Non-small cell lung cancer - historical

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The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. As a general rule, this includes the inferior arm(s) of a randomized study, unless said regimens continue to be recommended by trustworthy sources such as the NCCN Guidelines. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the main NSCLC page for current regimens.

26 regimens on this page
35 variants on this page


Neoadjuvant therapy

MIC

MIC: Mitomycin, Ifosfamide, Cisplatin

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Rosell et al. 1994 1989-1991 Phase 3 (E-esc) No preoperative therapy Superior OS
Depierre et al. 2002 1991-1997 Phase 3 (E-esc) No preoperative therapy Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. Rosell R, Gómez-Codina J, Camps C, Maestre J, Padille J, Cantó A, Mate JL, Li S, Roig J, Olazábal A, Canela M, Ariza A, Skacel Z, Morera-Prat J, Abad A. A randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 1994 Jan 20;330(3):153-8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. Depierre A, Milleron B, Moro-Sibilot D, Chevret S, Quoix E, Lebeau B, Braun D, Breton JL, Lemarié E, Gouva S, Paillot N, Bréchot JM, Janicot H, Lebas FX, Terrioux P, Clavier J, Foucher P, Monchâtre M, Coëtmeur D, Level MC, Leclerc P, Blanchon F, Rodier JM, Thiberville L, Villeneuve A, Westeel V, Chastang C; IFCT. Preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with primary surgery in resectable stage I (except T1N0), II, and IIIa non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):247-53. link to original article PubMed

Adjuvant therapy

Radiation therapy

RT: Radiation Therapy

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Keller et al. 2000 (ECOG E3590) 1991-1997 Phase 3 (C) EP & RT Did not meet endpoint of OS

Preceding treatment

Radiotherapy

5-week course

References

  1. ECOG E3590: Keller SM, Adak S, Wagner H, Herskovic A, Komaki R, Brooks BJ, Perry MC, Livingston RB, Johnson DH; ECOG. A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000 Oct 26;343(17):1217-22. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Induction therapy for locally advanced disease

MIC

MIC: Mitomycin, Ifosfamide, Cisplatin
MIP: Mitomycin, Ifosfamide, Platinol (Cisplatin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sculier et al. 1999 1989-1996 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT
Sculier et al. 2004 1996-2002 Phase 3 (C) SuperMIP Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

21- to 28-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • Sculier et al. 1999: MIP continuation x 3 versus RT consolidation
  • Sculier et al. 2004: RT consolidation

References

  1. Sculier JP, Paesmans M, Lafitte JJ, Baumöhl J, Thiriaux J, van Cutsem O, Recloux P, Bureau G, Berchier MC, Zacharias C, Mommen P, Bosschaerts T, Berghmans T, van Houtte P, Ninane V, Klastersky J; European Lung Cancer Working Party. A randomised phase III trial comparing consolidation treatment with further chemotherapy to chest irradiation in patients with initially unresectable locoregional non-small-cell lung cancer responding to induction chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 1999 Mar;10(3):295-303. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. Sculier JP, Lafitte JJ, Berghmans T, Van Houtte P, Lecomte J, Thiriaux J, Efremidis A, Koumakis G, Giner V, Richez M, Corhay JL, Wackenier P, Lothaire P, Paesmans M, Mommen P, Ninane V; European Lung Cancer Working Party. A phase III randomised study comparing two different dose-intensity regimens as induction chemotherapy followed by thoracic irradiation in patients with advanced locoregional non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):399-409. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

PEV

PEV: Platinol (Cisplatin), Etoposide, Vinblastine

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kim et al. 2002 1988-1992 Phase 3 (E-esc) No induction chemotherapy Might have superior OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • RT consolidation

References

  1. Kim TY, Yang SH, Lee SH, Park YS, Im YH, Kang WK, Ha SH, Park CI, Heo DS, Bang YJ, Kim NK. A phase III randomized trial of combined chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jun;25(3):238-43. link to original article PubMed

Definitive therapy for locally advanced disease

MVP & RT

MVP & RT: Mitomycin, Vindesine, Platinol (Cisplatin), Radiation Therapy

Regimen variant #1

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Furuse et al. 1999 (JCOG9202) 1992-1994 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) MVP, then RT Seems to have superior OS

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

  • Concurrent External beam radiotherapy 5600 cGy in 28 fractions, given on days 1 to 5, 8 to 12, 15 to 19, 29 to 33, 36 to 40, 43 to 46

46-day course


Regimen variant #2

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Yamamoto et al. 2010 (WJTOG0105) 2001-2005 Phase 3 (C) 1. CP & RT
2. Carboplatin, Irinotecan, RT 		Inconclusive whether non-inferior OS (primary endpoint)

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

  • Concurrent External beam radiotherapy as follows (total dose 6000 cGy):
    • Cycles 1 & 3: 200 cGy per fraction x 15 fractions, given on days 2 to 6, 9 to 13, 16 to 20

28-day cycle for 4 cycles

References

  1. JCOG9202: Furuse K, Fukuoka M, Kawahara M, Nishikawa H, Takada Y, Kudoh S, Katagami N, Ariyoshi Y. Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Sep;17(9):2692-9. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  2. WJTOG0105: Yamamoto N, Nakagawa K, Nishimura Y, Tsujino K, Satouchi M, Kudo S, Hida T, Kawahara M, Takeda K, Katakami N, Sawa T, Yokota S, Seto T, Imamura F, Saka H, Iwamoto Y, Semba H, Chiba Y, Uejima H, Fukuoka M. Phase III study comparing second- and third-generation regimens with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group WJTOG0105. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Aug 10;28(23):3739-45. Epub 2010 Jul 12. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00144053
    1. Update: Zenke Y, Tsuboi M, Chiba Y, Tsujino K, Satouchi M, Sawa K, Shimizu J, Daga H, Fujimoto D, Mori M, Aoki T, Sawa T, Omori S, Saka H, Iwamoto Y, Okuno M, Hirashima T, Kashiwabara K, Tachihara M, Yamamoto N, Nakagawa K. Effect of Second-generation vs Third-generation Chemotherapy Regimens With Thoracic Radiotherapy on Unresectable Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: 10-Year Follow-up of a WJTOG0105 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Jun 1;7(6):904-909. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Maintenance after definitive therapy for inoperable disease

