Difference between revisions of "Mercaptopurine (6-MP)"

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Also known as 6-MP or 6-Mercaptopurine.
 
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==General information==
 
==General information==
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Class/mechanism: Purine analog of adenine and hypoxanthine, antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis.  Mercaptopurine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is converted to thioinosinic acid (TIMP).  TIMP inhibits reactions that typically involve inosinic acid (IMP), such as its conversion to xanthylic acid (XMP) and adenylic acid (AMP) via adenylosuccinate (SAMP).  TIMP is also converted to 6-methylthioinosinate (MTIMP); TIMP and MTIMP have been observed to inhibit glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, which is an early enzyme in the de novo pathway of purine ribonucleotide synthesis.  Mercaptopurine is structurally and functionally similar to [[Thioguanine (Tabloid)]].<ref name="insert">[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/009053s032lbl.pdf Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) package insert]</ref><ref>[http://hemonc.org/docs/packageinsert/mercaptopurine.pdf Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) package insert (locally hosted backup)]</ref>
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Class/mechanism: Purine analog of adenine and hypoxanthine, antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis.  Mercaptopurine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is converted to thioinosinic acid (TIMP).  TIMP inhibits reactions that typically involve inosinic acid (IMP), such as its conversion to xanthylic acid (XMP) and adenylic acid (AMP) via adenylosuccinate (SAMP).  TIMP is also converted to 6-methylthioinosinate (MTIMP); TIMP and MTIMP have been observed to inhibit glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, which is an early enzyme in the de novo pathway of purine ribonucleotide synthesis.  Mercaptopurine is structurally and functionally similar to [[Thioguanine (Tabloid)]].<ref name="insert">[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/009053s032lbl.pdf Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) package insert]</ref><ref>[[:File:Mercaptopurine.pdf | Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) package insert (locally hosted backup)]]</ref><ref>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/205919s000lbl.pdf Mercaptopurine (Purixan) package insert]</ref><ref>[[:File:Mercaptopurineliquid.pdf | Mercaptopurine (Purixan) package insert (locally hosted backup)]]</ref>
 
<br>Route: PO
 
<br>Route: PO
 
<br>Extravasation: n/a
 
<br>Extravasation: n/a
  
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For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as [http://www.thomsonhc.com/home/dispatch Micromedex], [http://online.lexi.com/ Lexicomp], [http://www.utdol.com/online/content/search.do UpToDate (courtesy of Lexicomp)], or the package insert<ref name="insert"></ref>.
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For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as [http://www.thomsonhc.com/home/dispatch Micromedex], [http://online.lexi.com/ Lexicomp], [http://www.utdol.com/online/content/search.do UpToDate (courtesy of Lexicomp)], or the prescribing information.<ref name="insert"></ref>  
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==Diseases for which it is used==
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*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
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*[[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]]
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*[[B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]
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*[[CNS leukemia]]
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*[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]
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*[[T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]
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==Diseases for which it was used==
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*[[Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia - historical|Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia]]
  
 
==Patient drug information==
 
==Patient drug information==
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*[http://chemocare.com/bio/mercaptopurine.asp Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (Chemocare)]<ref>[http://chemocare.com/bio/mercaptopurine.asp Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (Chemocare)]</ref>
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*[https://chemocare.com/druginfo/Mercaptopurine.aspx Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (Chemocare)]<ref>[https://chemocare.com/druginfo/Mercaptopurine.aspx Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (Chemocare)]</ref>
 
*[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/mercaptopurine-patient-drug-information Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (UpToDate)]<ref>[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/mercaptopurine-patient-drug-information Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (UpToDate)]</ref>
 
*[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/mercaptopurine-patient-drug-information Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (UpToDate)]<ref>[http://www.uptodate.com/contents/mercaptopurine-patient-drug-information Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (UpToDate)]</ref>
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==History of changes in FDA indication==
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*1953-09-11: Initial FDA approval
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*2003-01-10 (oldest label on Drugs @ FDA): Indicated for remission induction and maintenance therapy of [[:Category:Acute lymphoblastic leukemias|acute lymphatic leukemia]]. ''(No supporting studies are cited)''
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*2014-04-28: [http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.Label_ApprovalHistory#apphist Purixan (mercaptopurine oral suspension formulation) FDA approved] for the treatment of patients with [[:Category:Acute lymphoblastic leukemias|acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)]] as a component of a combination maintenance therapy regimen. ''(No supporting studies are cited)''
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==History of changes in EMA indication==
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*1953-09-11: EURD
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==Also known as==
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*'''Generic names:''' 6-MP, 6-Mercaptopurine
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*'''Brand names:''' Purinethol, Purixan (oral suspension formulation), Xaluprine
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
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[[Category:Drugs]]
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[[Category:Oral medications]]
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[[Category:Antimetabolites]]
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[[Category:Purine analogs]]
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[[Category:Immunosuppressants]]
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[[Category:Acute myeloid leukemia medications]]
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[[Category:Acute promyelocytic leukemia medications]]
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[[Category:B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications]]
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[[Category:CNS leukemia medications]]
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[[Category:Langerhans cell histiocytosis medications]]
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[[Category:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia medications]]
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[[Category:Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia medications (historic)]]
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[[Category:FDA approved in 1953]]
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[[Category:FDA approved in 2014]]
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[[Category:EMA approved in 1953]]
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[[Category:WHO Essential Cancer Medicine]]

Revision as of 13:32, 23 September 2023

General information

Class/mechanism: Purine analog of adenine and hypoxanthine, antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis. Mercaptopurine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is converted to thioinosinic acid (TIMP). TIMP inhibits reactions that typically involve inosinic acid (IMP), such as its conversion to xanthylic acid (XMP) and adenylic acid (AMP) via adenylosuccinate (SAMP). TIMP is also converted to 6-methylthioinosinate (MTIMP); TIMP and MTIMP have been observed to inhibit glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, which is an early enzyme in the de novo pathway of purine ribonucleotide synthesis. Mercaptopurine is structurally and functionally similar to Thioguanine (Tabloid).[1][2][3][4]
Route: PO
Extravasation: n/a

For conciseness and simplicity, HemOnc.org currently will focus on treatment regimens and not list information such as: renal/hepatic dose adjustments, metabolism (including CYP450), excretion, monitoring parameters (although this will be considered for checklists), or manufacturer. Instead, for the most current information, please refer to your preferred pharmacopeias such as Micromedex, Lexicomp, UpToDate (courtesy of Lexicomp), or the prescribing information.[1]

Diseases for which it is used

Diseases for which it was used

Patient drug information

History of changes in FDA indication

History of changes in EMA indication

  • 1953-09-11: EURD

Also known as

  • Generic names: 6-MP, 6-Mercaptopurine
  • Brand names: Purinethol, Purixan (oral suspension formulation), Xaluprine

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) package insert
  2. ↑ Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) package insert (locally hosted backup)
  3. ↑ Mercaptopurine (Purixan) package insert
  4. ↑ Mercaptopurine (Purixan) package insert (locally hosted backup)
  5. ↑ Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (Chemocare)
  6. ↑ Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) patient drug information (UpToDate)
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