Difference between revisions of "Smoldering multiple myeloma"
m (→References) |
Warner-admin (talk | contribs) m (Text replacement - "'''contains dosing details in abstract'''" to "'''dosing details in abstract have been reviewed by our editors'''") |
||
(11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
{{#lst:Editorial board transclusions|smm}} | {{#lst:Editorial board transclusions|smm}} | ||
''Are you looking for a regimen but can't find it here? For placebo or observational studies in this condition, please visit [[Smoldering multiple myeloma - null regimens|this page]]. If you still can't find it, please let us know so we can add it!''<br> | ''Are you looking for a regimen but can't find it here? For placebo or observational studies in this condition, please visit [[Smoldering multiple myeloma - null regimens|this page]]. If you still can't find it, please let us know so we can add it!''<br> | ||
− | <br | + | <br>'''Note: due to its size/complexity, multiple myeloma has been split into sub-pages:''' |
*[[Multiple_myeloma,_induction|Induction (transplant eligible and ineligible)]] | *[[Multiple_myeloma,_induction|Induction (transplant eligible and ineligible)]] | ||
*[[Multiple_myeloma,_consolidation_and_maintenance|First-line consolidation and]] maintenance | *[[Multiple_myeloma,_consolidation_and_maintenance|First-line consolidation and]] maintenance | ||
*[[Multiple_myeloma,_relapsed-refractory|Relapsed/refractory, including subsequent consolidation and]] maintenance | *[[Multiple_myeloma,_relapsed-refractory|Relapsed/refractory, including subsequent consolidation and]] maintenance | ||
*Smoldering multiple myeloma [''this page''] | *Smoldering multiple myeloma [''this page''] | ||
− | + | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-right: 5px;" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-right: 5px;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
=Guidelines= | =Guidelines= | ||
'''Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.''' | '''Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.''' | ||
− | == | + | ==NCCN== |
− | *''NCCN does not currently have guidelines at this granular level; please see [https://www.nccn.org/ | + | *''NCCN does not currently have guidelines at this granular level; please see [https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1445 NCCN Guidelines - Multiple Myeloma].'' |
=All lines of therapy= | =All lines of therapy= | ||
Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
</div></div> | </div></div> | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''ECOG E3A06:''' Lonial S, Jacobus S, Fonseca R, Weiss M, Kumar S, Orlowski RZ, Kaufman JL, Yacoub AM, Buadi FK, O'Brien T, Matous JV, Anderson DM, Emmons RV, Mahindra A, Wagner LI, Dhodapkar MV, Rajkumar SV. Randomized trial of lenalidomide versus observation in smoldering multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;38(11):1126-1137. Epub 2019 Oct 25. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.01740 link to original article] ''' | + | # '''ECOG E3A06:''' Lonial S, Jacobus S, Fonseca R, Weiss M, Kumar S, Orlowski RZ, Kaufman JL, Yacoub AM, Buadi FK, O'Brien T, Matous JV, Anderson DM, Emmons RV, Mahindra A, Wagner LI, Dhodapkar MV, Rajkumar SV. Randomized trial of lenalidomide versus observation in smoldering multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;38(11):1126-1137. Epub 2019 Oct 25. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.01740 link to original article] '''dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc7145586/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31652094/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01169337 NCT01169337] |
==Lenalidomide & Dexamethasone (Rd) {{#subobject:gac521|Regimen=1}}== | ==Lenalidomide & Dexamethasone (Rd) {{#subobject:gac521|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Rd: '''<u>R</u>'''evlimid (Lenalidomide) & low-dose '''<u>d</u>'''examethasone | Rd: '''<u>R</u>'''evlimid (Lenalidomide) & low-dose '''<u>d</u>'''examethasone | ||
Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
</div></div> | </div></div> | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # '''QUIREDEX:''' Mateos MV, Hernández MT, Giraldo P, de la Rubia J, de Arriba F, López Corral L, Rosiñol L, Paiva B, Palomera L, Bargay J, Oriol A, Prosper F, López J, Olavarría E, Quintana N, García JL, Bladé J, Lahuerta JJ, San Miguel JF. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 1;369(5):438-47. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1300439 link to original article] ''' | + | # '''QUIREDEX:''' Mateos MV, Hernández MT, Giraldo P, de la Rubia J, de Arriba F, López Corral L, Rosiñol L, Paiva B, Palomera L, Bargay J, Oriol A, Prosper F, López J, Olavarría E, Quintana N, García JL, Bladé J, Lahuerta JJ, San Miguel JF. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 1;369(5):438-47. [https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1300439 link to original article] '''dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23902483/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00480363 NCT00480363] |