BCG vaccine monotherapy

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Pines 1976 1970-1973 Randomized (E-esc) Observation Seems to have superior OS

Preceding treatment

  • RT consolidation

Immunotherapy

References

  1. Pines A. A 5-year controlled study of BCG and radiotherapy inoperable lung cancer. Lancet. 1976 Feb 21;1(7956):380-1. link to original article PubMed

Advanced or metastatic disease, first-line

CAMP

CAMP: Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Methotrexate, Procarbazine

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Bitran et al. 1978 1975-1977 Non-randomized
Ruckdeschel et al. 1986 (ECOG E1581) 1981-1983 Randomized (E-esc) 1. MVP
2. EC
3. VC 		Did not meet primary endpoint

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Bitran JD, Desser RK, DeMeester T, Golomb HM. Metastatic non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma: therapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine (CAMP). JAMA. 1978 Dec 15;240(25):2743-6. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. ECOG E1581: Ruckdeschel JC, Finkelstein DM, Ettinger DS, Creech RH, Mason BA, Joss RA, Vogl S. A randomized trial of the four most active regimens for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1986 Jan;4(1):14-22. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Carboplatin & Cisplatin

CC: Cisplatin & Carboplatin

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sculier et al. 1998 1990-1995 Phase 3 (C) CCI Inferior ORR

Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.

Chemotherapy

References

  1. Sculier JP, Paesmans M, Thiriaux J, Lecomte J, Bureau G, Giner V, Efremidis A, Lafitte JJ, Berchier MC, Alexopoulos CG, Zacharias C, Mommen P, Ninane V, Klastersky J; European Lung Cancer Working Party. Phase III randomized trial comparing cisplatin and carboplatin with or without ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Apr;16(4):1388-96. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Carboplatin & Paclitaxel (CP) & Vadimezan

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Lara et al. 2011 (ATTRACT-1) 2008-04 to 2009-10 Phase 3 (E-esc) CP Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Median OS: 13.4 vs 12.7 mo
(HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.85-1.19)

Chemotherapy

Targeted therapy

References

  1. ATTRACT-1: Lara PN Jr, Douillard JY, Nakagawa K, von Pawel J, McKeage MJ, Albert I, Losonczy G, Reck M, Heo DS, Fan X, Fandi A, Scagliotti G. Randomized phase III placebo-controlled trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without the vascular disrupting agent vadimezan (ASA404) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Aug 1;29(22):2965-71. Epub 2011 Jun 27. link to original article PubMed NCT00662597

CCI

CCI: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Ifosfamide

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sculier et al. 1998 1990-1995 Phase 3 (E-esc) CC Superior ORR
Sculier et al. 2002 1998-2000 Phase 3 (C) 1. CCG
2. IG 		Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Sculier JP, Paesmans M, Thiriaux J, Lecomte J, Bureau G, Giner V, Efremidis A, Lafitte JJ, Berchier MC, Alexopoulos CG, Zacharias C, Mommen P, Ninane V, Klastersky J; European Lung Cancer Working Party. Phase III randomized trial comparing cisplatin and carboplatin with or without ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Apr;16(4):1388-96. link to original article PubMed
  2. Sculier JP, Lafitte JJ, Lecomte J, Berghmans T, Thiriaux J, Florin MC, Efremidis A, Alexopoulos CG, Recloux P, Ninane V, Mommen P, Paesmans M, Klastersky J; European Lung Cancer Working Party. A three-arm phase III randomised trial comparing combinations of platinum derivatives, ifosfamide and/or gemcitabine in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2002 Jun;13(6):874-82. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

CISCA

CISCA: CISplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)
CAP: Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Platinol (Cisplatin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Robert et al. 1984 1978-1981 Phase 3 (C) 1. Cyclophosphamide & Doxorubicin (AC)
2. CAMF 		Did not meet endpoint of OS
Miller et al. 1986 (SWOG S8012) 1980-1983 Phase 3 (C) 1. FOMi
2. FOMi/CAP 		Seems to have inferior OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Robert F, Omura GA, Birch R, Krauss S, Oldham R; SECG. Randomized phase III comparison of three doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimens in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. J Clin Oncol. 1984 May;2(5):391-5. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. SWOG S8012: Miller TP, Chen TT, Coltman CA Jr, O'Bryan RM, Vance RB, Weiss GB, Fletcher WS, Stephens RL, Livingston RB. Effect of alternating combination chemotherapy on survival of ambulatory patients with metastatic large-cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 1986 Apr;4(4):502-8. link to original article PubMed

Cisplatin monotherapy

Regimen variant #1, 75 q3wk x 8

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
von Pawel et al. 2000 (CATAPULT I) NR Phase 3 (C) Cisplatin & Tirapazamine Inferior OS

Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for up to 8 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 100 q3wk

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gatzemeier et al. 2000 1995-01 to 1996-04 Phase 3 (C) Cisplatin & Paclitaxel Seems to have inferior TTP

Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles


Regimen variant #3, 100 q4wk

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Gandara et al. 1993 1988-1990 Phase 3 (C) 1. HDCP
2. HDCP-M 		Did not meet endpoint of OS
Wozniak et al. 1998 (SWOG S9308) 1993-1995 Phase 3 (C) CVb Inferior OS
Sandler et al. 2000 1995-1997 Phase 3 (C) GC Inferior OS

