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| − | '''Use of this site is subject to you reading and agreeing with the terms set forth in the [[HemOnc.org_-_A_Hematology_Oncology_Wiki:General_disclaimer|disclaimer]].'''
| + | <span id="BackToTop"></span> |
| − | | + | <div class="noprint" style="background-color:LightGray; position:fixed; bottom:2%; right:0.25%; padding-left:5px; padding-right:5px; margin: 15px; opacity:0.8; border-style: solid; border-color:DarkGray; border-width: 1px"> |
| − | Is there a regimen missing from this list? Would you like to share a different dosage/schedule or an additional reference for a regimen? Have you noticed an error? Do you have an idea that will help the site grow to better meet your needs and the needs of many others? You are [[How_to_contribute|invited to contribute to the site]].
| + | [[#top|Back to Top]] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | {{#lst:Editorial board transclusions|sarcoma}} |
| | + | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-right: 5px;" |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |<div style="background-color: #fee0d1; border: 1px solid #808000; padding: 5px; {{border-radius|16px}}" align="right"><font size="4"><b>{{#ask: [[-Has subobject::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] |?Regimen |limit=10000|format=sum}} [[Tutorial#Regimens|regimens]] on this page</b></font></div> |
| | + | <div style="background-color: #deebf6; border: 1px solid #808000; padding: 5px; {{border-radius|16px}}"><font size="4"><b>{{#ask: [[-Has subobject::{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] |?Variant |limit=10000|format=sum}} [[Tutorial#Variants|variants]] on this page</b></font></div> |
| | + | |} |
| | + | {{TOC limit|limit=3}} |
| | + | <big>Note: this page is for subtype-nonspecific bone sarcoma regimens, and some subtypes with very few subtype-specific regimens. Please see the [[:Category:Bone sarcomas|category page]] for links to other sarcoma types or use one of these links: |
| | + | *[[Ewing sarcoma]] |
| | + | *[[Giant-cell tumor of bone]] |
| | + | *[[Osteosarcoma]] |
| | + | </big> |
| | + | =Guidelines= |
| | + | '''Given the rapid change in evidence in many areas of hematology/oncology, readers are encouraged to consider any guideline published 5+ years ago to be for historical purposes, only.''' |
| | + | ==[https://www.esmo.org/ ESMO]/EURACAN/GENTURIS/PaedCan== |
| | + | *'''2021:''' Strauss et al. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1995 Bone sarcomas: ESMO–EURACAN–GENTURIS–ERN PaedCan Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34500044/ PubMed] |
| | + | **'''2018:''' Casali et al. [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy310 Bone sarcomas: ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30285218/ PubMed] |
| | + | **'''2014:''' [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu256 Bone sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25210081/ PubMed] |
| | + | **'''2012:''' [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds254 Bone sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22997441/ PubMed] |
| | + | **'''2010:''' Hogendoorn et al. [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdq223 Bone sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20555083/ PubMed] |
| | | | |
| − | {{TOC limit|limit=3}}
| + | ==NCCN== |
| | + | *[https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1418 NCCN Guidelines - Bone Cancer] |
| | + | *'''2013:''' Biermann et al. [https://doi.org/10.6004/Jnccn.2013.0088 Bone cancer.] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23744868/ PubMed] |
| | + | *'''2010:''' Biermann et al. [https://doi.org/10.6004/Jnccn.2010.0051 Bone cancer.] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20581300/ PubMed] |
| | + | *'''2007:''' Biermann et al. [https://doi.org/10.6004/Jnccn.2007.0037 Bone cancer.] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17442233/ PubMed] |
| | + | *'''2005:''' Biermann et al. Bone cancer clinical practice guidelines. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19817025/ PubMed] |
| | | | |
| − | =Chondrosarcoma= | + | =Chondrosarcoma, all lines of therapy= |
| | *No standard chemotherapy for grades 1 to 3 conventional chondrosarcoma | | *No standard chemotherapy for grades 1 to 3 conventional chondrosarcoma |
| − | *Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma has been treated with [[#Ewing.27s_sarcoma|Ewing's sarcoma regimens]] | + | *Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma has been treated with [[Ewing's sarcoma|Ewing's sarcoma regimens]] |
| − | *Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma has been treated with [[#Osteosarcoma|osteosarcoma regimens]] | + | *Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma has been treated with [[Osteosarcoma|osteosarcoma regimens]] |
| − | | |
| − | =Ewing's sarcoma=
| |
| − | ==Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) & Topotecan (Hycamtin)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Saylors, et al. 2001===
| |
| − | Level of Evidence:
| |
| − | <span
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| − | style="background:#EEEE00;
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| − | padding:3px 6px 3px 6px;
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| − | border-color:black;
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| − | border-width:2px;
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| − | border-style:solid;">Phase II</span>
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| − | | |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 250 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5, given first
| |
| − | *[[Topotecan (Hycamtin)]] 0.75 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5, given second
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 12 to 14 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *500 mL/m/2 fluids PO/IV 2 to 4 hours before chemotherapy
| |
| − | *Antiemetics as premedication before chemotherapy
| |
| − | *3 liters/m2 PO/IV over 24 hours after chemotherapy
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting on day 6, to continue until ANC is at least 1500 after the nadir period
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Hunold, et al. 2006===
| |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 250 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5
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| − | *[[Topotecan (Hycamtin)]] 0.75 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5
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| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 12 to 14 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]], antiemetics, fluids, and [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] "according to institutional standards"
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | *Surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *Radiation therapy for all other lesions.
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| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Saylors RL 3rd, Stine KC, Sullivan J, Kepner JL, Wall DA, Bernstein ML, Harris MB, Hayashi R, Vietti TJ; Pediatric Oncology Group. Cyclophosphamide plus topotecan in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors: a Pediatric Oncology Group phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Aug 1;19(15):3463-9. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/15/3463.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11481351 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Hunold A, Weddeling N, Paulussen M, Ranft A, Liebscher C, Jürgens H. Topotecan and cyclophosphamide in patients with refractory or relapsed Ewing tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006 Nov;47(6):795-800. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.20719/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16411206 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) & Topotecan (Hycamtin) - high dose==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 2100 mg/m2/day (4200 mg/m2 total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 & 2; infusion starts second after mesna has started
| |
| − | **Children 10 years or younger received [[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 70 mg/kg/day (140 mg/kg total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | **Cyclophosphamide is given in D5NS with 10 mEq potassium chloride (KCl) and 5 mg Furosemide (Lasix) per 500 mL fluid. 500 mL total volume is used for patients with body surface area <1 m2; 1000 mL total volume is used for patients with BSA of at least 1 m2
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 2100 mg/m2/day (6300 mg/m2 total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 to 3; infusion starts first
| |
| − | **Children 10 years or younger received [[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 70 mg/kg/day (210 mg/kg total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | ***If body surface area <1 m2, mesna is given in 500 mL NS over 24 hours
| |
| − | ***If body surface area is at least 1 m2, mesna is given in 1000 mL NS over 24 hours
| |
| − | *[[Topotecan (Hycamtin)]] 2 mg/m2/day (6 mg/m2 total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 to 3; suspended in D5W; infusion starts third after mesna and cyclophosphamide have started
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''subsequent cycles to start when ANC >1000 and platelets >75,000'''
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| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *On day 1, prior to chemotherapy, 20 mL/kg normal saline IV bolus over 30 minutes, then D5 1/2 NS with 15 mEq KCl per 500 mL at 200 mL/m2/H until urine specific gravity <1.010, then start mesna & cyclophosphamide
| |
| − | *Additional hydration fluid on days 1 & 2 so that, when added to volumes of cyclophosphamide, mesna, and topotecan, total volume of fluids is 3000 mL/m2/24 hours
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| − | *Additional hydration fluid on day 3 at 150 mL/m2/hour for 6-12 hours after completion of cyclophosphamide infusion
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| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting one day after completion of chemotherapy, to continue until ANC is at least 1000
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Kushner BH, Kramer K, Meyers PA, Wollner N, Cheung NK. Pilot study of topotecan and high-dose cyclophosphamide for resistant pediatric solid tumors. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000 Nov;35(5):468-74. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1096-911X%2820001101%2935:5%3C468::AID-MPO5%3E3.0.CO;2-P/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11070479 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Docetaxel (Taxotere) & Gemcitabine (Gemzar)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''<br>''Only 2 of the 22 patients in this retrospective review had Ewing sarcoma.''