#'''DETER-SMM:''' [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03937635 NCT03937635] | #'''DETER-SMM:''' [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03937635 NCT03937635] | ||
#'''EFC15992:''' [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03941860 NCT03941860] | #'''EFC15992:''' [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03941860 NCT03941860] | ||
Line 137: | Line 137: | ||
</div></div> | </div></div> | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Hjorth M, Hellquist L, Holmberg E, Magnusson B, Rödjer S, Westin J; Myeloma Group of Western Sweden. Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I--a randomized study. Eur J Haematol. 1993 Feb;50(2):95-102. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1993.tb00148.x link to original article] ''' | + | # Hjorth M, Hellquist L, Holmberg E, Magnusson B, Rödjer S, Westin J; Myeloma Group of Western Sweden. Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I--a randomized study. Eur J Haematol. 1993 Feb;50(2):95-102. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1993.tb00148.x link to original article] '''dosing details in abstract have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8440364/ PubMed] |
− | # '''MM87/MM90:''' Riccardi A, Mora O, Tinelli C, Valentini D, Brugnatelli S, Spanedda R, De Paoli A, Barbarano L, Di Stasi M, Giordano M, Delfini C, Nicoletti G, Bergonzi C, Rinaldi E, Piccinini L, Ascari E; Cooperative Group of Study and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Long-term survival of stage I multiple myeloma given chemotherapy just after diagnosis or at progression of the disease: a multicentre randomized study. Br J Cancer. 2000 Apr;82(7):1254-60. [https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.1999.1087 link to original article] ''' | + | # '''MM87/MM90:''' Riccardi A, Mora O, Tinelli C, Valentini D, Brugnatelli S, Spanedda R, De Paoli A, Barbarano L, Di Stasi M, Giordano M, Delfini C, Nicoletti G, Bergonzi C, Rinaldi E, Piccinini L, Ascari E; Cooperative Group of Study and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Long-term survival of stage I multiple myeloma given chemotherapy just after diagnosis or at progression of the disease: a multicentre randomized study. Br J Cancer. 2000 Apr;82(7):1254-60. [https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.1999.1087 link to original article] '''dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2374495/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10755397/ PubMed] |
==Thalidomide monotherapy {{#subobject:bacb11|Regimen=1}}== | ==Thalidomide monotherapy {{#subobject:bacb11|Regimen=1}}== | ||
Line 151: | Line 151: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2569167/ Barlogie et al. 2008 (UARK 98-036)] | |[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2569167/ Barlogie et al. 2008 (UARK 98-036)] | ||
− | |1998 | + | |1998 to not reported |
| style="background-color:#91cf60" |Phase 2 | | style="background-color:#91cf60" |Phase 2 | ||
| style="background-color:#d3d3d3" | | | style="background-color:#d3d3d3" | | ||
Line 200: | Line 200: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402183 Rajkumar et al. 2001] | |[https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402183 Rajkumar et al. 2001] | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| style="background-color:#91cf60" |Phase 2 | | style="background-color:#91cf60" |Phase 2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 213: | Line 213: | ||
</div></div> | </div></div> | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
− | # Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, Fonseca R, Lacy MQ, Geyer S, Lust JA, Kyle RA, Greipp PR, Gertz MA, Witzig TE. Thalidomide for previously untreated indolent or smoldering multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2001 Aug;15(8):1274-6. [https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402183 link to original article] ''' | + | # Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, Fonseca R, Lacy MQ, Geyer S, Lust JA, Kyle RA, Greipp PR, Gertz MA, Witzig TE. Thalidomide for previously untreated indolent or smoldering multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2001 Aug;15(8):1274-6. [https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402183 link to original article] '''dosing details in abstract have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480571/ PubMed] |
