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Guidelines
"How I Treat"
- 2011: Lamy T, Loughran TP Jr. How I treat LGL leukemia. Blood. 2011 Mar 10;117(10):2764-74. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
NCCN
- NCCN Guidelines - T-cell Lymphomas - contains information about T-cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia
Initial therapy
Cyclophosphamide monotherapy
Regimen
| Study | Evidence |
|---|---|
| Bareau et al. 2010 | Retrospective |
These are retrospective series, of which Bareau et al. 2010 is representative. The most common dose reported is 100 mg PO once per day; some authors mentions co-administration of steroids but details are not supplied.
Immunosuppressive therapy
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 50 to 100 mg PO once per day
Lamy et al. 2011 recommends that patients who are responding are continued on treatment for 6 to 12 months; patients who do not respond within 4 months of therapy are discontinued
References
- Retrospective: Go RS, Li CY, Tefferi A, Phyliky RL. Acquired pure red cell aplasia associated with lymphoproliferative disease of granular T lymphocytes. Blood. 2001 Jul 15;98(2):483-5. link to original article PubMed
- Retrospective: Bareau B, Rey J, Hamidou M, Donadieu J, Morcet J, Reman O, Schleinitz N, Tournilhac O, Roussel M, Fest T, Lamy T. Analysis of a French cohort of patients with large granular lymphocyte leukemia: a report on 229 cases. Haematologica. 2010 Sep;95(9):1534-41. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed content property of HemOnc.org
- Retrospective: Moignet A, Hasanali Z, Zambello R, Pavan L, Bareau B, Tournilhac O, Roussel M, Fest T, Awwad A, Baab K, Semenzato G, Houot R, Loughran TP Jr, Lamy T. Cyclophosphamide as a first-line therapy in LGL leukemia. Leukemia. 2014 May;28(5):1134-6. Epub 2013 Nov 27. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
Methotrexate & Prednisone
Regimen
| Study | Evidence |
|---|---|
| Loughran et al. 2014 (ECOG E5998) | Phase 2 |
Immunosuppressive therapy
- Methotrexate (MTX) 10 mg/m2/day PO in divided doses once per day on days 1, 8, 15, 22
- Details not described in ECOG E5998; Lamy et al. 2011 divides the 10 mg/m2 methotrexate dose into 5 mg/m2 in the morning and 5 mg/m2 in the evening
- Prednisone (Sterapred) 1 mg/kg PO once per day for 30 days, then tapered off over 24 days (details not described)
28-day cycles
Subsequent treatment
- Patients with PR: continue up to one year
- Patients with CR: continue for one month past documented CR
- Non-responders were transitioned to cyclophosphamide & prednisone
References
- ECOG E5998: Loughran TP Jr, Zickl L, Olson TL, Wang V, Zhang D, Rajala HL, Hasanali Z, Bennett JM, Lazarus HM, Litzow MR, Evens AM, Mustjoki S, Tallman MS. Immunosuppressive therapy of LGL leukemia: prospective multicenter phase II study by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E5998). Leukemia. 2015 Apr;29(4):886-94. Epub 2014 Sep 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed
Relapsed or refractory
Cyclophosphamide & Prednisone
Regimen
| Study | Evidence | Efficacy |
|---|---|---|
| Loughran et al. 2014 (ECOG E5998) | Phase 2 | ORR: 64% (95% CI, 35-87) |
Note: Patients with PR continue up to one year; patients with CR continue for one month past documented CR.
Preceding treatment
- Methotrexate & prednisone, with treatment failure
Immunosuppressive therapy
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 100 mg PO once per day
- Prednisone (Sterapred) 1 mg/kg PO once per day for 30 days, then tapered off over 24 days (details not described)
28-day cycles (see note)
References
- ECOG E5998: Loughran TP Jr, Zickl L, Olson TL, Wang V, Zhang D, Rajala HL, Hasanali Z, Bennett JM, Lazarus HM, Litzow MR, Evens AM, Mustjoki S, Tallman MS. Immunosuppressive therapy of LGL leukemia: prospective multicenter phase II study by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E5998). Leukemia. 2015 Apr;29(4):886-94. Epub 2014 Sep 13. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript link to PMC article PubMed