Difference between revisions of "Bladder cancer - null regimens"
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#Martinez-Piñeiro JA, Gonzalez Martin M, Arocena F, Flores N, Roncero CR, Portillo JA, Escudero A, Jimenez Cruz F, Isorna S. Neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy before radical cystectomy in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective randomized phase III study. J Urol. 1995 Mar;153(3 Pt 2):964-73. [https://www.auajournals.org/doi/full/10.1016/S0022-5347%2801%2967614-6 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7853584 PubMed] | #Martinez-Piñeiro JA, Gonzalez Martin M, Arocena F, Flores N, Roncero CR, Portillo JA, Escudero A, Jimenez Cruz F, Isorna S. Neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy before radical cystectomy in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective randomized phase III study. J Urol. 1995 Mar;153(3 Pt 2):964-73. [https://www.auajournals.org/doi/full/10.1016/S0022-5347%2801%2967614-6 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7853584 PubMed] | ||
#'''BA06 30894:''' Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, Raghavan D, Parmar MK; International Collaboration of Trialists. Neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):533-40. Erratum in: Lancet 1999 Nov 6;354(9190):1650. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(99)02292-8/abstract link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10470696 PubMed] | #'''BA06 30894:''' Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, Raghavan D, Parmar MK; International Collaboration of Trialists. Neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):533-40. Erratum in: Lancet 1999 Nov 6;354(9190):1650. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(99)02292-8/abstract link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10470696 PubMed] | ||
− | ##'''Update:''' Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, Raghavan D, Parmar MK; International Collaboration of Trialists; Medical Research Council Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party (now the National Cancer Research Institute Bladder Cancer Clinical Studies Group); | + | ##'''Update:''' Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, Raghavan D, Parmar MK; International Collaboration of Trialists; Medical Research Council Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party (now the National Cancer Research Institute Bladder Cancer Clinical Studies Group); [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Group; Australian Bladder Cancer Study Group; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Finnbladder; Norwegian Bladder Cancer Study Group; Club Urologico Espanol de Tratamiento Oncologico Group. International phase III trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of the BA06 30894 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jun 1;29(16):2171-7. Epub 2011 Apr 18. [http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/29/16/2171.long link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107740/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21502557 PubMed] |
#'''SWOG S8710:''' Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, Speights VO, Vogelzang NJ, Trump DL, deVere White RW, Sarosdy MF, Wood DP Jr, Raghavan D, Crawford ED. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Aug 28;349(9):859-66. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa022148 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12944571 PubMed] | #'''SWOG S8710:''' Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, Speights VO, Vogelzang NJ, Trump DL, deVere White RW, Sarosdy MF, Wood DP Jr, Raghavan D, Crawford ED. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Aug 28;349(9):859-66. [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa022148 link to original article] '''contains verified protocol''' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12944571 PubMed] | ||
#'''JCOG0209:''' Kitamura H, Tsukamoto T, Shibata T, Masumori N, Fujimoto H, Hirao Y, Fujimoto K, Kitamura Y, Tomita Y, Tobisu K, Niwakawa M, Naito S, Eto M, Kakehi Y; Urologic Oncology Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Randomised phase III study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, doxorubicin, vinblastine and cisplatin followed by radical cystectomy compared with radical cystectomy alone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0209. Ann Oncol. 2014 Jun;25(6):1192-8. [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu126 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24669010 PubMed] | #'''JCOG0209:''' Kitamura H, Tsukamoto T, Shibata T, Masumori N, Fujimoto H, Hirao Y, Fujimoto K, Kitamura Y, Tomita Y, Tobisu K, Niwakawa M, Naito S, Eto M, Kakehi Y; Urologic Oncology Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Randomised phase III study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, doxorubicin, vinblastine and cisplatin followed by radical cystectomy compared with radical cystectomy alone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0209. Ann Oncol. 2014 Jun;25(6):1192-8. [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu126 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24669010 PubMed] | ||