− | # Weber D, Rankin K, Gavino M, Delasalle K, Alexanian R. Thalidomide alone or with dexamethasone for previously untreated multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 1;21(1):16-9. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.03.139 link to original article] ''' | + | # Weber D, Rankin K, Gavino M, Delasalle K, Alexanian R. Thalidomide alone or with dexamethasone for previously untreated multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 1;21(1):16-9. [https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.03.139 link to original article] '''dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12506164/ PubMed] |
− | # '''UARK 98-036:''' Barlogie B, van Rhee F, Shaughnessy JD Jr, Epstein J, Yaccoby S, Pineda-Roman M, Hollmig K, Alsayed Y, Hoering A, Szymonifka J, Anaissie E, Petty N, Kumar NS, Srivastava G, Jenkins B, Crowley J, Zeldis JB. Seven-year median time to progression with thalidomide for smoldering myeloma: partial response identifies subset requiring earlier salvage therapy for symptomatic disease. Blood. 2008 Oct 15;112(8):3122-5. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-06-164228 link to original article] ''' | + | # '''UARK 98-036:''' Barlogie B, van Rhee F, Shaughnessy JD Jr, Epstein J, Yaccoby S, Pineda-Roman M, Hollmig K, Alsayed Y, Hoering A, Szymonifka J, Anaissie E, Petty N, Kumar NS, Srivastava G, Jenkins B, Crowley J, Zeldis JB. Seven-year median time to progression with thalidomide for smoldering myeloma: partial response identifies subset requiring earlier salvage therapy for symptomatic disease. Blood. 2008 Oct 15;112(8):3122-5. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-06-164228 link to original article] '''dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2569167/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18669874/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00083382 NCT00083382] |
− | # '''MC0289:''' Witzig TE, Laumann KM, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Dispenzieri A, Kumar S, Reeder CB, Roy V, Lust JA, Gertz MA, Greipp PR, Hassoun H, Mandrekar SJ, Rajkumar SV. A phase III randomized trial of thalidomide plus zoledronic acid versus zoledronic acid alone in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2013 Jan;27(1):220-5. Epub 2012 Aug 20. [https:// | + | # '''MC0289:''' Witzig TE, Laumann KM, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Dispenzieri A, Kumar S, Reeder CB, Roy V, Lust JA, Gertz MA, Greipp PR, Hassoun H, Mandrekar SJ, Rajkumar SV. A phase III randomized trial of thalidomide plus zoledronic acid versus zoledronic acid alone in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2013 Jan;27(1):220-5. Epub 2012 Aug 20. [https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2012.236 link to original article] '''dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3912579/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22902362/ PubMed] [https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00432458 NCT00432458] |
##'''Update:''' Abdallah N, Witzig TE, Kumar SK, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Dispenzieri A, Roy V, Gertz MA, Bergsagel PL, Rajkumar SV. Phase III randomized trial of Thal+ZLD versus ZLD in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma - updated results after 18-year follow-up. Leukemia. 2024 May;38(5):1169-1171. Epub 2024 Feb 28. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-024-02192-z link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38418610/ PubMed] | ##'''Update:''' Abdallah N, Witzig TE, Kumar SK, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Dispenzieri A, Roy V, Gertz MA, Bergsagel PL, Rajkumar SV. Phase III randomized trial of Thal+ZLD versus ZLD in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma - updated results after 18-year follow-up. Leukemia. 2024 May;38(5):1169-1171. Epub 2024 Feb 28. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-024-02192-z link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38418610/ PubMed] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:41, 15 July 2024
Section editor | |
---|---|
Samuel M. Rubinstein, MD University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
Are you looking for a regimen but can't find it here? For placebo or observational studies in this condition, please visit this page. If you still can't find it, please let us know so we can add it!
Note: due to its size/complexity, multiple myeloma has been split into sub-pages:
- Induction (transplant eligible and ineligible)
- First-line consolidation and maintenance
- Relapsed/refractory, including subsequent consolidation and maintenance
- Smoldering multiple myeloma [this page]
4 regimens on this page
7 variants on this page
|
Guidelines
Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.