| |
| − | *[[Docetaxel (Taxotere)]] 75-100 mg/m2 IV over 60 minutes on day 8, given after gemcitabine
| |
| − | *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 675 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Ondansetron (Zofran)]] prior to chemotherapy on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | *[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] starting either the day before or the day of docetaxel, and continued for 2 days after docetaxel
| |
| − | *H1 or H2 blockers such as Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Ranitidine (Zantac) prior to chemotherapy on days 1 & 8 per physician discretion
| |
| − | *Some patients received [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] starting on day 9
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Navid F, Willert JR, McCarville MB, Furman W, Watkins A, Roberts W, Daw NC. Combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel in the treatment of children and young adults with refractory bone sarcoma. Cancer. 2008 Jul 15;113(2):419-25. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.23586/full link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484657 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==EVAIA==
| |
| − | EVAIA: '''<u>E</u>'''toposide, '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, D'''<u>A</u>'''ctinomycin
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | Initial therapy:
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 150 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.5 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 2 & 4
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3; primary reference does not comment about the use of Mesna (Mesnex)
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 3, 5
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| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 4 initial cycles, then proceed to local therapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | *Surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *For patients not undergoing surgery, with incomplete surgical resection, or poor histologic response, 54.4 Gy of radiation is administered
| |
| − | *For patients with a good histologic response, 44.8 Gy of radiation is administered
| |
| − | *Additional details about particular clinical scenarios can be found in the original reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Chemotherapy after local therapy:
| |
| − | *10 additional cycles of EVAIA as described above
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Paulussen M, Craft AW, Lewis I, Hackshaw A, Douglas C, Dunst J, Schuck A, Winkelmann W, Köhler G, Poremba C, Zoubek A, Ladenstein R, van den Berg H, Hunold A, Cassoni A, Spooner D, Grimer R, Whelan J, McTiernan A, Jürgens H; European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study-92. Results of the EICESS-92 Study: two randomized trials of Ewing's sarcoma treatment--cyclophosphamide compared with ifosfamide in standard-risk patients and assessment of benefit of etoposide added to standard treatment in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 20;26(27):4385-93. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/26/27/4385.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802150 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==ICE - Ifosfamide (Ifex), Carboplatin (Paraplatin), Etoposide (Vepesid)==
| |
| − | ICE: '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>C</u>'''arboplatin, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide
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| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''<br>''The reference did not mention [[Mesna (Mesnex)]] being used.''
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 1800 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
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| − | *[[Carboplatin (Paraplatin)]] 400 mg/m2 IV "for 2 days"--the reference did not explicitly say which 2 days carboplatin should be given on
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| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
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| − | *Resection of disease was allowed after 4 cycles based on patient's response to ICE
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| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles''', with next cycle starting as soon as ANC is at least 1000 and platelet count is at least 100,000
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| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
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| − | *Depending on the study the patients were enrolled on, they received one of the following:
| |
| − | **CCG-0894: [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 or 10 mcg/kg/day SC daily, starting 24 hours after completing ICE, and to continue until day 18 if ANC is at least 1000, or until ANC is at least 1000 post nadir, whichever comes later
| |
| − | **CCG-0924: PIXY 321 at doses of 500/750/1000 mcg/m2 daily or 500 mcg/m2 BID SQ, starting on day 5 and to continue until day 18 unless ANC reached 20,000 or platelet count is at least 900,000 for 2 days between days 13-18, or until ANC is at least 1000 and platelet count is at least 100,000, whichever comes later
| |
| − | **CCG-0931: [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg/day SC daily and IL-6 at 2.5, 3.75, or 5.0 mcg/kg SC BID, starting 24 hours after completing ICE. Filgrastim is continued until ANC is at least 1000, and IL-6 is continued until platelets are at least 100,000 for 2 consecutive days or until day 35, whichever comes sooner.
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| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Van Winkle P, Angiolillo A, Krailo M, Cheung YK, Anderson B, Davenport V, Reaman G, Cairo MS. Ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) reinduction chemotherapy in a large cohort of children and adolescents with recurrent/refractory sarcoma: the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005 Apr;44(4):338-47. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.20227/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15503297 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==IE - Ifosfamide (Ifex) & Etoposide (Vepesid)==
| |
| − | IE: '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 1800 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5, given second, together with loading dose of mesna
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| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 2880 mg/m2 total dose on days 1 to 5, given second with irinotecan as follows
| |
| − | **Mesna 360 mg/m2 IV loading dose over 1 hour
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| − | **Then Mesna 120 mg/m2/hour IV continuous infusion x 3 hours
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| − | **Then Mesna 360 mg/m2 over 15 minutes Q3hours (given at hours 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20) x 6 doses; doses after hour 5 can be given PO or IV
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 1 to 5, given first
| |
| − | *For patients responding to therapy after 4 cycles, local therapy with surgery or radiation is used to try to achieve a complete remission
| |
| − | **Radiation therapy consisted of 1.8 Gy fractions given for a total dose of 50-55 Gy
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| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 12 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Miser JS, Kinsella TJ, Triche TJ, Tsokos M, Jarosinski P, Forquer R, Wesley R, Magrath I. Ifosfamide with mesna uroprotection and etoposide: an effective regimen in the treatment of recurrent sarcomas and other tumors of children and young adults. J Clin Oncol. 1987 Aug;5(8):1191-8. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/5/8/1191.abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3114435 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==TC -> IE, VDoxoC, VEC - POG 9457==
| |
| − | TC -> IE, VDoxoC, VEC: '''<u>T</u>'''opotecan, '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide -> '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide; '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>Doxo</u>'''rubicin, '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide; '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide, '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide<br>
| |
| − | POG: '''<u>P</u>'''ediatric '''<u>O</u>'''ncology '''<u>G</u>'''roup
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | ''This is a complex regimen, and it is suggested to refer to the primary reference and figure 1 for the protocol schema. One arm of patients in this trial received [[Amifostine (Ethyol)]], but its usage is not described below since it did not result in improved outcomes.''<br>
| |
| − | Optional initial window for stable patients without significantly impaired function or life-threatening disease:
| |
| − | *[[Topotecan (Hycamtin)]] 2.4 mg/m2/day IV once per day on days 1 to 5
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| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting on day 6, to continue until ANC is at least 5000 after nadir
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''5-day course'''
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| − | | |
| − | TC upfront window (starts at week 0):
| |
| − | *[[Topotecan (Hycamtin)]] 0.75 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 250 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5; given first
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| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
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| − | *Prehydration with 500 mL/m2 D5 1/4 NS
| |
| − | *1500 mL/m2 PO/IV hydration continuous for 24 hours after chemotherapy
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting on day 6, to continue until ANC is at least 5000 after nadir
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| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x up to 2 cycles'''--patients with progression after the first cycle moved immediately to induction therapy
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| − | | |
| − | High-dose induction therapy (starts at week 6):
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| − | <br>IE for cycles 1, 3, 5 (starts at week 6):
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3600 mg/m2 IV over 2 hours on days 1 to 5, given second, after etoposide; administered in 200 mL/m2 D5 1/2 NS
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 4000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV over 45 minutes on days 1 to 5, given first, before ifosfamide; administered in 250 mL/m2 of D5 1/2 NS
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| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *"Vigorous hydration," antiemetics
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x a total of 3 cycles of IE, alternating with VDoxoC'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | VDoxoC for cycles 2 & 4 (starts at week 9):
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV bolus on days 1, 8, 15, given first, prior to cyclophosphamide
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 37.5 mg/m2/day (75 mg/m2 total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 & 2, given third; administered in 2400 mL/m2/day (4800 mL/m2 total volume) of D5 1/2 NS
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 2100 mg/m2/day (4200 mg/m2 total dose) IV over 30 minutes on days 1 & 2, given second after vincristine; administered in 200 mL/m2 D5 1/2 NS
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 2400 mg/m2 total dose IV; exact schedule not specified by reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting on day 4, 24 hours after chemotherapy is complete
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x a total of 2 cycles of VDoxoC, alternating with IE'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy for primary disease and ongoing chemotherapy (starts at week 21):<br>
| |
| − | VDoxoC:
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV once per day on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 37.5 mg/m2/day (75 mg/m2 total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1500 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]], dosage & schedule not specified by reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycle x 1 cycle, followed by local control'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local control (after week 21):
| |
| − | *Choice of modality between surgical and radiation therapy options is at the discretion of the provider
| |
| − | *Patients treated with radiation along received 45 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions to the initial tumor volume; additional treatment up to a total of 55.8 Gy was administered to original bony tumors and the postinduction chemotherapy soft tissue volumes plus a 2 cm margin
| |
| − | *See primary reference for details about radiation therapy in a variety of clinical scenarios
| |
| − | | |
| − | Further VEC chemotherapy after local control (starts at "week 24," but depending on what local therapy precedes it, may be at a different point in the schedule):
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV once per day on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 150 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1500 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *Use of [[Mesna (Mesnex)]] not specified by reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 2 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Continuation therapy (starts at week 30):<br>
| |
| − | IE:
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2100 mg/m2/day IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]], dosage & schedule not specified by reference
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycle x 1 cycle'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | VDoxoC:
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 37.5 mg/m2/day (75 mg/m2 total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 2100 mg/m2/day (4200 mg/m2 total dose) IV once per day on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] dosage & schedule not specified by reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycle x 1 cycle'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | IE:
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2100 mg/m2/day IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]], dosage & schedule not specified by reference
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycle x 1 cycle'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy for metastatic disease and ongoing chemotherapy (starts at week 39):<br>
| |
| − | VDoxoC (starts at week 39):
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV once per day on days 1 & 8; note: the day 8 dose is not described in the text but is described in figure 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 37.5 mg/m2/day (75 mg/m2 total dose) IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 2100 mg/m2/day (4200 mg/m2 total dose) IV once per day on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] dosage & schedule not specified by reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycle x 1 cycle, then local control of metastatic disease'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local control of metastatic disease (after week 39):
| |
| − | *Choice of modality between surgical and radiation therapy options is at the discretion of the provider
| |
| − | *Radiation therapy could be used to treat up to three sites of metastatic disease
| |
| − | *See primary reference for details about radiation therapy in a variety of clinical scenarios
| |
| − | | |
| − | Further VEC chemotherapy after local control (starts at "week 42," but depending on what local therapy precedes it, may be at a different point in the schedule):
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV once per day on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 150 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1500 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *Use of [[Mesna (Mesnex)]] not specified by reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting 24-48 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 2 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Bernstein ML, Devidas M, Lafreniere D, Souid AK, Meyers PA, Gebhardt M, Stine K, Nicholas R, Perlman EJ, Dubowy R, Wainer IW, Dickman PS, Link MP, Goorin A, Grier HE; Pediatric Oncology Group; Children's Cancer Group Phase II Study 9457; Children's Oncology Group. Intensive therapy with growth factor support for patients with Ewing tumor metastatic at diagnosis: Pediatric Oncology Group/Children's Cancer Group Phase II Study 9457--a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 1;24(1):152-9. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/24/1/152.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16382125 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Temozolomide (Temodar) & Irinotecan (Camptosar)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Casey, et al., 2009===
| |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''
| |
| − | *[[Temozolomide (Temodar)]] 100 mg/m2 PO on days 1 to 5, used 1 hour prior to irinotecan
| |
| − | *[[Irinotecan (Camptosar)]] 20 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 1 to 5, 8 to 12, given after temozolomide
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles, given until progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Cefixime (Suprax) prophylaxis starting 1 to 2 days prior to irinotecan, continuing until the completion of each cycle
| |
| − | *Activated charcoal, with 5x the dose in mg of the irinotecan dose, maximum of 260 mg PO TID during irinotecan therapy
| |
| − | *Loperamide (Imodium) prn diarrhea
| |
| − | *Patient "advised to maintain hydration"
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Wagner, et al., 2004 & Wagner, et al., 2007===
| |
| − | ''The NCCN, Bone Cancer version 2.2012, also says that [[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] can be added to this regimen. No primary reference for this is available.''