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#'''SWOG-4B951:''' Stadler WM, Lerner SP, Groshen S, Stein JP, Shi SR, Raghavan D, Esrig D, Steinberg G, Wood D, Klotz L, Hall C, Skinner DG, Cote RJ. Phase III study of molecularly targeted adjuvant therapy in locally advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder based on p53 status. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Sep 1;29(25):3443-9. Epub 2011 Aug 1. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.34.4028 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164246/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21810677 PubMed] | #'''SWOG-4B951:''' Stadler WM, Lerner SP, Groshen S, Stein JP, Shi SR, Raghavan D, Esrig D, Steinberg G, Wood D, Klotz L, Hall C, Skinner DG, Cote RJ. Phase III study of molecularly targeted adjuvant therapy in locally advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder based on p53 status. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Sep 1;29(25):3443-9. Epub 2011 Aug 1. [https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.34.4028 link to original article] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164246/ link to PMC article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21810677 PubMed] | ||
#Cognetti F, Ruggeri EM, Felici A, Gallucci M, Muto G, Pollera CF, Massidda B, Rubagotti A, Giannarelli D, Boccardo F; Study Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine versus chemotherapy at relapse in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy: an Italian, multicenter, randomized phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2012 Mar;23(3):695-700. Epub 2011 Aug 22. [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr354 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21859900 PubMed] | #Cognetti F, Ruggeri EM, Felici A, Gallucci M, Muto G, Pollera CF, Massidda B, Rubagotti A, Giannarelli D, Boccardo F; Study Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine versus chemotherapy at relapse in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy: an Italian, multicenter, randomized phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2012 Mar;23(3):695-700. Epub 2011 Aug 22. [https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr354 link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21859900 PubMed] | ||
− | #'''EORTC 30994:''' Sternberg CN, Skoneczna I, Kerst JM, Albers P, Fossa SD, Agerbaek M, Dumez H, de Santis M, Théodore C, Leahy MG, Chester JD, Verbaeys A, Daugaard G, Wood L, Witjes JA, de Wit R, Geoffrois L, Sengelov L, Thalmann G, Charpentier D, Rolland F, Mignot L, Sundar S, Symonds P, Graham J, Joly F, Marreaud S, Collette L, Sylvester R; | + | #'''EORTC 30994:''' Sternberg CN, Skoneczna I, Kerst JM, Albers P, Fossa SD, Agerbaek M, Dumez H, de Santis M, Théodore C, Leahy MG, Chester JD, Verbaeys A, Daugaard G, Wood L, Witjes JA, de Wit R, Geoffrois L, Sengelov L, Thalmann G, Charpentier D, Rolland F, Mignot L, Sundar S, Symonds P, Graham J, Joly F, Marreaud S, Collette L, Sylvester R; [[Study_Groups#EORTC|EORTC]] Genito-Urinary Cancers Group; Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs Urogénitales; National Cancer Research Institute Bladder Cancer Study Group; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; German Association of Urologic Oncology. Immediate versus deferred chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with pT3-pT4 or N+ M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (EORTC 30994): an intergroup, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jan;16(1):76-86. Epub 2014 Dec 11. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(14)71160-X/fulltext link to original article] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25498218 PubMed] NCT00028756 |
=Maintenance after first-line therapy= | =Maintenance after first-line therapy= |
Revision as of 18:22, 14 March 2020
The purpose of this page is to provide references to "null therapy" such as placebo and observation. While not clinically relevant, these references provide further insight into the historical development of the treatment landscape. See the main bladder cancer page for current regimens.
Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer/Intravesical chemotherapy
Observation
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ito et al. 2013 (THP Monotherapy Study Group Trial) | 2005-2008 | Randomized Phase II (C) | Pirarubicin | Seems to have inferior RFS |
No active antineoplastic treatment after surgery.