NCCN
- NCCN does not currently have guidelines at this granular level; please see NCCN Guidelines - Multiple Myeloma.
All lines of therapy
Lenalidomide monotherapy
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lonial et al. 2019 (ECOG E3A06) | 2011-2013 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | Observation | Superior PFS (primary endpoint) PFS36: 91% vs 66% (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.62) |
Targeted therapy
- Lenalidomide (Revlimid) 25 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 21
Supportive therapy
- Aspirin 325 mg PO once per day
28-day cycles
References
- ECOG E3A06: Lonial S, Jacobus S, Fonseca R, Weiss M, Kumar S, Orlowski RZ, Kaufman JL, Yacoub AM, Buadi FK, O'Brien T, Matous JV, Anderson DM, Emmons RV, Mahindra A, Wagner LI, Dhodapkar MV, Rajkumar SV. Randomized trial of lenalidomide versus observation in smoldering multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Apr 10;38(11):1126-1137. Epub 2019 Oct 25. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article PubMed NCT01169337
Lenalidomide & Dexamethasone (Rd)
Rd: Revlimid (Lenalidomide) & low-dose dexamethasone
Regimen
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mateos et al. 2013 (QUIREDEX) | 2007-2010 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | Observation | Superior TTP (primary endpoint) Median TTP: NYR vs 21 mo (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09-0.32) Superior OS (secondary endpoint) OS36: 94% vs 80% (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.91) |
Note: QUIREDEX did not require modern imaging modalities (such as MRI) to rule out active myeloma, and therefore it is probable that many patients on this study had active as opposed to smoldering multiple myeloma.
Targeted therapy
- Lenalidomide (Revlimid) 25 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 21
Glucocorticoid therapy
- Dexamethasone (Decadron) 20 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 4, 12 to 15
Supportive therapy
- Aspirin 100 mg PO once per day
28-day cycle for 9 cycles
Subsequent treatment
- Lenalidomide maintenance
References
- QUIREDEX: Mateos MV, Hernández MT, Giraldo P, de la Rubia J, de Arriba F, López Corral L, Rosiñol L, Paiva B, Palomera L, Bargay J, Oriol A, Prosper F, López J, Olavarría E, Quintana N, García JL, Bladé J, Lahuerta JJ, San Miguel JF. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 1;369(5):438-47. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors PubMed NCT00480363
- DETER-SMM: NCT03937635
- EFC15992: NCT03941860
- ITHACA: NCT04270409
Melphalan & Prednisone (MP)
MP: Melphalan & Prednisone Note: This regimen is of historical significance
Regimen variant #1, 6 cycles
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Riccardi et al. 2000 (MM87/MM90) | 1987-1993 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | Observation | Did not meet endpoint of OS |
Note: Patients on the observation arm of this study received this regimen at progression to symptomatic MM
Chemotherapy
- Melphalan (Alkeran) 0.21 mg/kg PO once per day on days 1 to 4
Glucocorticoid therapy
- Prednisone (Sterapred) 0.5 mg/kg PO once per day on days 1 to 10
42-day cycle for 6 cycles
Regimen variant #2, Indefinite therapy
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hjorth et al. 1993 | 1983-1988 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | Observation | Did not meet endpoint of OS |
Chemotherapy
- Melphalan (Alkeran) 0.25 mg/kg PO once per day on days 1 to 4
Glucocorticoid therapy
- Prednisone (Sterapred) 2 mg/kg PO once per day on days 1 to 4
42-day cycles
References
- Hjorth M, Hellquist L, Holmberg E, Magnusson B, Rödjer S, Westin J; Myeloma Group of Western Sweden. Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I--a randomized study. Eur J Haematol. 1993 Feb;50(2):95-102. link to original article dosing details in abstract have been reviewed by our editors PubMed
- MM87/MM90: Riccardi A, Mora O, Tinelli C, Valentini D, Brugnatelli S, Spanedda R, De Paoli A, Barbarano L, Di Stasi M, Giordano M, Delfini C, Nicoletti G, Bergonzi C, Rinaldi E, Piccinini L, Ascari E; Cooperative Group of Study and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Long-term survival of stage I multiple myeloma given chemotherapy just after diagnosis or at progression of the disease: a multicentre randomized study. Br J Cancer. 2000 Apr;82(7):1254-60. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article PubMed
Thalidomide monotherapy
Regimen variant #1, 200 mg/d, indefinite therapy
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barlogie et al. 2008 (UARK 98-036) | 1998 to not reported | Phase 2 | ||
Witzig et al. 2012 (MC0289) | 2003-2008 | Phase 3 (E-esc) | Observation | Seems to have superior TTP (primary endpoint) Median TTP: 2.4 vs 1.2 y (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26-0.91) |
Note: Zoledronic acid was received in both the control and experimental arms.
