Difference between revisions of "Cytarabine (Ara-C)"

Revision as of 21:02, 3 September 2022

General information

Class/mechanism: Pyrimidine analog, mimics cytosine. Converted intracellularly into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP). Exact mechanism of action not known; believed to inhibit DNA polymerase, incorporate into DNA and RNA, and kill cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and sometimes block cells from progressing from the G1 phase to the S-phase.^[1]^[2]
Route: IV, IT, SC
Extravasation: irritant or neutral, depending on reference

For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, Lexicomp, UpToDate (courtesy of Lexicomp), or the prescribing information.^[1]

Diseases for which it is established (work in progress)

Diseases for which it is used

Diseases for which it was used

Multiple myeloma

Patient drug information

History of changes in FDA indication

6/17/1969: initial FDA approval
10/15/1998 (oldest label available at Drugs@FDA): indicated in combination with other approved anticancer drugs for remission induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of adults and pediatric patients. It has also been found useful in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and the blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Intrathecal administration is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of meningeal leukemia. (No supporting studies are cited)

Also known as

Generic names: Ara-C, arabinosylcytosine, arabinofuranosyl cytidine, cytosine arabinoside
Brand names:

Synonyms
Alcysten	Alexan	ARA	Arabine	Arabitin	Aracitin	Aracytin	Aracytine
Citagenin	Citaloxan	Citarabin	Citarabina	Citarabins	Citarax	Cylocide	Cytarabin
Cytarabins	Cytarabinum	Cytarbel	Cytarine	Cytosar	Cytosar-U	Cytrosar	Depocyt
Depocyte	Erbabin	Erpalfa	Fauldcita	Groven	Ifarab	Iretin	Laracit
Medsara	Novutrax	Remcyta	Starasid	Tabin	Tabine	Udicil

References

[insert-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Cytarabine (Cytosar) package insert

[2] Cytarabine (Cytosar) package insert (locally hosted backup)

[3] Cytarabine (Cytosar) patient drug information (Chemocare)

[4] Cytarabine (Cytosar) patient drug information (UpToDate)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

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 ==History of changes in FDA indication==
 * 6/17/1969: initial FDA approval
-*10/15/1998 (oldest label available at Drugs@FDA): indicated in combination with other approved anticancer drugs for remission induction in [[Acute myeloid leukemia|acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]] of adults and pediatric patients. It has also been found useful in the treatment of [[:Category:Acute lymphoblastic leukemias|acute lymphocytic leukemia]] and the blast phase of [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia|chronic myelocytic leukemia]]. Intrathecal administration is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of [[CNS leukemia|meningeal leukemia]].
+*10/15/1998 (oldest label available at Drugs@FDA): indicated in combination with other approved anticancer drugs for remission induction in [[Acute myeloid leukemia|acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]] of adults and pediatric patients. It has also been found useful in the treatment of [[:Category:Acute lymphoblastic leukemias|acute lymphocytic leukemia]] and the blast phase of [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia|chronic myelocytic leukemia]]. Intrathecal administration is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of [[CNS leukemia|meningeal leukemia]]. ''(No supporting studies are cited)''
 ==Also known as==