Preceding treatment
References
- THP Monotherapy Study Group Trial: Ito A, Shintaku I, Satoh M, Ioritani N, Aizawa M, Tochigi T, Kawamura S, Aoki H, Numata I, Takeda A, Namiki S, Namima T, Ikeda Y, Kambe K, Kyan A, Ueno S, Orikasa K, Katoh S, Adachi H, Tokuyama S, Ishidoya S, Yamaguchi T, Arai Y. Prospective randomized phase II trial of a single early intravesical instillation of pirarubicin (THP) in the prevention of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: the THP Monotherapy Study Group Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Apr 10;31(11):1422-7. Epub 2013 Mar 4. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
No neoadjuvant therapy
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Martinez-Piñeiro et al. 1995 | 1984-1989 | Phase III (C) | Cisplatin | Did not meet primary endpoint of OS |
Grossman et al. 2003 (SWOG S8710) | 1987-1998 | Phase III (C) | MVAC | Might have inferior OS |
Griffiths et al. 1999 (BA06 30894) | 1989-1995 | Phase III (C) | CMV | Seems to have inferior OS (*) |
Kitamura et al. 2014 (JCOG0209) | 2003-2009 | Phase III (C) | MVAC | Might have inferior OS |
No preoperative treatment; used as a comparator arm and here for reference purposes only. Reported efficacy for BA06 30894 is based on the 2011 update.
Subsequent treatment
References
- Martinez-Piñeiro JA, Gonzalez Martin M, Arocena F, Flores N, Roncero CR, Portillo JA, Escudero A, Jimenez Cruz F, Isorna S. Neoadjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy before radical cystectomy in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective randomized phase III study. J Urol. 1995 Mar;153(3 Pt 2):964-73. link to original article PubMed
- BA06 30894: Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, Raghavan D, Parmar MK; International Collaboration of Trialists. Neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):533-40. Erratum in: Lancet 1999 Nov 6;354(9190):1650. link to original article PubMed
- Update: Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, Raghavan D, Parmar MK; International Collaboration of Trialists; Medical Research Council Advanced Bladder Cancer Working Party (now the National Cancer Research Institute Bladder Cancer Clinical Studies Group); EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Group; Australian Bladder Cancer Study Group; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; Finnbladder; Norwegian Bladder Cancer Study Group; Club Urologico Espanol de Tratamiento Oncologico Group. International phase III trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of the BA06 30894 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jun 1;29(16):2171-7. Epub 2011 Apr 18. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
- SWOG S8710: Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, Speights VO, Vogelzang NJ, Trump DL, deVere White RW, Sarosdy MF, Wood DP Jr, Raghavan D, Crawford ED. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Aug 28;349(9):859-66. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
- JCOG0209: Kitamura H, Tsukamoto T, Shibata T, Masumori N, Fujimoto H, Hirao Y, Fujimoto K, Kitamura Y, Tomita Y, Tobisu K, Niwakawa M, Naito S, Eto M, Kakehi Y; Urologic Oncology Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Randomised phase III study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, doxorubicin, vinblastine and cisplatin followed by radical cystectomy compared with radical cystectomy alone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0209. Ann Oncol. 2014 Jun;25(6):1192-8. link to original article PubMed
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Observation
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stadler et al. 2011 (SWOG-4B951) | 1997-2006 | Phase III (C) | MVAC | Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS |
Paz-Ares et al 2010 (SOGUG 99/01) | 2000-2007 | Phase III (C) | PGC | Inferior OS |
Cognetti et al. 2011 | 2001-2007 | Phase III (C) | Cisplatin & Gemcitabine | Did not meet primary endpoint of OS |
Sternberg et al. 2014 (EORTC 30994) | 2002-2008 | Phase III (C) | MVAC | Did not meet primary endpoint of OS |
Patients in SOGUG 99/01 had pT3-4 and/or pN positive disease with adequate renal function (CrCl greater than 50 mL/min/1.73m2). This arm underwent cystectomy and no further treatment. The study prematurely closed due to poor recruitment and lacks adequate power to make firm conclusions. In SWOG-4B951, only patients with positive p53 staining were randomized.