Targeted therapy
- Thalidomide (Thalomid) 200 mg PO once per day
Supportive therapy
- Zoledronic acid (Zometa) 4 mg IV once every three months
Continued indefinitely
Regimen variant #2, 200 -> 600 mg/d, indefinite therapy
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence |
---|---|---|
Weber et al. 2003 | 1999-2001 | Phase 1/2 |
Note: The median maximal tolerated dose in this study for patients with smoldering myeloma was 400 mg PO once per day
Targeted therapy
- Thalidomide (Thalomid) as follows:
- Cycle 1: 200 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 7, then 300 mg PO once per day on days 8 to 14, then 400 mg PO once per day on days 15 to 21, then 500 mg PO once per day on days 22 to 28
- Cycle 2 onwards: 600 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 28
28-day cycles
Regimen variant #3, 200 -> 800 mg/d, indefinite therapy
Study | Dates of enrollment | Evidence |
---|---|---|
Rajkumar et al. 2001 | Not reported | Phase 2 |
Targeted therapy
- Thalidomide (Thalomid) as follows:
- Cycle 1: 200 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 14, then 400 mg PO once per day on days 15 to 28
- Cycle 2: 600 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 14, then 800 mg PO once per day on days 15 to 28
- Cycle 3 onwards: 800 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 28
28-day cycles
References
- Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, Fonseca R, Lacy MQ, Geyer S, Lust JA, Kyle RA, Greipp PR, Gertz MA, Witzig TE. Thalidomide for previously untreated indolent or smoldering multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2001 Aug;15(8):1274-6. link to original article dosing details in abstract have been reviewed by our editors PubMed
- Weber D, Rankin K, Gavino M, Delasalle K, Alexanian R. Thalidomide alone or with dexamethasone for previously untreated multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 1;21(1):16-9. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors PubMed
- UARK 98-036: Barlogie B, van Rhee F, Shaughnessy JD Jr, Epstein J, Yaccoby S, Pineda-Roman M, Hollmig K, Alsayed Y, Hoering A, Szymonifka J, Anaissie E, Petty N, Kumar NS, Srivastava G, Jenkins B, Crowley J, Zeldis JB. Seven-year median time to progression with thalidomide for smoldering myeloma: partial response identifies subset requiring earlier salvage therapy for symptomatic disease. Blood. 2008 Oct 15;112(8):3122-5. Epub 2008 Jul 31. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article PubMed NCT00083382
- MC0289: Witzig TE, Laumann KM, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Dispenzieri A, Kumar S, Reeder CB, Roy V, Lust JA, Gertz MA, Greipp PR, Hassoun H, Mandrekar SJ, Rajkumar SV. A phase III randomized trial of thalidomide plus zoledronic acid versus zoledronic acid alone in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2013 Jan;27(1):220-5. Epub 2012 Aug 20. link to original article dosing details in manuscript have been reviewed by our editors link to PMC article PubMed NCT00432458
- Update: Abdallah N, Witzig TE, Kumar SK, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Dispenzieri A, Roy V, Gertz MA, Bergsagel PL, Rajkumar SV. Phase III randomized trial of Thal+ZLD versus ZLD in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma - updated results after 18-year follow-up. Leukemia. 2024 May;38(5):1169-1171. Epub 2024 Feb 28. link to original article PubMed