Note: to our knowledge, this regimen was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Gandara DR, Crowley J, Livingston RB, Perez EA, Taylor CW, Weiss G, Neefe JR, Hutchins LF, Roach RW, Grunberg SM, Braun TJ, Natale RB, Balcerzak SP; SWOG. Evaluation of cisplatin intensity in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III study of the Southwest Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 1993 May;11(5):873-8. link to original article PubMed
  2. SWOG S9308: Wozniak AJ, Crowley JJ, Balcerzak SP, Weiss GR, Spiridonidis CH, Baker LH, Albain KS, Kelly K, Taylor SA, Gandara DR, Livingston RB; SWOG. Randomized trial comparing cisplatin with cisplatin plus vinorelbine in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Jul;16(7):2459-65. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  3. Sandler AB, Nemunaitis J, Denham C, von Pawel J, Cormier Y, Gatzemeier U, Mattson K, Manegold C, Palmer MC, Gregor A, Nguyen B, Niyikiza C, Einhorn LH. Phase III trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jan;18(1):122-30. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  4. CATAPULT I: von Pawel J, von Roemeling R, Gatzemeier U, Boyer M, Elisson LO, Clark P, Talbot D, Rey A, Butler TW, Hirsh V, Olver I, Bergman B, Ayoub J, Richardson G, Dunlop D, Arcenas A, Vescio R, Viallet J, Treat J. Tirapazamine plus cisplatin versus cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A report of the international CATAPULT I study group: cisplatin and Tirapazamine in Subjects with Advanced Previously Untreated Non-Small-Cell Lung Tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Mar;18(6):1351-9. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  5. Gatzemeier U, von Pawel J, Gottfried M, ten Velde GP, Mattson K, de Marinis F, Harper P, Salvati F, Robinet G, Lucenti A, Bogaerts J, Gallant G. Phase III comparative study of high-dose cisplatin versus a combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Oct 1;18(19):3390-9. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Cisplatin & Pemetrexed

Pem-Cis: Pemetrexed & Cisplatin
Cis-Pem: Cisplatin & Pemetrexed

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Scagliotti et al. 2008 (JMDB) 2004-07 to 2005-12 Phase 3 (E-RT-switch-ic) Cisplatin & Gemcitabine Seems to have non-inferior OS (primary endpoint)
Median OS: 10.3 vs 10.3 mo
(HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.84-1.05)

Note: although this regimen is still current for nonsquamous NSCLC, the JMDB trial was unselected by histology.

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

  • Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 1000 mcg IM every 9 weeks, first dose prior to pemetrexed
  • Folic acid 1 mg PO once per day
  • In Sequist et al. 2013: Patients "received folic acid, vitamin B12, and dexamethasone, as per package recommendations for pemetrexed."

21-day cycle for 4 to 6 cycles

References

  1. JMDB: Scagliotti GV, Parikh P, von Pawel J, Biesma B, Vansteenkiste J, Manegold C, Serwatowski P, Gatzemeier U, Digumarti R, Zukin M, Lee JS, Mellemgaard A, Park K, Patil S, Rolski J, Goksel T, de Marinis F, Simms L, Sugarman KP, Gandara D. Phase III study comparing cisplatin plus gemcitabine with cisplatin plus pemetrexed in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 20;26(21):3543-51. Epub 2008 May 27. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Cisplatin & Vinblastine

VP: Vinblastine & Platinol (Cisplatin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kosty et al. 1994 (CALGB 8931) 1989-1991 Phase 3 (C) VP & Hydrazine Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. CALGB 8931: Kosty MP, Fleishman SB, Herndon JE 2nd, Coughlin K, Kornblith AB, Scalzo A, Morris JC, Mortimer J, Green MR; CALGB. Cisplatin, vinblastine, and hydrazine sulfate in advanced, non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind phase III study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. J Clin Oncol. 1994 Jun;12(6):1113-20. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Cisplatin & Vindesine

VP: Vindesine & Platinol (Cisplatin)
VdsC: Vindesine & Cisplatin

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ruckdeschel et al. 1986 (ECOG E1581) 1981-1983 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. CAMP
2. EC
3. MVP 		Did not meet primary endpoint
Rapp et al. 1988 1983-1986 Phase 3 (E-esc) Best supportive care Superior OS
Masutani et al. 1999 1987-1992 Phase 3 (C) 1. PVI
2. PVM 		Did not meet endpoint of OS
Kodani et al. 2002 1987-1992 Phase 3 (C) PVI Did not meet endpoint of ORR
Le Chevalier et al. 1994 1989-1991 Phase 3 (C) 1. CVb Seems to have inferior OS
2. Vinorelbine Not reported
Negoro et al. 2003 1995-1998 Phase 3 (C) 1. Cisplatin & Irinotecan Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
2. Irinotecan Not reported
Vansteenkiste et al. 2001 1996-1999 Phase 3 (C) Gemcitabine Seems to have inferior clinical benefit
Kubota et al. 2004 1998-2000 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Cisplatin & Docetaxel Seems to have inferior OS (primary endpoint)

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. ECOG E1581: Ruckdeschel JC, Finkelstein DM, Ettinger DS, Creech RH, Mason BA, Joss RA, Vogl S. A randomized trial of the four most active regimens for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1986 Jan;4(1):14-22. link to original article PubMed
  2. Rapp E, Pater JL, Willan A, Cormier Y, Murray N, Evans WK, Hodson DI, Clark DA, Feld R, Arnold AM, Ayoub JI, Wilson KS, Latreille J, Wierzbicki RF, Hill DP. Chemotherapy can prolong survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer--report of a Canadian multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 1988 Apr;6(4):633-41. link to original article PubMed
  3. Le Chevalier T, Brisgand D, Douillard JY, Pujol JL, Alberola V, Monnier A, Riviere A, Lianes P, Chomy P, Cigolari S, Gottfried M, Ruffle P, Panizo A, Gaspard MH, Ravaioli A, Besenval M, Besson F, Martinez A, Berthaud P, Tursz T. Randomized study of vinorelbine and cisplatin versus vindesine and cisplatin versus vinorelbine alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a European multicenter trial including 612 patients. J Clin Oncol. 1994 Feb;12(2):360-7. link to original article PubMed
  4. Masutani M, Akusawa H, Kadota A, Ohchi Y, Takahashi N, Tanigawa S, Koya Y, Horie T. A phase III randomized trial of cisplatin plus vindesine versus cisplatin plus vindesine plus mitomycin C versus cisplatin plus vindesine plus ifosfamide for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Respirology. 1996 Mar;1(1):49-54. link to original article PubMed
  5. Vansteenkiste JF, Vandebroek JE, Nackaerts KL, Weynants P, Valcke YJ, Verresen DA, Devogelaere RC, Marien SA, Humblet YP, Dams NL; Leuven Lung Cancer Group. Clinical-benefit response in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre prospective randomised phase III study of single agent gemcitabine versus cisplatin-vindesine. Ann Oncol. 2001 Sep;12(9):1221-30. link to original article PubMed
  6. Kodani T, Ueoka H, Kiura K, Tabata M, Takigawa N, Segawa Y, Moritaka T, Hiraki S, Harada M, Tanimoto M. A phase III randomized trial comparing vindesine and cisplatin with or without ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: long-term follow-up results and analysis of prognostic factors. Lung Cancer. 2002 Jun;36(3):313-9. link to original article PubMed
  7. Negoro S, Masuda N, Takada Y, Sugiura T, Kudoh S, Katakami N, Ariyoshi Y, Ohashi Y, Niitani H, Fukuoka M; CPT-11 Lung Cancer Study Group West. Randomised phase III trial of irinotecan combined with cisplatin for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2003 Feb 10;88(3):335-41. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  8. Kubota K, Watanabe K, Kunitoh H, Noda K, Ichinose Y, Katakami N, Sugiura T, Kawahara M, Yokoyama A, Yokota S, Yoneda S, Matsui K, Kudo S, Shibuya M, Isobe T, Segawa Y, Nishiwaki Y, Ohashi Y, Niitani H; Japanese Taxotere Lung Cancer Study Group. Phase III randomized trial of docetaxel plus cisplatin versus vindesine plus cisplatin in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer: the Japanese Taxotere Lung Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jan 15;22(2):254-61. link to original article PubMed