Preceding treatment
Subsequent treatment
- EORTC 30994, upon relapse: MVAC x 6
References
- Abstract: L. G. Paz-Ares, E. Solsona, E. Esteban, A. Saez, J. Gonzalez-Larriba, A. Anton, M. Hevia, F. de la Rosa, V. Guillem, and J. Bellmunt. Randomized phase III trial comparing adjuvant paclitaxel/gemcitabine/cisplatin (PGC) to observation in patients with resected invasive bladder cancer: Results of the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group (SOGUG) 99/01 study. ASCO MEETING ABSTRACTS Jun 22, 2010:LBA4518. link to abstract contains verified protocol
- SWOG-4B951: Stadler WM, Lerner SP, Groshen S, Stein JP, Shi SR, Raghavan D, Esrig D, Steinberg G, Wood D, Klotz L, Hall C, Skinner DG, Cote RJ. Phase III study of molecularly targeted adjuvant therapy in locally advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder based on p53 status. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Sep 1;29(25):3443-9. Epub 2011 Aug 1. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
- Cognetti F, Ruggeri EM, Felici A, Gallucci M, Muto G, Pollera CF, Massidda B, Rubagotti A, Giannarelli D, Boccardo F; Study Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine versus chemotherapy at relapse in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy: an Italian, multicenter, randomized phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2012 Mar;23(3):695-700. Epub 2011 Aug 22. link to original article PubMed
- EORTC 30994: Sternberg CN, Skoneczna I, Kerst JM, Albers P, Fossa SD, Agerbaek M, Dumez H, de Santis M, Théodore C, Leahy MG, Chester JD, Verbaeys A, Daugaard G, Wood L, Witjes JA, de Wit R, Geoffrois L, Sengelov L, Thalmann G, Charpentier D, Rolland F, Mignot L, Sundar S, Symonds P, Graham J, Joly F, Marreaud S, Collette L, Sylvester R; EORTC Genito-Urinary Cancers Group; Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs Urogénitales; National Cancer Research Institute Bladder Cancer Study Group; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group; German Association of Urologic Oncology. Immediate versus deferred chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with pT3-pT4 or N+ M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (EORTC 30994): an intergroup, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jan;16(1):76-86. Epub 2014 Dec 11. link to original article PubMed NCT00028756
Maintenance after first-line therapy
Placebo
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Powles et al. 2016 (LaMB) | 2007-2013 | Phase III (C) | Lapatinib | Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS |
No active antineoplastic treatment.
References
- LaMB: Powles T, Huddart RA, Elliott T, Sarker SJ, Ackerman C, Jones R, Hussain S, Crabb S, Jagdev S, Chester J, Hilman S, Beresford M, Macdonald G, Santhanam S, Frew JA, Stockdale A, Hughes S, Berney D, Chowdhury S. Phase III, double-blind, randomized trial that compared maintenance lapatinib versus placebo after first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 1/2-positive metastatic bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Jan;35(1):48-55. Epub 2016 Oct 28. link to original article PubMed NCT00949455
Locally advanced or metastatic disease, subsequent lines
Best supportive care
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bellmunt et al. 2009 | 2003-2006 | Phase III (C) | Vinflunine | Inferior OS (*) |
No active antineoplastic treatment. Reported efficacy is based on the 2013 update.
References
- Bellmunt J, Théodore C, Demkov T, Komyakov B, Sengelov L, Daugaard G, Caty A, Carles J, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Karyakin O, Delgado FM, Hurteloup P, Winquist E, Morsli N, Salhi Y, Culine S, von der Maase H. Phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone after a platinum-containing regimen in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Sep 20;27(27):4454-61. Epub 2009 Aug 17. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 1;28(1):182. Winquist, Eric [added]. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
- Update: Bellmunt J, Fougeray R, Rosenberg JE, von der Maase H, Schutz FA, Salhi Y, Culine S, Choueiri TK. Long-term survival results of a randomized phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone in advanced urothelial carcinoma patients after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2013 Jun;24(6):1466-72. Epub 2013 Feb 17. link to original article PubMed