| |
| − | *[[Temozolomide (Temodar)]] 100 mg/m2 PO on days 1 to 5, used 1 hour prior to irinotecan
| |
| − | *[[Irinotecan (Camptosar)]] 10 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 1 to 5, 8 to 12, given after temozolomide
| |
| − | **[[Irinotecan (Camptosar)]] 15 mg/m2 was also studied, but this dose was not recommended due to dose-limiting toxicities of diarrhea and infection
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''28-day cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Loperamide (Imodium) prn diarrhea
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Wagner LM, Crews KR, Iacono LC, Houghton PJ, Fuller CE, McCarville MB, Goldsby RE, Albritton K, Stewart CF, Santana VM. Phase I trial of temozolomide and protracted irinotecan in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 1;10(3):840-8. [http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/10/3/840.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14871959 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Wagner LM, McAllister N, Goldsby RE, Rausen AR, McNall-Knapp RY, McCarville MB, Albritton K. Temozolomide and intravenous irinotecan for treatment of advanced Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Feb;48(2):132-9. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.20697/abstract link to original article] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16317751 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Casey DA, Wexler LH, Merchant MS, Chou AJ, Merola PR, Price AP, Meyers PA. Irinotecan and temozolomide for Ewing sarcoma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Dec;53(6):1029-34. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.22206/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19637327 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==VAC (CVD)==
| |
| − | VAC: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide
| |
| − | <br>CVD: '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide, '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>D</u>'''oxorubicin or '''<u>D</u>'''actinomycin
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 IV on day 1; primary reference does not say the dose is capped at a maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle, but note that Grier, et al. 2003 uses a capped dose in the VAC/IE regimen
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 75 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1200 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 3 cycles, then local therapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | *Surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *Radiation therapy to all metastatic sites of disease in addition to any radiation planned for primary tumor.
| |
| − | *If only radiation therapy is used, 4500 cGy of radiation is administered to the tumor volume plus a 3 cm margin, followed by 1080 cGy to only the preradiation tumor volume, for a total dose of 5580 cGy
| |
| − | *Residual tumor after surgery and lung metastases are treated with "dose-volume guidelines for gross residual disease"
| |
| − | | |
| − | After local therapy is complete, 2 more cycles of VAC as above are given, for a total of 5 cycles. This is then followed by:
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1200 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 IV on day 1; primary reference does not say the dose is capped at a maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle, but note that Grier, et al. 2003 uses a capped dose in the VAC/IE regimen
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 1.25 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 12 additional cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Miser JS, Krailo MD, Tarbell NJ, Link MP, Fryer CJ, Pritchard DJ, Gebhardt MC, Dickman PS, Perlman EJ, Meyers PA, Donaldson SS, Moore S, Rausen AR, Vietti TJ, Grier HE. Treatment of metastatic Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone: evaluation of combination ifosfamide and etoposide--a Children's Cancer Group and Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jul 15;22(14):2873-6. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/22/14/2873.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15254055 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==VACA==
| |
| − | VACA: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide, D'''<u>A</u>'''ctinomycin
| |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Paulussen, et al. 2001===
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15, 22
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 2, 43, 44
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1200 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 & 43; [[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 400 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 22, 23, 24
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] "as appropriate"
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 22, 23, 24
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''9-week cycles x 1 initial cycle, then proceed to local therapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | *Complete surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *Patients not undergoing surgery receive 60 Gy radiation to the tumor bulk, with the tumor-bearing compartment receiving at least 44.8 Gy
| |
| − | *Patients with incomplete surgical resection or poor histologic response received 44.8 Gy of radiation
| |
| − | | |
| − | Chemotherapy after local therapy for high risk patients involves 3 additional cycles of VACA as described above.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Paulussen, et al. 2008===
| |
| − | ''In Paulussen, et al. 2008, this regimen was only part of a larger treatment scheme. See how this is incorporated with VAIA below.''
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.5 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 2 & 4
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1200 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 3, 5
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 10 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Paulussen M, Ahrens S, Dunst J, Winkelmann W, Exner GU, Kotz R, Amann G, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Harms D, Müller-Weihrich S, Welte K, Kornhuber B, Janka-Schaub G, Göbel U, Treuner J, Voûte PA, Zoubek A, Gadner H, Jürgens H. Localized Ewing tumor of bone: final results of the cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study CESS 86. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 15;19(6):1818-29. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/6/1818.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251014 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Paulussen M, Craft AW, Lewis I, Hackshaw A, Douglas C, Dunst J, Schuck A, Winkelmann W, Köhler G, Poremba C, Zoubek A, Ladenstein R, van den Berg H, Hunold A, Cassoni A, Spooner D, Grimer R, Whelan J, McTiernan A, Jürgens H; European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study-92. Results of the EICESS-92 Study: two randomized trials of Ewing's sarcoma treatment--cyclophosphamide compared with ifosfamide in standard-risk patients and assessment of benefit of etoposide added to standard treatment in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 20;26(27):4385-93. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/26/27/4385.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802150 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==VAC/IE==
| |
| − | VAC/IE: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide, alternating with '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide
| |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Grier, et al. 2003===
| |
| − | VAC:
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle) IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 75 mg/m2 IV bolus on day 1
| |
| − | **If total Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) dose received by the patient is at least 375 mg/m2, [[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 1.25 mg/m2 IV on day 1 is used instead
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1200 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] after Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) for prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis; primary reference did not list dosage/schedule
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles, alternating with IE, for up to 17 total cycles of chemotherapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | IE:
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 1800 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] with Ifosfamide (Ifex); primary reference did not list dosage/schedule
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles, alternating with VAC, for up to 17 total cycles of chemotherapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local control of disease:
| |
| − | <br>''Starting on week 12. Local control plan can include radiation therapy, surgery, or both depending on physician judgement.''
| |
| − | *Surgery can be performed for resectable tumors. No radiation therapy is given for completely resected primary tumors with negative margins.
| |
| − | **For residual tumor after surgery, 4500 cGy radiation is administered to the original tumor volume plus a 1 cm margin
| |
| − | *If only radiation therapy is used, 4500 cGy of radiation is administered to the tumor volume plus a 3 cm margin, followed by 1080 cGy to only the preradiation tumor volume, for a total dose of 5580 cGy
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Miser, et al. 2004===
| |
| − | VAC:
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 2 mg/m2 IV on day 1; Miser, et al. 2004 does not say the dose is capped at a maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle, but note that Grier, et al. 2003 uses a capped dose
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 75 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1200 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles, alternating with IE, for up to 17 total cycles of chemotherapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | IE:
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 1800 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] with Ifosfamide (Ifex); primary reference did not list dosage/schedule
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles, alternating with VAC, for up to 17 total cycles of chemotherapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | <br>''Starting on week 9.''
| |
| − | *Surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *Radiation therapy to all metastatic sites of disease in addition to any radiation planned for primary tumor.