Docetaxel monotherapy

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Roszkowski et al. 2000 1995-NR Phase 3 (E-esc) Best supportive care Seems to have superior OS
Georgoulias et al. 2007 2002-2004 Phase 3 (C) DG Seems to have inferior OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Roszkowski K, Pluzanska A, Krzakowski M, Smith AP, Saigi E, Aasebo U, Parisi A, Pham Tran N, Olivares R, Berille J. A multicenter, randomized, phase III study of docetaxel plus best supportive care versus best supportive care in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic or non-resectable localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer. 2000 Mar;27(3):145-57. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  2. Georgoulias V, Androulakis N, Kotsakis A, Hatzidaki D, Syrigos K, Polyzos A, Agelidou A, Varthalitis I, Ziras N, Agelidou M, Chandrinos V, Boukovinas I, Geroyianni A, Vamvakas L, Mavroudis D. Docetaxel versus docetaxel plus gemcitabine as front-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, multicenter phase III trial. Lung Cancer. 2008 Jan;59(1):57-63. Epub 2007 Aug 31. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Docetaxel & Gemcitabine

DG: Docetaxel & Gemcitabine

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Georgoulias et al. 2007 2002-2004 Phase 3 (E-esc) Docetaxel Seems to have superior OS (primary endpoint)
Median OS: 9.4 vs 8.3 mo

Note: while this was the superior arm of a phase 3 RCT, the comparator (single-agent docetaxel) is not usually used in the first-line treatment and this regimen is not currently recommended by ESMO guidelines.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Georgoulias V, Androulakis N, Kotsakis A, Hatzidaki D, Syrigos K, Polyzos A, Agelidou A, Varthalitis I, Ziras N, Agelidou M, Chandrinos V, Boukovinas I, Geroyianni A, Vamvakas L, Mavroudis D. Docetaxel versus docetaxel plus gemcitabine as front-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, multicenter phase III trial. Lung Cancer. 2008 Jan;59(1):57-63. Epub 2007 Aug 31. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

FULV

FULV: 5-FU & LeucoVorin

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Crawford et al. 1996 1990-1992 Randomized (C) Vinorelbine Seems to have inferior OS

Note: To our knowledge, this regimen variant was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Crawford J, O'Rourke M, Schiller JH, Spiridonidis CH, Yanovich S, Ozer H, Langleben A, Hutchins L, Koletsky A, Clamon G, Burman S, White R, Hohneker J. Randomized trial of vinorelbine compared with fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Oct;14(10):2774-84. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol 1996 Dec;14(12):3175. Spiridonitis CH [corrected to Spiridonidis CH]. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Ifosfamide & Gemcitabine

IG: Ifosfamide & Gemcitabine

Regimen variant #1, 3000/1000

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Berghmans et al. 2013 (ELCWP-01041) 2003-2009 Phase 3 (C) 1. GIP
2. DP 		Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Note: to our knowledge, this regimen variant was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm. Cycle length was not explicitly declared in the manuscript and was inferred from other variants.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles


Regimen variant #2, 4500/1000

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sculier et al. 2002 1998-2000 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. CCI
2. CCG 		Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Note: This was an experimental arm that did not meet its primary endpoint; included here because it was likely used to establish this regimen as a standard comparator.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Sculier JP, Lafitte JJ, Lecomte J, Berghmans T, Thiriaux J, Florin MC, Efremidis A, Alexopoulos CG, Recloux P, Ninane V, Mommen P, Paesmans M, Klastersky J; European Lung Cancer Working Party. A three-arm phase III randomised trial comparing combinations of platinum derivatives, ifosfamide and/or gemcitabine in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2002 Jun;13(6):874-82. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. ELCWP-01041: Berghmans T, Lafitte JJ, Scherpereel A, Paesmans M, Lecomte J, Marco VG, Meert AP, Leclercq N, Sculier JP; European Lung Cancer Working Party. An ELCWP phase III trial comparing ifosfamide and cisplatin regimens in advanced NSCLC. Anticancer Res. 2013 Dec;33(12):5477-82. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00622349

Gemcitabine monotherapy

Regimen variant #1, 1000 mg/m2, 3 out of 4 weeks

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Vansteenkiste et al. 2001 1996-1999 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) Cisplatin & Vindesine Seems to have superior clinical benefit

Note: this regimen is considered current in elderly patients or those with poor PS; these trials were unselected by these parameters.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles


Regimen variant #2, 1250 mg/m2, 2 out of 3 weeks

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Sederholm et al. 2005 1998-2001 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) Carboplatin & Gemcitabine Seems to have inferior OS

Note: this regimen is considered current in elderly patients or those with poor PS; these trials were unselected by these parameters.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Vansteenkiste JF, Vandebroek JE, Nackaerts KL, Weynants P, Valcke YJ, Verresen DA, Devogelaere RC, Marien SA, Humblet YP, Dams NL; Leuven Lung Cancer Group. Clinical-benefit response in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre prospective randomised phase III study of single agent gemcitabine versus cisplatin-vindesine. Ann Oncol. 2001 Sep;12(9):1221-30. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. Sederholm C, Hillerdal G, Lamberg K, Kölbeck K, Dufmats M, Westberg R, Gawande SR. Phase III trial of gemcitabine plus carboplatin versus single-agent gemcitabine in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8380-8. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

