Bleeding disorders and risk

Incomplete information; this section will be expanded, clarified, and with references added in the future.

Initial evaluation

Bleeding history (acquired or inherited disorder?)
- Spontaneous or provoked by surgery, tooth extraction, etc.
- Tolerance of prior surgery
- Menses
- Mucocutaneous bleeding, petechiae, oozing at line sites
- Bruising, hemarthrosis
- Family history--known hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand disease (VWD), platelet function disorder
- Need for transfusion or product
History of trauma, surgery
PT/INR
PTT
Platelet count
+/- fibrinogen (DIC), D-dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP)
Kidney disease (uremia)
Medications: anticoagulants, antiplatelet medications such as aspirin and Clopidogrel (Plavix), NSAIDS, antidepressants which cause decrease in platelet function
Vitamin C (scurvy). No fruits or vegetables in diet?

This is a quantitative assessment of bleeding risk based on history, and can predict the likelihood of VWD Type I.

ASH Pocket Guides App contains several calculators including the bleeding score calculator

Tosetto A, Rodeghiero F, Castaman G, Goodeve A, Federici AB, Batlle J, Meyer D, Fressinaud E, Mazurier C, Goudemand J, Eikenboom J, Schneppenheim R, Budde U, Ingerslev J, Vorlova Z, Habart D, Holmberg L, Lethagen S, Pasi J, Hill F, Peake I. A quantitative analysis of bleeding symptoms in type 1 von Willebrand disease: results from a multicenter European study (MCMDM-1 VWD). J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Apr;4(4):766-73. link to original article PubMed

1:1 mixing study (50/50 mixing study, circulating anticoagulant)
Liver disease
Elevated PT only
- Vitamin K deficiency
  - Warfarin
  - Dietary habits
  - Antibiotic use
  - Malnutrition
  - Increased gut motility
- Deficiency or inhibitor of factor VII
- Lupus anticoagulant (rarely)
Elevated PTT only
- Heparin
- Deficiencies of factor VIII, factor IX, factor XI, factor XII, or inhibitors.
- Not associated with increased bleeding risk: Prekallikrein deficiency, high molecular weight kininogen deficiency, factor XII deficiency
- von Willebrand disease
- Lupus anticoagulant
Elevated PT & PTT
- Deficiences of prothrombin (factor II), factor V, factor X, fibrinogen
- DIC