| |
| − | *If only radiation therapy is used, 4500 cGy of radiation is administered to the tumor volume plus a 3 cm margin, followed by 1080 cGy to only the preradiation tumor volume, for a total dose of 5580 cGy
| |
| − | *Residual tumor after surgery and lung metastases are treated with "dose-volume guidelines for gross residual disease"
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Grier HE, Krailo MD, Tarbell NJ, Link MP, Fryer CJ, Pritchard DJ, Gebhardt MC, Dickman PS, Perlman EJ, Meyers PA, Donaldson SS, Moore S, Rausen AR, Vietti TJ, Miser JS. Addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 20;348(8):694-701. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa020890 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594313 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Miser JS, Krailo MD, Tarbell NJ, Link MP, Fryer CJ, Pritchard DJ, Gebhardt MC, Dickman PS, Perlman EJ, Meyers PA, Donaldson SS, Moore S, Rausen AR, Vietti TJ, Grier HE. Treatment of metastatic Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone: evaluation of combination ifosfamide and etoposide--a Children's Cancer Group and Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jul 15;22(14):2873-6. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/22/14/2873.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15254055 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==VAIA (VAI)==
| |
| − | VAIA: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, D'''<u>A</u>'''ctinomycin<br>
| |
| − | VAI: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide
| |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Paulussen, et al. 2008===
| |
| − | Initial therapy:
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.5 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 2 & 4
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3; primary reference does not comment about the use of Mesna (Mesnex)
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 3, 5
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 4 initial cycles, then proceed to local therapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | *Surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *For patients not undergoing surgery, with incomplete surgical resection, or poor histologic response, 54.4 Gy of radiation is administered
| |
| − | *For patients with a good histologic response, 44.8 Gy of radiation is administered
| |
| − | *Additional details about particular clinical scenarios can be found in the original reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | Chemotherapy after local therapy for high risk patients involves 10 additional cycles of VAIA as described above. Standard risk patients receive:
| |
| − | *10 cycles of VAIA as described above
| |
| − | *OR 10 cycles of VACA:
| |
| − | VACA: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>C</u>'''yclophosphamide, D'''<u>A</u>'''ctinomycin
| |
| − | **[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.5 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | **[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 2 & 4
| |
| − | **[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 1200 mg/m2 IV on day 1
| |
| − | **[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 3, 5
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 10 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Paulussen, et al. 2001===
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15, 22
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 2, 43, 44
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 2, 22, 23, 43, 44
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] "as appropriate"
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.5 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 22, 23, 24
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''9-week cycles x 1 initial cycle, then proceed to local therapy'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | *Complete surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *Patients not undergoing surgery receive 60 Gy radiation to the tumor bulk, with the tumor-bearing compartment receiving at least 44.8 Gy
| |
| − | *Patients with incomplete surgical resection or poor histologic response received 44.8 Gy of radiation
| |
| − | | |
| − | Chemotherapy after local therapy for high risk patients involves 3 additional cycles of VAIA as described above.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Paulussen M, Ahrens S, Dunst J, Winkelmann W, Exner GU, Kotz R, Amann G, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Harms D, Müller-Weihrich S, Welte K, Kornhuber B, Janka-Schaub G, Göbel U, Treuner J, Voûte PA, Zoubek A, Gadner H, Jürgens H. Localized Ewing tumor of bone: final results of the cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study CESS 86. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 15;19(6):1818-29. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/6/1818.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251014 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Paulussen M, Craft AW, Lewis I, Hackshaw A, Douglas C, Dunst J, Schuck A, Winkelmann W, Köhler G, Poremba C, Zoubek A, Ladenstein R, van den Berg H, Hunold A, Cassoni A, Spooner D, Grimer R, Whelan J, McTiernan A, Jürgens H; European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study-92. Results of the EICESS-92 Study: two randomized trials of Ewing's sarcoma treatment--cyclophosphamide compared with ifosfamide in standard-risk patients and assessment of benefit of etoposide added to standard treatment in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 20;26(27):4385-93. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/26/27/4385.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802150 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==VIDE==
| |
| − | VIDE: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>D</u>'''oxorubicin, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV push on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2 IV over 1 to 3 hours on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 1000 mg/m2 IV push 1 hour prior to ifosfamide on day 1, then 3000 mg/m2/day IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 20 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 150 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 6 initial cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *2 to 3 liters/m2 hydration per day
| |
| − | *Recommended, but not required: [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily x 10 days, starting 24 hours after completion of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Further therapy is dictated by patient characteristics & response; details can be found in the primary reference
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Juergens C, Weston C, Lewis I, Whelan J, Paulussen M, Oberlin O, Michon J, Zoubek A, Juergens H, Craft A. Safety assessment of intensive induction with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) in the treatment of Ewing tumors in the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 clinical trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006 Jul;47(1):22-9. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.20820/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16572419 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==VIDE -> VAI +/- HD SCT==
| |
| − | VIDE: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>D</u>'''oxorubicin, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide<br>
| |
| − | VAI: '''<u>V</u>'''incristine, D'''<u>A</u>'''ctinomycin, '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide<br>
| |
| − | HD SCT: '''<u>H</u>'''igh '''<u>D</u>'''ose chemotherapy with busulphan and melphalan and '''<u>S</u>'''tem '''<u>C</u>'''ell '''<u>T</u>'''ransplant
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | Initial therapy:
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.4 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 20 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 150 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x up to 6 initial cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Local therapy:
| |
| − | *Complete surgical removal of tumors is done when possible.
| |
| − | *Patients not undergoing surgery receive radiation therapy (dosage/schedule not specified) concurrent with consolidation chemotherapy with VAI per the scenarios below.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients who presented with localized disease received consolidation with VAI:
| |
| − | *[[Vincristine (Oncovin)]] 1.4 mg/m2 (maximum dose per cycle is 2mg) IV on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.75 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day IV continuous 24-hour infusion on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *If appropriate, concurrent radiation therapy given sometime during the cycles 1 to 3
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x up to 8 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients who presented with metastatic disease received one or more cycles of VAI as described above, but were also considered for high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell support after VAI:
| |
| − | *[[Busulfan (Myleran)]] 150 mg/m2 IV once per day on days -6 to -3
| |
| − | *[[Melphalan (Alkeran)]] 140 mg/m2 IV on day 2
| |
| − | *Peripheral blood stem cell rescue on day 0, using at least 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg
| |
| − | *Radiation therapy given 2 months after recovery from high-dose treatment
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Strauss SJ, McTiernan A, Driver D, Hall-Craggs M, Sandison A, Cassoni AM, Kilby A, Michelagnoli M, Pringle J, Cobb J, Briggs T, Cannon S, Witt J, Whelan JS. Single center experience of a new intensive induction therapy for ewing's family of tumors: feasibility, toxicity, and stem cell mobilization properties. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Aug 1;21(15):2974-81. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/21/15/2974.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12885818 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | =Osteosarcoma=
| |
| − | ==Cisplatin (Platinol) & Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Bramwell, et al. 1992, Bramwell, et al. 1997, Souhami, et al. 1997===
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 100 mg/m2 IV continuous 24-hour infusion on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 25 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 3 cycles, definitive surgery on week 9, then another 3 cycles of therapy that starts 14-28 days after surgery'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Prehydration: normal saline 400 mL/m2 and D5W 400 mL/m2 over 2 hours--the reference did not clarify if these two solutions are given at the same time
| |
| − | *The volume of fluid for cisplatin continuous infusion is 2400 mL/m2 NS, with KCl 80 mEq/L and mannitol 32 g/m2
| |
| − | *Posthydration: D5W 600 mL/m2 over 6 hours, with KCl 20 mEq/L and mannitol 8 g/m2; and NS 600 mL/m2 over 6 hours, with KCl 20 mEq/L, magnesium sulfate 2 mmol/L, and calcium gluconate 0.6 mmol/L--the reference did not clarify if these two solutions are given at the same time. Then D5W 600 mL/m2 over 12 hours, with KCl 20 mEq/L and mannitol 8 g/m2.