GIP

GIP: Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide, Platinol (Cisplatin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence
Sculier et al. 2007 2000-2004 Non-randomized part of phase 3 RCT

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

  1. Sculier JP, Lafitte JJ, Lecomte J, Alexopoulos CG, Van Cutsem O, Giner V, Efremidis A, Berchier MC, Collon T, Meert AP, Scherpereel A, Ninane V, Paesmans M, Berghmans T; European Lung Cancer Working Party. A phase III randomised trial comparing sequential chemotherapy using cisplatin-based regimen and paclitaxel to cisplatin-based chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2007 Jun;18(6):1037-42. Epub 2007 Apr 2. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

MACC

MACC: Methotrexate, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), Cyclophosphamide, CCNU (Lomustine)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Chahinian et al. 1977 NR Non-randomized
Cormier et al. 1982 NR Phase 3 (E-esc) Placebo Superior OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Chahinian PA, Arnold DJ, Cohen JM, Purpora DP, Jaffrey IS, Teirstein AS, Kirschner PA, Holland JF. Chemotherapy for bronchogenic carcinoma: methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and lomustine. JAMA. 1977 May 30;237(22):2392-6. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. Cormier Y, Bergeron D, La Forge J, Lavandier M, Fournier M, Chenard J, Desmeules M. Benefits of polychemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Cancer. 1982 Sep 1;50(5):845-9. link to original article PubMed

MIC

MIC: Mitomycin, Ifosfamide, Cisplatin
MIP: Mitomycin, Ifosfamide, Platinol (Cisplatin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Cullen et al. 1999 (MIC2) 1988-1996 Phase 3 (E-esc) Best supportive care Seems to have superior OS
Crinò et al. 1999 1995-1997 Phase 3 (C) Cisplatin & Gemcitabine Seems to have inferior ORR
Sculier et al. 2000 1995-1998 Phase 3 (C) CarboMIP Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Danson et al. 2003 1997-2001 Phase 3 (C) GC Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Booton et al. 2006 (BTOG1) 2001-06 to 2002-11 Phase 3 (C) DCb Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

Supportive therapy

  • Mesna (Mesnex) 1000 mg/m2 IV over 3 hours once on day 1, given with ifosfamide, then 500 mg/m2 IV bolus at 4 hours and 8 hours after ifosfamide

21-day cycles

References

  1. MIC2: Cullen MH, Billingham LJ, Woodroffe CM, Chetiyawardana AD, Gower NH, Joshi R, Ferry DR, Rudd RM, Spiro SG, Cook JE, Trask C, Bessell E, Connolly CK, Tobias J, Souhami RL. Mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: effects on survival and quality of life. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Oct;17(10):3188-94. link to original article PubMed
  2. Crinò L, Scagliotti GV, Ricci S, De Marinis F, Rinaldi M, Gridelli C, Ceribelli A, Bianco R, Marangolo M, Di Costanzo F, Sassi M, Barni S, Ravaioli A, Adamo V, Portalone L, Cruciani G, Masotti A, Ferrara G, Gozzelino F, Tonato M. Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A randomized phase III study of the Italian Lung Cancer Project. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Nov;17(11):3522-30. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  3. Sculier JP, Lafitte JJ, Paesmans M, Thiriaux J, Alexopoulos CG, Baumöhl J, Schmerber J, Koumakis G, Florin MC, Zacharias C, Berghmans T, Mommen P, Ninane V, Klastersky J. Phase III randomized trial comparing moderate-dose cisplatin to combined cisplatin and carboplatin in addition to mitomycin and ifosfamide in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2000 Nov;83(9):1128-35. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  4. Danson S, Middleton MR, O'Byrne KJ, Clemons M, Ranson M, Hassan J, Anderson H, Burt PA, Fairve-Finn C, Stout R, Dowd I, Ashcroft L, Beresford C, Thatcher N. Phase III trial of gemcitabine and carboplatin versus mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin or mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer. 2003 Aug 1;98(3):542-53. link to original article PubMed
  5. BTOG1: Booton R, Lorigan P, Anderson H, Baka S, Ashcroft L, Nicolson M, O'Brien M, Dunlop D, O'Byrne K, Laurence V, Snee M, Dark G, Thatcher N. A phase III trial of docetaxel/carboplatin versus mitomycin C/ifosfamide/cisplatin (MIC) or mitomycin C/vinblastine/cisplatin (MVP) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised multicentre trial of the British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG1). Ann Oncol. 2006 Jul;17(7):1111-9. Epub 2006 Apr 7. link to original article PubMed

MVP (Vinblastine)

