, SC
Extravasation: irritant or neutral, depending on reference
For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, Lexicomp, UpToDate (courtesy of Lexicomp), or the prescribing information.[1]
Diseases for which it is established (work in progress)
Diseases for which it is used
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia
- Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- Burkitt lymphoma
- B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- CNS lymphoma
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
- HIV-associated lymphoma
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Transformed lymphoma
Diseases for which it was used
Patient drug information
- Cytarabine (Ara-C) package insert[1]
- Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (Chemocare)[3]
- Cytarabine (Ara-C) patient drug information (UpToDate)[4]
History of changes in FDA indication
- 1969-06-17: initial FDA approval
- 1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated in combination with other approved anticancer drugs for remission induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of adults and pediatric patients. (No supporting studies are cited)
- 1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): indicated in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and the blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. (No supporting studies are cited)
- 1998-10-15 (oldest label available at Drugs @ FDA): Intrathecal administration is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of meningeal leukemia. (No supporting studies are cited)
History of changes in EMA indication
- 2001-07-11: EURD
History of changes in PMDA indication
- 2019-03-26: New indication for the treatment prior to tumor-specific T-cell infusion therapy.
- 2023-05-25: New indication and a new dosage for the treatment of acute leukemia.
Also known as
- Generic names: Ara-C, arabinosylcytosine, arabinofuranosyl cytidine, cytosine arabinoside
- Brand names:
| Synonyms | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcysten | Alexan | ARA | Arabine | Arabitin | Aracitin | Aracytin | Aracytine |
| Citagenin | Citaloxan | Citarabin | Citarabina | Citarabins | Citarax | Cylocide | Cytarabin |
| Cytarabins | Cytarabinum | Cytarbel | Cytarine | Cytosar | Cytosar-U | Cytrosar | Erbabin |
| Erpalfa | Fauldcita | Groven | Ifarab | Iretin | Laracit | Medsara | Novutrax |
| Remcyta | Starasid | Tabin | Tabine | Udicil | |||
References
Categories:
- Drugs
- Intrathecal medications
- Intravenous medications
- Subcutaneous medications
- Irritant
- Neutral
- Antimetabolites
- Deoxycytidine analogs
- B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
- Acute myeloid leukemia medications
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia medications
- Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma medications
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma medications
- Burkitt lymphoma medications
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia medications
- Chronic myeloid leukemia medications
- CNS lymphoma medications
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma medications
- Follicular lymphoma medications
- HIV-associated lymphoma medications
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma medications
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome medications
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis medications
- Mantle cell lymphoma medications
- Myelodysplastic syndrome medications
- Peripheral T-cell lymphoma medications
- Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma medications
- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications
- Transformed lymphoma medications
- Multiple myeloma medications (historic)
- FDA approved in 1969
- EMA approved in 2001
- WHO Essential Cancer Medicine