| |
| − | *[[Furosemide (Lasix)]] 20-40 mg IV if urine output is <400 mL/m2 over 6 hours
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Lewis, et al. 2007===
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 100 mg/m2 IV continuous 24-hour infusion on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 25 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 2 cycles, definitive surgery in a 14-day window between cycles 2 & 3, then another 4 cycles of therapy after surgery'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *4 hours of prehydration prior to cisplatin
| |
| − | *24 hours of posthydration & mannitol after cisplatin
| |
| − | *Recommended that fluid for cisplatin is isotonic saline with potassium chloride and mannitol
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #3, Lewis, et al. 2007 - dose intense===
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 100 mg/m2 IV continuous 24-hour infusion on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 25 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1 to 3
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''14-day cycles x 3 cycles, definitive surgery in a 14-day window between cycles 3 & 4, then another 3 cycles of therapy after surgery'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] or lenograstim 5 mcg/kg SC daily on days 4-13
| |
| − | *4 hours of prehydration prior to cisplatin
| |
| − | *24 hours of posthydration & mannitol after cisplatin
| |
| − | *Recommended that fluid for cisplatin is isotonic saline with potassium chloride and mannitol
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Bramwell VH, Burgers M, Sneath R, Souhami R, van Oosterom AT, Voûte PA, Rouesse J, Spooner D, Craft AW, Somers R, et al. A comparison of two short intensive adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in operable osteosarcoma of limbs in children and young adults: the first study of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. J Clin Oncol. 1992 Oct;10(10):1579-91. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/10/10/1579.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1403038 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Bramwell VH, Burgers MV, Souhami RL, Taminiau AH, Van Der Eijken JW, Craft AW, Malcolm AJ, Uscinska B, Kirkpatrick AL, Machin D, Van Glabbeke MM. A Randomized Comparison of two Short Intensive Chemotherapy Regimens in Children and Young Adults With Osteosarcoma: Results in Patients With Metastases: A Study of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. Sarcoma. 1997;1(3-4):155-60. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2395371/ link to original article] '''contains verified partial protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18521218 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Souhami RL, Craft AW, Van der Eijken JW, Nooij M, Spooner D, Bramwell VH, Wierzbicki R, Malcolm AJ, Kirkpatrick A, Uscinska BM, Van Glabbeke M, Machin D. Randomised trial of two regimens of chemotherapy in operable osteosarcoma: a study of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. Lancet. 1997 Sep 27;350(9082):911-7. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2897%2902307-6/fulltext link to original article] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9314869 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Lewis IJ, Nooij MA, Whelan J, Sydes MR, Grimer R, Hogendoorn PC, Memon MA, Weeden S, Uscinska BM, van Glabbeke M, Kirkpatrick A, Hauben EI, Craft AW, Taminiau AH; MRC BO06 and EORTC 80931 collaborators; European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. Improvement in histologic response but not survival in osteosarcoma patients treated with intensified chemotherapy: a randomized phase III trial of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Jan 17;99(2):112-28. [http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/99/2/112.full link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17227995 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Cisplatin (Platinol), Ifosfamide (Ifex), Epirubicin (Ellence)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | Level of Evidence:
| |
| − | <span
| |
| − | style="background:#EEEE00;
| |
| − | padding:3px 6px 3px 6px;
| |
| − | border-color:black;
| |
| − | border-width:2px;
| |
| − | border-style:solid;">Phase II</span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 100 mg/m2 IV over 2 hours
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 6000 mg/m2) IV over 4 hours on days 2 to 4, given with mesna
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 2000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 6000 mg/m2) IV over 4 hours on days 2 to 4, given together with ifosfamide
| |
| − | *[[Epirubicin (Ellence)]] 90 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes on day 1
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Prehydration and posthydration with mannitol diuresis for cisplatin
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 3 cycles, then surgery, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Postoperative chemotherapy:
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 100 mg/m2 IV over 2 hours
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 6000 mg/m2) IV over 4 hours on days 2 to 4, given with mesna
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 2000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 6000 mg/m2) IV over 4 hours on days 2 to 4, given together with ifosfamide
| |
| − | *[[Epirubicin (Ellence)]] 90 mg/m2 IV over 15 minutes on day 1
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Prehydration and posthydration with mannitol diuresis for cisplatin
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''28-day cycles x 3 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Basaran M, Bavbek ES, Saglam S, Eralp L, Sakar B, Atalar AC, Bilgic B, Ozger H, Onat H. A phase II study of cisplatin, ifosfamide and epirubicin combination chemotherapy in adults with nonmetastatic and extremity osteosarcomas. Oncology. 2007;72(3-4):255-60. Epub 2008 Jan 10. [http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?DOI=10.1159/000113017 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18185020 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Cyclophosphamide & Etoposide==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | Level of Evidence:
| |
| − | <span
| |
| − | style="background:#EEEE00;
| |
| − | padding:3px 6px 3px 6px;
| |
| − | border-color:black;
| |
| − | border-width:2px;
| |
| − | border-style:solid;">Phase II</span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 4000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 1400 mg/m2 IV on day 1 before, 4 hours after, and 8 hours after cyclophosphamide
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour BID on days 2 to 4 (total of 6 doses, 600 mg/m2)
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive hydration:
| |
| − | *With mesna, 3000 mL/m2 hydration
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''at least 21-day cycles x 2 cycles, then restaging'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients with no progression received an experimental protocol with:
| |
| − | *[[Samarium-153 (Quadramet)]] 10 mCi/kg and/or [[Carboplatin (Paraplatin)]] and [[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] based on status of bone metastases ''(no further details about dose/schedule given)''
| |
| − | *Progression-free patients received reduced intensity stem cell transplant (preferably from a matched sibling donor (MSD))
| |
| − | *Patients with no MSD received [[Aldesleukin (Proleukin)|IL-2]] 5 days a week every 2 weeks x 12 cycles (reference did not specify if a cycle was 2 weeks, 4 weeks, or another length)
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Berger M, Grignani G, Ferrari S, Biasin E, Brach del Prever A, Aliberti S, Saglio F, Aglietta M, Fagioli F. Phase 2 trial of two courses of cyclophosphamide and etoposide for relapsed high-risk osteosarcoma patients. Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;115(13):2980-7. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.24368/full link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19452540 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Cyclophosphamide & Topotecan==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | Level of Evidence:
| |
| − | <span
| |
| − | style="background:#EEEE00;
| |
| − | padding:3px 6px 3px 6px;
| |
| − | border-color:black;
| |
| − | border-width:2px;
| |
| − | border-style:solid;">Phase II</span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 250 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5, given first
| |
| − | *[[Topotecan (Hycamtin)]] 0.75 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5, given second
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 12 to 14 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *500 mL/m/2 fluids PO/IV 2 to 4 hours before chemotherapy
| |
| − | *Antiemetics as premedication before chemotherapy
| |
| − | *3 liters/m2 PO/IV over 24 hours after chemotherapy
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg SC daily starting on day 6, to continue until ANC is at least 1500 after the nadir period
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Saylors RL 3rd, Stine KC, Sullivan J, Kepner JL, Wall DA, Bernstein ML, Harris MB, Hayashi R, Vietti TJ; Pediatric Oncology Group. Cyclophosphamide plus topotecan in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors: a Pediatric Oncology Group phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Aug 1;19(15):3463-9. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/19/15/3463.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11481351 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Docetaxel (Taxotere) & Gemcitabine (Gemzar)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | ''17 of the 22 patients in this retrospective review had osteosarcoma.''
| |
| − | *[[Docetaxel (Taxotere)]] 75-100 mg/m2 IV over 60 minutes on day 8, given after gemcitabine
| |
| − | *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 675 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *[[Ondansetron (Zofran)]] prior to chemotherapy on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | *[[Dexamethasone (Decadron)]] starting either the day before or the day of docetaxel, and continued for 2 days after docetaxel
| |
| − | *H1 or H2 blockers such as Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Ranitidine (Zantac) prior to chemotherapy on days 1 & 8 per physician discretion
| |
| − | *Some patients received [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] starting on day 9
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Navid F, Willert JR, McCarville MB, Furman W, Watkins A, Roberts W, Daw NC. Combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel in the treatment of children and young adults with refractory bone sarcoma. Cancer. 2008 Jul 15;113(2):419-25. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.23586/full link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484657 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Gemcitabine (Gemzar)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | Level of Evidence:
| |
| − | <span
| |
| − | style="background:#EEEE00;
| |
| − | padding:3px 6px 3px 6px;
| |
| − | border-color:black;
| |
| − | border-width:2px;
| |
| − | border-style:solid;">Phase II</span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''8-week course, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Maintenance therapy if patient does not have progressive disease:
| |
| − | *[[Gemcitabine (Gemzar)]] 1000 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''28-day cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Merimsky O, Meller I, Flusser G, Kollender Y, Issakov J, Weil-Ben-Arush M, Fenig E, Neuman G, Sapir D, Ariad S, Inbar M. Gemcitabine in soft tissue or bone sarcoma resistant to standard chemotherapy: a phase II study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2000;45(2):177-81. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/twcbtb7melmmxtl4/ link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10663634 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==ICE - Ifosfamide (Ifex), Carboplatin (Paraplatin), Etoposide (Vepesid)==
| |
| − | ICE: '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>C</u>'''arboplatin, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | ''The reference did not mention [[Mesna (Mesnex)]] being used.''