MVP: Mitomycin, Vinblastine, Platinol (Cisplatin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ruckdeschel et al. 1986 (ECOG E1581) 1981-1983 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. CAMP
2. EC
3. VC 		Did not meet primary endpoint
Bonomi et al. 1989 (ECOG E1583) 1984-01 to 1985-07 Phase 3 (C) 1. VP
2. MVP/CAMP
3. Carboplatin
4. Iproplatin 		Might have inferior OS
Veeder et al. 1992 NR Phase 3 (C) Mitomycin Might have superior OS
Smith et al. 2001 1995-1998 Phase 3 (C) MVP x 3 Did not meet co-primary endpoint of OS
Danson et al. 2003 1997-2001 Phase 3 (C) GC Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Booton et al. 2006 (BTOG1) 2001-06 to 2002-11 Phase 3 (C) DCb Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. ECOG E1581: Ruckdeschel JC, Finkelstein DM, Ettinger DS, Creech RH, Mason BA, Joss RA, Vogl S. A randomized trial of the four most active regimens for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1986 Jan;4(1):14-22. link to original article PubMed
  2. ECOG E1583: Bonomi PD, Finkelstein DM, Ruckdeschel JC, Blum RH, Green MD, Mason B, Hahn R, Tormey DC, Harris J, Comis R, Glick J. Combination chemotherapy versus single agents followed by combination chemotherapy in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 1989 Nov;7(11):1602-13. link to original article PubMed
  3. Veeder MH, Jett JR, Su JQ, Mailliard JA, Foley JF, Dalton RJ, Etzell PS, Marschke RF Jr, Kardinal CG, Maksymiuk AW, Ebbert LP, Tazelaar HD, Witrak GA. A phase III trial of mitomycin C alone versus mitomycin C, vinblastine, and cisplatin for metastatic squamous cell lung carcinoma. Cancer. 1992 Nov 1;70(9):2281-7. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  4. Smith IE, O'Brien ME, Talbot DC, Nicolson MC, Mansi JL, Hickish TF, Norton A, Ashley S. Duration of chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized trial of three versus six courses of mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 1;19(5):1336-43. link to original article PubMed
  5. Danson S, Middleton MR, O'Byrne KJ, Clemons M, Ranson M, Hassan J, Anderson H, Burt PA, Fairve-Finn C, Stout R, Dowd I, Ashcroft L, Beresford C, Thatcher N. Phase III trial of gemcitabine and carboplatin versus mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin or mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer. 2003 Aug 1;98(3):542-53. link to original article PubMed
  6. BTOG1: Booton R, Lorigan P, Anderson H, Baka S, Ashcroft L, Nicolson M, O'Brien M, Dunlop D, O'Byrne K, Laurence V, Snee M, Dark G, Thatcher N. A phase III trial of docetaxel/carboplatin versus mitomycin C/ifosfamide/cisplatin (MIC) or mitomycin C/vinblastine/cisplatin (MVP) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised multicentre trial of the British Thoracic Oncology Group (BTOG1). Ann Oncol. 2006 Jul;17(7):1111-9. Epub 2006 Apr 7. link to original article PubMed

MVP (Vindesine)

MVP: Mitomycin, Vindesine, Platinol (Cisplatin)
PVM: Platinol (Cisplatin), Vindesine, Mitomycin

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
González Barón et al. 1994 1989-1992 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) MIP Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR
Gridelli et al. 1996 1990-1994 Phase 3 (C) MEV Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR
Jelić et al. 2001 1990-1996 Phase 3 (C) MVC Inferior OS
Boni et al. 1998 1992-1996 Phase 3 (C) MVP; CI Did not meet endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for up to 6 cycles

References

  1. González Barón M, Feliu J, Espinosa E, García Girón C, Blanco E, Garrido P, Colmenarejo A, Ordóñez A, Moyano A, de la Gándara I, Zamora P; ONCOPAZ Cooperative Group. Comparison of two chemotherapeutic regimens--mitomycin + vindesine + cisplatin (MVP) vs mitomycin + ifosfamide + cisplatin (MIP)--in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 1994 Apr;5(4):323-7. link to original article PubMed
  2. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Palmeri S, D'Aprile M, Cognetti F, Rossi A, Gebbia V, Pepe R, Veltri E, Airoma G, Russo A, Incoronato P, Scinto AF, Palazzolo G, Natali M, Leonardi V, Gallo C, De Placido S, Bianco AR; GOSCI. Mitomycin C plus vindesine plus etoposide (MEV) versus mitomycin C plus vindesine plus cisplatin (MVP) in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase III multicentre randomised trial. Ann Oncol. 1996 Oct;7(8):821-6. link to original article PubMed
  3. Boni C, Savoldi L, Bisagni G, Ceci G, Crinò L, De Lisi V, Di Costanzo F, Lasagni L, Manenti AL, Moretti G, Rondini E, Sassi M, Zadro A; GOIRC. Bolus versus 5-day continuous infusion of cisplatin with mitomycin and vindesine in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase III prospective randomised trial of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC). Eur J Cancer. 1998 Nov;34(12):1974-6. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  4. Jelić S, Mitrović L, Radosavljević D, Elezar E, Babović N, Kovcin V, Tomasević Z, Kovacević S, Gavrilović D, Radulović S. Survival advantage for carboplatin substituting cisplatin in combination with vindesine and mitomycin C for stage IIIB and IV squamous-cell bronchogenic carcinoma: a randomized phase III study. Lung Cancer. 2001 Oct;34(1):1-13. link to original article PubMed

Paclitaxel monotherapy

Regimen variant #1, 100 mg/m2, 3 out of 4 weeks

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Comella et al. 2004 (SICOG 9909) 1999-2003 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. Gemcitabine Not reported
2. GT
3. GV 		Seems to have inferior OS (primary endpoint)

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for up to 6 cycles


Regimen variant #2, 200 mg/m2 q3wk

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Ranson et al. 2000 1995-1997 Phase 3 (E-esc) Best supportive care Seems to have superior OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Ranson M, Davidson N, Nicolson M, Falk S, Carmichael J, Lopez P, Anderson H, Gustafson N, Jeynes A, Gallant G, Washington T, Thatcher N. Randomized trial of paclitaxel plus supportive care versus supportive care for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Jul 5;92(13):1074-80. link to original article PubMed
  2. SICOG 9909: Comella P, Frasci G, Carnicelli P, Massidda B, Buzzi F, Filippelli G, Maiorino L, Guida M, Panza N, Mancarella S, Cioffi R. Gemcitabine with either paclitaxel or vinorelbine vs paclitaxel or gemcitabine alone for elderly or unfit advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2004 Aug 2;91(3):489-97. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed

Vindesine monotherapy

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Einhorn et al. 1986 1982-1984 Phase 3 (C) 1. Cisplatin & Vindesine
2. MVP 		Did not meet endpoint of OS
Furuse et al. 1996 1991-1993 Phase 3 (C) Vinorelbine Inferior ORR

Chemotherapy

  • Vindesine (Eldisine) as follows:
    • Cycle 1: 3 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1, 8, 15, 22
    • Cycle 2 onwards: 3 mg/m2 IV once per day on days 1 & 15

28-day cycles

References

  1. Einhorn LH, Loehrer PJ, Williams SD, Meyers S, Gabrys T, Nattan SR, Woodburn R, Drasga R, Songer J, Fisher W, Stephens D, Hui S. Random prospective study of vindesine versus vindesine plus high-dose cisplatin versus vindesine plus cisplatin plus mitomycin C in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1986 Jul;4(7):1037-43. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  2. Furuse K, Fukuoka M, Kuba M, Yamori S, Nakai Y, Negoro S, Katagami N, Takada Y, Kinuwaki E, Kawahara M, Kubota K, Sakuma A, Niitani H; Japan Vinorelbine Lung Cancer Cooperative Study Group. Randomized study of vinorelbine (VRB) versus vindesine (VDS) in previously untreated stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol. 1996 Oct;7(8):815-20. link to original article PubMed