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 1800 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *[[Carboplatin (Paraplatin)]] 400 mg/m2 IV "for 2 days"--the reference did not explicitly say which 2 days carboplatin should be given on
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 100 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 to 5
| |
| − | *Resection of disease was allowed after 4 cycles based on patient's response to ICE
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles''', with next cycle starting as soon as ANC is at least 1000 and platelet count is at least 100,000
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Depending on the study the patients were enrolled on, they received one of the following:
| |
| − | **CCG-0894: [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 or 10 mcg/kg/day SC daily, starting 24 hours after completing ICE, and to continue until day 18 if ANC is at least 1000, or until ANC is at least 1000 post nadir, whichever comes later
| |
| − | **CCG-0924: PIXY 321 at doses of 500/750/1000 mcg/m2 daily or 500 mcg/m2 BID SQ, starting on day 5 and to continue until day 18 unless ANC reached 20,000 or platelet count is at least 900,000 for 2 days between days 13-18, or until ANC is at least 1000 and platelet count is at least 100,000, whichever comes later
| |
| − | **CCG-0931: [[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] 5 mcg/kg/day SC daily and IL-6 at 2.5, 3.75, or 5.0 mcg/kg SC BID, starting 24 hours after completing ICE. Filgrastim is continued until ANC is at least 1000, and IL-6 is continued until platelets are at least 100,000 for 2 consecutive days or until day 35, whichever comes sooner.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Van Winkle P, Angiolillo A, Krailo M, Cheung YK, Anderson B, Davenport V, Reaman G, Cairo MS. Ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) reinduction chemotherapy in a large cohort of children and adolescents with recurrent/refractory sarcoma: the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005 Apr;44(4):338-47. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pbc.20227/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15503297 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==IE - Ifosfamide & Etoposide==
| |
| − | IE: '''<u>I</u>'''fosfamide, '''<u>E</u>'''toposide
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | Level of Evidence:
| |
| − | <span
| |
| − | style="background:#EEEE00;
| |
| − | padding:3px 6px 3px 6px;
| |
| − | border-color:black;
| |
| − | border-width:2px;
| |
| − | border-style:solid;">Phase II</span>
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours on days 1 to 4
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 250-500 mL
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3600 mg/m2/day (total dose of 14,400 mg/m2) IV continuous infusion on days 1 to 4
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 1 to 4
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 250-500 mL
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21 to 28-day cycles x 2 cycles, with next cycle starting when ANC >1500 and platelet count >100,000'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive hydration:
| |
| − | *At least 2000 mL/m2/day of hydration with chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Gentet JC, Brunat-Mentigny M, Demaille MC, Pein F, Avet-Loiseau H, Berger C, De Lumley L, Pacquement H, Schmitt C, Sariban E, Pillon P, Bernard JL, Kalifa C. Ifosfamide and etoposide in childhood osteosarcoma. A phase II study of the French Society of Paediatric Oncology. Eur J Cancer. 1997 Feb;33(2):232-7. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095980499600439X link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9135494 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==MA==
| |
| − | MA: High-dose '''<u>M</u>'''ethotrexate, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on weeks 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 1L with sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg PO Q6H x up to 11 doses on weeks 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, starting 20 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 70 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours on weeks 4 & 8
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *For methotrexate: hydration & urine alkalinization by PO and IV routes to maintain 1.6 L/m2 urine output over the first 24 hours and 2 L/m2 on days 2 & 3, with urine pH >7
| |
| − | *Daily monitoring of methotrexate levels and creatinine
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''11-week course, then surgery during week 12, with further treatment based on pathologic response'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients with good response received:
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1, 8, 15
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 1L with sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg PO Q6H x up to 11 doses starting on days 1, 8, 15, starting 20 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 70 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours on day 22
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *For methotrexate: hydration & urine alkalinization by PO and IV routes to maintain 1.6 L/m2 urine output over the first 24 hours and 2 L/m2 on days 2 & 3, with urine pH >7
| |
| − | *Daily monitoring of methotrexate levels and creatinine
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''28-day cycles x 3 cycles, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1, 8, 15
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 1L with sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg PO Q6H x up to 11 doses starting on days 1, 8, 15, 20 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day course'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients with poor response received:
| |
| − | <br>''Details were not listed about the length of each cycle. Other regimens have used 21 to 28-day cycles.''
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 1 to 4
| |
| − | **Given in NS 250-500 mL
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 12,000 mg/m2) IV over 3 hours on days 1 to 4, given together with mesna
| |
| − | **Given in NS 250-500 mL
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3600 mg/m2/day (total dose of 14,400 mg/m2) IV continuous 96-hour (4-day) infusion on days 1 to 4, given together with ifosfamide
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''5 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *For methotrexate: hydration & urine alkalinization by PO and IV routes to maintain 1.6 L/m2 urine output over the first 24 hours and 2 L/m2 on days 2 & 3, with urine pH >7
| |
| − | *Daily monitoring of methotrexate levels and creatinine
| |
| − | *Up to 2 L/day hydration with ifosfamide & mesna
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Le Deley MC, Guinebretière JM, Gentet JC, Pacquement H, Pichon F, Marec-Bérard P, Entz-Werlé N, Schmitt C, Brugières L, Vanel D, Dupoüy N, Tabone MD, Kalifa C; Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (SFOP). SFOP OS94: a randomised trial comparing preoperative high-dose methotrexate plus doxorubicin to high-dose methotrexate plus etoposide and ifosfamide in osteosarcoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 2007 Mar;43(4):752-61. Epub 2007 Jan 30. [http://www.ejcancer.info/article/S0959-8049%2806%2901072-0/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17267204 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==MAP==
| |
| − | MAP: High-dose '''<u>M</u>'''ethotrexate, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>P</u>'''latinol
| |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Bramwell, et al. 1992 & Bramwell, et al. 1997===
| |
| − | ''Note: The body of Bramwell, et al. 1992 & Bramwell, et al. 1997 says that methotrexate is given over 4 hours, whereas Bramwell, et al. 1992 figure 1's text says that methotrexate is given over 6 hours.''
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 8000 mg/m2 IV over 4-6 hours on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 12 mg/m2 IV Q6H x 10 doses or 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 10 doses, starting 24 hours after the start of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | **Monitor methotrexate level at "24 hours and 48 hours"--it is unclear in the reference if this is time after the start/end of methotrexate, beginning of leucovorin, or something else
| |
| − | **Methotrexate levels higher than 1 x 10^-7 mol/L at 48 hours required additional leucovorin rescue
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 25 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 11 to 13
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 100 mg/m2 IV continuous 24-hour infusion on day 11
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 2 cycles, definitive surgery on week 9, then another 2 cycles of therapy that starts 14-28 days after surgery'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Prehydration for methotrexate: "0.9 NaCl:D5W"--unclear if this means either normal saline or D5W can be used--750 mL/m2 over 6 hours, with KCl 20 mEq/L
| |
| − | *The volume of fluid for methotrexate is D5W 1000 mL, to be given over 6 hours
| |
| − | *Posthydration for methotrexate: Alternating liters of D5W and NS 3000 mL/m2 over 24 hours, with KCl 60 mEq/L.
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate 3 g PO Q6H, starting 12 hours before methotrexate, and sodium bicarbonate 167 mmol/L IV until serum methotrexate level is less than 8 to 10 mol/L. Note: the reference is not clear about when/if PO sodium bicarbonate is stopped, when IV sodium bicarbonate is started, or the administration rate of IV sodium bicarbonate.
| |
| − | *Prehydration for cisplatin: normal saline 400 mL/m2 and D5W 400 mL/m2 over 2 hours--the reference did not clarify if these two solutions are given at the same time
| |
| − | *The volume of fluid for cisplatin continuous infusion is 2400 mL/m2 NS, with KCl 80 mEq/L and mannitol 32 g/m2
| |
| − | *Posthydration for cisplatin: D5W 600 mL/m2 over 6 hours, with KCl 20 mEq/L and mannitol 8 g/m2; and NS 600 mL/m2 over 6 hours, with KCl 20 mEq/L, magnesium sulfate 2 mmol/L, and calcium gluconate 0.6 mmol/L--the reference did not clarify if these two solutions are given at the same time. Then D5W 600 mL/m2 over 12 hours, with KCl 20 mEq/L and mannitol 8 g/m2.
| |
| − | *With cisplatin, [[Furosemide (Lasix)]] 20-40 mg IV if urine output is <400 mL/m2 over 6 hours
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Bacci, et al. 2000===
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 8000 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg IV Q6H x 11 doses on days 2 to 4, starting 24 hours after the start of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 60 mg/m2 IV over 8 hours on day 9, starting 48 hours after the start of cisplatin
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 40 mg/m2/day (total dose of 120 mg/m2) intraarterial continuous 72-hour infusion on days 7 to 9
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Hydration during and after methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''27-day cycles x 2 cycles, then definitive surgery, then proceed to postoperative chemotherapy'''. Amputated patients restart chemotherapy 3-5 days after surgery; patients who undergo limb salvage or rotation plasty restart chemotherapy 10-21 days after surgery.
| |
| − | | |
| − | If there is at least 90% tumor necrosis in the surgically removed specimen:
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 8000 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours on day 21
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg IV Q6H x 11 doses on days 22 to 24, starting 24 hours after the start of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 40 mg/m2/day (total dose of 120 mg/m2) IV continuous 72-hour infusion on days 27 to 29
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Hydration during and after methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''48-day cycles x 3 cycles, then'''--note: Figure 1 of Bacci, et al. 2000 actually depicted the first cycle as being 47 days, and cycles 2 & 3 being 48 days.
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''given once after postoperative chemotherapy cycle 3'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | If there is <90% tumor necrosis in the surgically removed specimen:
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2000 mg/m2 IV over 90 minutes on days 21 to 25
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] with ifosfamide; no actual dose is listed in the reference
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 8000 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours on day 42
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg IV Q6H x 11 doses on days 43-45, starting 24 hours after the start of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 40 mg/m2/day (total dose of 120 mg/m2) IV continuous 72-hour infusion on days 48 to 50
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 120 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 48 to 50
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Hydration during and after methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''69-day cycles x 3 cycles, then'''--note: Figure 1 of Bacci, et al. 2000 actually depicted the first cycle as being 68 days, and cycles 2 & 3 being 69 days.
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''given once after postoperative chemotherapy cycle 3'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #3, Winkler, et al. 1984 - COSS-80===
| |
| − | ''Note: The exact schedule is unclear based on limited/conflicting information in the reference. For example, Figure 1 appears to depict high-dose methotrexate starting 2 weeks after adriamycin, but the text says that methotrexate begins after a 3-week rest period. Additionally, the diagram in Figure 1 implies that the later therapies are given 4 times (once, then repeated x 3 cycles), but based on the cumulative doses listed, they are only given for a total of 3 cycles. The optional interferon arm is omitted given lack of benefit seen in the study.''
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day course, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''See note above about uncertainty about the exact schedule.''
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 2 & 9, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 120 mg/m2 IV over 5 hours on day 15
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''35-day course, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | *3 hours of hydration prior to cisplatin & 3 hours of hydration after cisplatin; total amount of fluid given over 11 hours of prehydration, cisplatin, and posthydration is NS 2.5 L/m2 with mannitol 8 g/L and potassium 20 mval/L.
| |
| − | *Magnesium 180 mg/m2 PO "per day throughout the whole chemotherapy time" with cisplatin
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''See note above about uncertainty about the exact schedule.''
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 1, 8, 29, 36
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 2, 9, 30, 37, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 15 & 16 (delayed during cycle 1 until after surgery)
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 120 mg/m2 IV over 5 hours on day 43
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications for methotrexate:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | *3 hours of hydration prior to cisplatin & 3 hours of hydration after cisplatin; total amount of fluid given over 11 hours of prehydration, cisplatin, and posthydration is NS 2.5 L/m2 with mannitol 8 g/L and potassium 20 mval/L.
| |
| − | *Magnesium 180 mg/m2 PO "per day throughout the whole chemotherapy time" with cisplatin
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''8-week cycles x 3 cycles, with surgery done during cycle 1 before doxorubicin'''; surgery is done 9-18 weeks after the start of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Winkler K, Beron G, Kotz R, Salzer-Kuntschik M, Beck J, Beck W, Brandeis W, Ebell W, Erttmann R, Göbel U, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: results of a Cooperative German/Austrian study. J Clin Oncol. 1984 Jun;2(6):617-24. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/2/6/617.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6202851 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Bramwell VH, Burgers M, Sneath R, Souhami R, van Oosterom AT, Voûte PA, Rouesse J, Spooner D, Craft AW, Somers R, et al. A comparison of two short intensive adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in operable osteosarcoma of limbs in children and young adults: the first study of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. J Clin Oncol. 1992 Oct;10(10):1579-91. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/10/10/1579.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1403038 PubMed] content property of [http://hemonc.org HemOnc.org]
| |
| − | # Bramwell VH, Burgers MV, Souhami RL, Taminiau AH, Van Der Eijken JW, Craft AW, Malcolm AJ, Uscinska B, Kirkpatrick AL, Machin D, Van Glabbeke MM. A Randomized Comparison of two Short Intensive Chemotherapy Regimens in Children and Young Adults With Osteosarcoma: Results in Patients With Metastases: A Study of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup. Sarcoma. 1997;1(3-4):155-60. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2395371/ link to original article] '''contains verified partial protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18521218 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Bacci G, Ferrari S, Bertoni F, Ruggieri P, Picci P, Longhi A, Casadei R, Fabbri N, Forni C, Versari M, Campanacci M. Long-term outcome for patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity treated at the istituto ortopedico rizzoli according to the istituto ortopedico rizzoli/osteosarcoma-2 protocol: an updated report. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Dec 15;18(24):4016-27. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/18/24/4016.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11118462 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==MAP/MA +/- BCD +/- Ifosfamide (Ifex)==
| |
| − | MAP: High-dose '''<u>M</u>'''ethotrexate, '''<u>A</u>'''driamycin, '''<u>P</u>'''latinol
| |
| − | BCD: '''<u>B</u>'''leomycin, '''<u>C</u>'''cyclophosphamide, '''<u>D</u>'''actinomycin
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #1, Winkler, et al. 1984 - COSS-80 - MA, BCD===
| |
| − | ''Note: The exact schedule is unclear based on limited/conflicting information in the reference. For example, Figure 1 appears to depict high-dose methotrexate starting 2 weeks after adriamycin, but the text says that methotrexate begins after a 3-week rest period. Additionally, the diagram in Figure 1 implies that the later therapies are given 4 times (once, then repeated x 3 cycles), but based on the cumulative doses listed, they are only given for a total of 3 cycles. The optional interferon arm is omitted given lack of benefit seen in the study.''
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day course, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''See note above about uncertainty about the exact schedule.''
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 1 & 8
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 2 & 9, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | *[[Bleomycin (Blenoxane)]] 12 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 15 & 16
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 600 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 15 & 16
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.45 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 15 & 16
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications for methotrexate:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''35-day course, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ''See note above about uncertainty about the exact schedule.''
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 1, 8, 29, 36
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 2, 9, 30, 37, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 45 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 15 & 16 (delayed during cycle 1 until after surgery)
| |
| − | *[[Bleomycin (Blenoxane)]] 12 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 43 & 44
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 600 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 43 & 44
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.45 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 43 & 44
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''8-week cycles x 3 cycles, with surgery done during cycle 1 before doxorubicin'''; surgery is done 9-18 weeks after the start of chemotherapy
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications for methotrexate:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #2, Winkler, et al. 1988 - COSS-82 - MAP +/- BCD, IP===
| |
| − | ''Note: The exact schedule is unclear based on limited information in the reference, as schedule of doses is primarily extrapolated from Figure 1, which does not contain clear delineations in time. The dose/schedule of cisplatin reflects the protocol amendment that was done because of nephrotoxicity.''
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 90 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on day 3
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 22 & 29
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 23 & 30, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''35-day cycles x 2 cycles, then surgery'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | *12 hours of hydration prior to cisplatin & 20 hours of hydration after cisplatin; total amount of fluid given over 36hours of prehydration, cisplatin, and posthydration is NS 6 L/m2 with mannitol 8 g/L and potassium 20 mval/L.
| |
| − | *Magnesium 180 mg/m2 PO "per day throughout the whole chemotherapy time"--as described in the cited reference Winkler, et al. 1984
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients who had a good response based on surgical pathology received:
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 90 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on day 3
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 22 & 29
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 23 & 30, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''35-day cycles x 2 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | *12 hours of hydration prior to cisplatin & 20 hours of hydration after cisplatin; total amount of fluid given over 36hours of prehydration, cisplatin, and posthydration is NS 6 L/m2 with mannitol 8 g/L and potassium 20 mval/L.
| |
| − | *Magnesium 180 mg/m2 PO "per day throughout the whole chemotherapy time"--as described in the cited reference Winkler, et al. 1984
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients who had a poor response based on surgical pathology received:
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 20 mg/m2/day (total dose of 100 mg/m2) IV over 30 minutes on days 1 to 5, given before ifosfamide
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 2000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 10,000 mg/m2) IV over 23.5 hours on days 1 to 5, given after cisplatin
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 2000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 10,000 mg/m2) IV over 23.5 hours on days 1 to 5, given together with ifosfamide, then [[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 2000 mg/m2/day IV continuous infusion over 48 hours on days 6-7
| |
| − | *[[Bleomycin (Blenoxane)]] 15 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 22 & 23
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 600 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 22 & 23
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.6 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 22 & 23
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''35-day cycles x 3 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Mannitol given together with cisplatin; no further details provided
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Regimen #3, Winkler, et al. 1988 - COSS-82 - BCDM +/- AP===
| |
| − | ''Note: The exact schedule is unclear based on limited information in the reference, as schedule of doses is primarily extrapolated from Figure 1, which does not contain clear delineations in time. The dose/schedule of cisplatin reflects the protocol amendment that was done because of nephrotoxicity.''
| |
| − | *[[Bleomycin (Blenoxane)]] 15 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 600 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.6 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 15 & 22
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 16 & 23, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''35-day cycles x 2 cycles, then surgery'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients who had a good response based on surgical pathology received:
| |
| − | *[[Bleomycin (Blenoxane)]] 15 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)]] 600 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)]] 0.6 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 (maximum dose of 20,000 mg per cycle) IV over 4 hours on days 15 & 22
| |
| − | **MTX is dissolved at a concentration of 20,000 mg/L in a solution containing 5% glucose
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg/m2 PO Q6H x 12 hours on days 16 & 23, starting 24 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion; additional leucovorin used for delayed methotrexate elimination
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''35-day cycles x 2 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Sodium bicarbonate urine alkalinization prior to high-dose methotrexate
| |
| − | *NS 4.5 L/m2 on day 1 after methotrexate; NS 3 L/m2 on day 2, with adjustments made to keep urine pH >7.4
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients who had a poor response based on surgical pathology received:
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 30 mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1 & 2
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 90 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on day 3
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day cycles x 6 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *12 hours of hydration prior to cisplatin & 20 hours of hydration after cisplatin; total amount of fluid given over 36hours of prehydration, cisplatin, and posthydration is NS 6 L/m2 with mannitol 8 g/L and potassium 20 mval/L.