Vinorelbine monotherapy

Regimen variant #1, 25 mg/m2/week

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Furuse et al. 1996 1991-1993 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) Vindesine Superior ORR

Chemotherapy

7-day cycles


Regimen variant #2, 30 mg/m2/week

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Depierre et al. 1994 1989-1991 Phase 3 (C) CVb Inferior TTP
Le Chevalier et al. 1994 1989-1991 Phase 3 (E-de-esc) 1. Cisplatin & Vindesine Not reported
2. CVb Inferior OS
Crawford et al. 1996 1990-1992 Randomized (E-RT-switch-ic) FULV Seems to have superior OS

Chemotherapy

7-day cycles


Regimen variant #3, 30 mg/m2, 2 out of 3 weeks

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Frasci et al. 2001 NR Phase 3 (C) Gemcitabine & Vinorelbine Inferior OS

Note: To our knowledge, this regimen variant was not tested as an experimental arm in an RCT in this context, prior to becoming a standard comparator arm.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Depierre A, Chastang C, Quoix E, Lebeau B, Blanchon F, Paillot N, Lemarie E, Milleron B, Moro D, Clavier J, Herman D, Tuchais E, Jacoulet P, Brechot JM, Cordier JF, Solal-Celigny P, Badri N, Besenval M. Vinorelbine versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial. Ann Oncol. 1994 Jan;5(1):37-42. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  2. Le Chevalier T, Brisgand D, Douillard JY, Pujol JL, Alberola V, Monnier A, Riviere A, Lianes P, Chomy P, Cigolari S, Gottfried M, Ruffle P, Panizo A, Gaspard MH, Ravaioli A, Besenval M, Besson F, Martinez A, Berthaud P, Tursz T. Randomized study of vinorelbine and cisplatin versus vindesine and cisplatin versus vinorelbine alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a European multicenter trial including 612 patients. J Clin Oncol. 1994 Feb;12(2):360-7. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  3. Crawford J, O'Rourke M, Schiller JH, Spiridonidis CH, Yanovich S, Ozer H, Langleben A, Hutchins L, Koletsky A, Clamon G, Burman S, White R, Hohneker J. Randomized trial of vinorelbine compared with fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Oct;14(10):2774-84. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol 1996 Dec;14(12):3175. Spiridonitis CH [corrected to Spiridonidis CH]. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  4. Furuse K, Fukuoka M, Kuba M, Yamori S, Nakai Y, Negoro S, Katagami N, Takada Y, Kinuwaki E, Kawahara M, Kubota K, Sakuma A, Niitani H; Japan Vinorelbine Lung Cancer Cooperative Study Group. Randomized study of vinorelbine (VRB) versus vindesine (VDS) in previously untreated stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol. 1996 Oct;7(8):815-20. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed
  5. Frasci G, Lorusso V, Panza N, Comella P, Nicolella G, Bianco A, DeCataldis G, Belli M, Iannelli N, Massidda B, Mascia V, Comella G, De Lena M; Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group. Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine yields better survival outcome than vinorelbine alone in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group (SICOG) phase III trial. Lung Cancer. 2001 Dec;34 Suppl 4:S65-9. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

VeIP

VeIP: Velban (Vinblastine), Ifosfamide, Platinol (Cisplatin)
VIP: Vinblastine, Ifosfamide, Platinol (Cisplatin)

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kosmidis et al. 1996a 1992-1994 Phase 3 (C) VIP-16 Did not meet primary endpoint of ORR

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Kosmidis P, Mylonakis N, Fountzilas G, Pavlidis N, Samantas E, Karabelis A, Kattis K, Skarlos D; HeCOG. A prospective randomized phase III study in non-small-cell lung cancer comparing cisplatin, ifosfamide, vinblastine (VIP) versus cisplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide (VIP-16). Ann Oncol. 1996 Jul;7(5):517-20. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed

Maintenance after first-line therapy

Erlotinib monotherapy

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Cappuzzo et al. 2010 (SATURN) 2005-2008 Phase 3 (E-RT-esc) Placebo Superior PFS (co-primary endpoint)
Median PFS: 12.3 vs 11.1 weeks
(HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.82)
Pérol et al. 2012 (IFCT-GFPC 0502) 2006-2009 Phase 3 (E-esc) 1. Gemcitabine Not reported
2. Observation Superior PFS (primary endpoint)
Median PFS: 2.9 vs 1.9 mo
(HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.88)
Cicènas et al. 2016 (IUNO) 2011-2014 Phase 3 (E-RT-switch-ic) See link See link

Note: while SATURN was technically a positive study for erlotinib, the median PFS gain was 1.2 weeks. This study was the basis of an FDA approval in 2010, which was later revised after the results of IUNO became available. The trials included here did not require EGFR mutation as a condition for enrollment.

Preceding treatment

Targeted therapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. SATURN: Cappuzzo F, Ciuleanu T, Stelmakh L, Cicenas S, Szczésna A, Juhász E, Esteban E, Molinier O, Brugger W, Melezínek I, Klingelschmitt G, Klughammer B, Giaccone G; SATURN investigators. Erlotinib as maintenance treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jun;11(6):521-9. Epub 2010 May 20. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed NCT00556712
  2. IFCT-GFPC 0502: Pérol M, Chouaid C, Pérol D, Barlési F, Gervais R, Westeel V, Crequit J, Léna H, Vergnenègre A, Zalcman G, Monnet I, Le Caer H, Fournel P, Falchero L, Poudenx M, Vaylet F, Ségura-Ferlay C, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Taron M, Milleron B. Randomized, phase III study of gemcitabine or erlotinib maintenance therapy versus observation, with predefined second-line treatment, after cisplatin-gemcitabine induction chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 1;30(28):3516-24. Epub 2012 Sep 4. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00300586
  3. IUNO: Cicènas S, Geater SL, Petrov P, Hotko Y, Hooper G, Xia F, Mudie N, Wu YL. Maintenance erlotinib versus erlotinib at disease progression in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who have not progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy (IUNO study). Lung Cancer. 2016 Dec;102:30-37. Epub 2016 Oct 20. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT01328951