| |
| − | *Magnesium 180 mg/m2 PO "per day throughout the whole chemotherapy time"--as described in the cited reference Winkler, et al. 1984
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Winkler K, Beron G, Kotz R, Salzer-Kuntschik M, Beck J, Beck W, Brandeis W, Ebell W, Erttmann R, Göbel U, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: results of a Cooperative German/Austrian study. J Clin Oncol. 1984 Jun;2(6):617-24. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/2/6/617.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6202851 PubMed]
| |
| − | # Winkler K, Beron G, Delling G, Heise U, Kabisch H, Purfürst C, Berger J, Ritter J, Jürgens H, Gerein V, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of osteosarcoma: results of a randomized cooperative trial (COSS-82) with salvage chemotherapy based on histological tumor response. J Clin Oncol. 1988 Feb;6(2):329-37. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/6/2/329.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2448428 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==MAP & Ifosfamide (Ifex)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on day 1
| |
| − | **If 4-hour methotrexate level is <1000 µM/L, the next cycle's [[Methotrexate (MTX)]] dose is increased by 2000 mg/m2
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg (route not specified) Q6H x 11 doses (note: the reference says "11 cycles," but it is assumed this is the intended meaning), starting day 2, 24 hours after the start of methotrexate
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 60 mg/m2/day (total dose of 120 mg/m2) IV continuous 48-hour infusion on days 8 & 9
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 75 mg/m2 IV continuous 24-hour infusion on day 10
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 15,000 mg/m2) IV continuous 120-hour (5-day) infusion on days 29-33, given together with mesna
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 15,000 mg/m2) IV continuous 120-hour (5-day) infusion on days 29-33, given together with ifosfamide
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Hydration during and after methotrexate as described by: Rosen G, Nirenberg A. Chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: an investigative method, not a recipe. Cancer Treat Rep. 1982 Sep;66(9):1687-97. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6981454 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''42-day cycles x 2 cycles, then surgery'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Postoperative chemotherapy:
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 90 mg/m2 IV continuous 24-hour infusion on day 1
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 15,000 mg/m2) IV continuous 120-hour (5-day) infusion on days 22 to 26, given together with mesna
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 15,000 mg/m2) IV continuous 120-hour (5-day) infusion on days 22 to 26, given together with ifosfamide
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on day 36
| |
| − | **If 4-hour methotrexate level is <1000 µM/L, the next cycle's [[Methotrexate (MTX)]] dose is increased by 2000 mg/m2
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg (route not specified) Q6H x 11 doses, starting day 36, 24 hours after the start of methotrexate
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 60 mg/m2/day (total dose of 120 mg/m2) IV continuous 48-hour infusion on days 43-44
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *Hydration during and after methotrexate as described by: Rosen G, Nirenberg A. Chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: an investigative method, not a recipe. Cancer Treat Rep. 1982 Sep;66(9):1687-97. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6981454 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''9-week cycles x 3 cycles'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Bacci G, Briccoli A, Rocca M, Ferrari S, Donati D, Longhi A, Bertoni F, Bacchini P, Giacomini S, Forni C, Manfrini M, Galletti S. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremities with metastases at presentation: recent experience at the Rizzoli Institute in 57 patients treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and a high dose of methotrexate and ifosfamide. Ann Oncol. 2003 Jul;14(7):1126-34. [http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/7/1126.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853357 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Methotrexate (MTX), Etoposide (Vepesid), Ifosfamide (Ifex)==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on weeks 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 1L with sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg PO Q6H x up to 11 doses on weeks 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, starting 20 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 22 to 25 (week 4), 57 to 60 (week 9)
| |
| − | **Given in NS 250-500 mL
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 12,000 mg/m2) IV over 3 hours on days 22 to 25 (week 4), 57 to 60 (week 9), given together with mesna
| |
| − | **Given in NS 250-500 mL
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3600 mg/m2/day (total dose of 14,400 mg/m2) IV continuous 96-hour (4-day) infusion on days 22 to 25 (week 4), 57 to 60 (week 9), given together with ifosfamide
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *For methotrexate: hydration & urine alkalinization by PO and IV routes to maintain 1.6 L/m2 urine output over the first 24 hours and 2 L/m2 on days 2 & 3, with urine pH >7
| |
| − | *Daily monitoring of methotrexate levels and creatinine
| |
| − | *Up to 2 L/day hydration with ifosfamide & mesna
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''13-week course, then surgery during week 14, with further treatment based on pathologic response'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients with good response received:
| |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on weeks 1, 2, 3
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 1L with sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg PO Q6H x up to 11 doses on weeks 1, 2, 3, starting 20 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | *[[Etoposide (Vepesid)]] 75 mg/m2 IV over 1 hour on days 22 to 25 (week 4)
| |
| − | **Given in NS 250-500 mL
| |
| − | *[[Ifosfamide (Ifex)]] 3000 mg/m2/day (total dose of 12,000 mg/m2) IV over 3 hours on days 22 to 25 (week 4), given together with mesna
| |
| − | **Given in NS 250-500 mL
| |
| − | *[[Mesna (Mesnex)]] 3600 mg/m2/day (total dose of 14,400 mg/m2) IV continuous 96-hour (4-day) infusion on days 22 to 25 (week 4), given together with ifosfamide
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *For methotrexate: hydration & urine alkalinization by PO and IV routes to maintain 1.6 L/m2 urine output over the first 24 hours and 2 L/m2 on days 2 & 3, with urine pH >7
| |
| − | *Daily monitoring of methotrexate levels and creatinine
| |
| − | *Up to 2 L/day hydration with ifosfamide & mesna
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''28-day cycles x 3 cycles, then'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | *[[Methotrexate (MTX)]] 12,000 mg/m2 IV over 4 hours on days 1, 8, 15
| |
| − | **Given in D5W 1L with sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg
| |
| − | *[[Folinic acid (Leucovorin)]] 15 mg PO Q6H x up to 11 doses starting on days 1, 8, 15, 20 hours after the completion of methotrexate infusion
| |
| − | | |
| − | Supportive medications:
| |
| − | *For methotrexate: hydration & urine alkalinization by PO and IV routes to maintain 1.6 L/m2 urine output over the first 24 hours and 2 L/m2 on days 2 & 3, with urine pH >7
| |
| − | *Daily monitoring of methotrexate levels and creatinine
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''21-day course'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | Patients with poor response received:
| |
| − | ''Details were not listed about the precise schedule. Other regimens have used both medications both on day 1, with 21-day cycles.''
| |
| − | *[[Cisplatin (Platinol)]] 120 mg/m2
| |
| − | *[[Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)]] 70 mg/m2 IV over 6 hours
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''5 cycles'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===References===
| |
| − | # Le Deley MC, Guinebretière JM, Gentet JC, Pacquement H, Pichon F, Marec-Bérard P, Entz-Werlé N, Schmitt C, Brugières L, Vanel D, Dupoüy N, Tabone MD, Kalifa C; Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (SFOP). SFOP OS94: a randomised trial comparing preoperative high-dose methotrexate plus doxorubicin to high-dose methotrexate plus etoposide and ifosfamide in osteosarcoma patients. Eur J Cancer. 2007 Mar;43(4):752-61. Epub 2007 Jan 30. [http://www.ejcancer.info/article/S0959-8049%2806%2901072-0/abstract link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17267204 PubMed]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Samarium-153 (Quadramet) high dose, with stem cell support==
| |
| − | ===Regimen===
| |
| − | *Peripheral blood progenetor cell (PBPC) or bone marrow harvest and cryopreservation of at least 2 x 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg
| |
| − | *[[Samarium-153 (Quadramet)]] 30 mCi/kg IV on day 0
| |
| − | *[[Filgrastim (Neupogen)]] or [[Sargramostim (Leukine)]] started when ANC <1000
| |
| − | *On day +14, infuse peripheral blood progenetor cell (PBPC) or bone marrow cells
| |
| − | *CBC followed twice per week until engraftment/hematologic recovery
| |
| − | **Patients transfused for Hb <8, platelets <20,000
| |
| | | | |
| − | ===References=== | + | =Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of bone, all lines of therapy= |
| − | # Anderson PM, Wiseman GA, Dispenzieri A, Arndt CA, Hartmann LC, Smithson WA, Mullan BP, Bruland OS. High-dose samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate: low toxicity of skeletal irradiation in patients with osteosarcoma and bone metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):189-96. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/20/1/189.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11773169 PubMed]
| + | *Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of bone has been treated with [[Osteosarcoma|osteosarcoma regimens]] |
| | | | |
| − | =Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone=
| + | [[Category:Bone sarcoma regimens]] |
| − | *Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone has been treated with [[#Osteosarcoma|osteosarcoma regimens]]
| + | [[Category:Disease-specific pages]] |
| | + | [[Category:Bone sarcomas]] |