Advanced or metastatic disease, subsequent lines of therapy

Erlotinib monotherapy

Regimen

Study Dates of enrollment Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Shepherd et al. 2005 (NCIC-CTG BR.21) 2001-2003 Phase 3 (E-RT-esc) Placebo Superior OS (primary endpoint)
Median OS: 6.7 vs 4.7 mo
(aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58-0.85)
Herbst et al. 2011 (BeTa) 2005-2008 Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib & Bevacizumab Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Natale et al. 2011 (ZEST) 2006-10 to 2007-11 Phase 3 (C) Vandetanib Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
Ciuleanu et al. 2012 (TITAN) 2006-2010 Phase 3 (E-switch-ooc) Investigator's choice of:
1a. Docetaxel
1b. Pemetrexed 		Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Karampeazis et al. 2013 (CT/06.05) 2006-2010 Phase 3 (E-switch-ooc) Pemetrexed Did not meet primary endpoint of TTP
Scagliotti et al. 2012 (SUN 1087) 2007-2009 Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib & Sunitinib Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Garassino et al. 2013 (TAILORNSCLC) 2007-2012 Phase 3 (E-switch-ooc) Docetaxel Seems to have inferior OS (primary endpoint)
Median OS: 5.4 vs 8.2 mo
(aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.00-1.89)
Ramalingam et al. 2012 (A7471028) 2008-2009 Randomized Phase 2 (C) Dacomitinib Seems to have inferior PFS
Scagliotti et al. 2015 (ADVIGO 1018) 2008-2010 Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib & Figitumumab Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Kawaguchi et al. 2014 (DELTANSCLC) 2009-2012 Phase 3 (E-switch-ooc) Docetaxel Might have inferior PFS (primary endpoint)
Urata et al. 2016 (WJOG 5108L) 2009-2012 Phase 3 (C) Gefitinib Inconclusive whether non-inferior PFS
Smit et al. 2016 (CurrentS) 2010-NR Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib; high-dose Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
Wang et al. 2017a 2010-2014 Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib, Bevacizumab, Panitumumab Seems to have inferior OS
Scagliotti et al. 2015 (MARQUEE) 2011-01 to 2012-07 Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib & Tivantinib Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Yoshioka et al. 2015 (ATTENTION) 2011-08 to 2012-10 Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib & Tivantinib Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Ramalingam et al. 2014 (ARCHER 1009) 2011-2013 Phase 3 (C) Dacomitinib Did not meet primary endpoint of PFS
Cicènas et al. 2016 (IUNO) 2011-2014 Phase 3 (E-switch-ic) See link See link
Gridelli et al. 2018 (AvaALL) 2011-2015 Phase 3 (C) Investigator's choice of:
1a. Docetaxel & Bevacizumab
1b. Erlotinib & Bevacizumab
1c. Pemetrexed & Bevacizumab 		Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Spigel et al. 2016 (METLung) 2012-01 to 2013-08 Phase 3 (C) Erlotinib & Onartuzumab Might have superior OS
Soria et al. 2015 (LUX-Lung 8) 2012-2014 Phase 3 (C) Afatinib Seems to have inferior OS1
Neal et al. 2016 (ECOG-ACRIN 1512) 2013-2014 Randomized Phase 2 (C) 1. Cabozantinib Inferior PFS
2. Cabozantinib & Erlotinib Inferior PFS
Goldman et al. 2020 (JUNIPER) 2014-2017 Phase 3 (C) Abemaciclib Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

1Reported efficacy is based on the 2021 update.
Note: the trials included here did not require EGFR mutation as a condition for enrollment. Given the FDA limitation on use in this setting issued in 2016, these regimens have been moved to the historical page. Note that there is another trial named TAILOR in colorectal cancer and another trial named DELTA in indolent lymphoma.

Biomarker eligibility criteria

  • JUNIPER: KRAS G12 or G13 mutation

Targeted therapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. NCIC-CTG BR.21: Shepherd FA, Rodrigues Pereira J, Ciuleanu T, Tan EH, Hirsh V, Thongprasert S, Campos D, Maoleekoonpiroj S, Smylie M, Martins R, van Kooten M, Dediu M, Findlay B, Tu D, Johnston D, Bezjak A, Clark G, Santabárbara P, Seymour L; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 14;353(2):123-32. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed NCT00036647
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    1. Dataset: Project Data Sphere
  3. BeTa: Herbst RS, Ansari R, Bustin F, Flynn P, Hart L, Otterson GA, Vlahovic G, Soh CH, O'Connor P, Hainsworth J. Efficacy of bevacizumab plus erlotinib versus erlotinib alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer after failure of standard first-line chemotherapy (BeTa): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011 May 28;377(9780):1846-54. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed NCT00130728
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  5. SUN 1087: Scagliotti GV, Krzakowski M, Szczesna A, Strausz J, Makhson A, Reck M, Wierzbicki RF, Albert I, Thomas M, Miziara JE, Papai ZS, Karaseva N, Thongprasert S, Portulas ED, von Pawel J, Zhang K, Selaru P, Tye L, Chao RC, Govindan R. Sunitinib plus erlotinib versus placebo plus erlotinib in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jun 10;30(17):2070-8. Epub 2012 May 7. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed NCT00457392
  6. A7471028: Ramalingam SS, Blackhall F, Krzakowski M, Barrios CH, Park K, Bover I, Seog Heo D, Rosell R, Talbot DC, Frank R, Letrent SP, Ruiz-Garcia A, Taylor I, Liang JQ, Campbell AK, O'Connell J, Boyer M. Randomized phase II study of dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, versus erlotinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Sep 20;30(27):3337-44. Epub 2012 Jul 2. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed NCT00769067
  7. CT/06.05: Karampeazis A, Voutsina A, Souglakos J, Kentepozidis N, Giassas S, Christofillakis C, Kotsakis A, Papakotoulas P, Rapti A, Agelidou M, Agelaki S, Vamvakas L, Samonis G, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V; Hellenic Oncology Research Group. Pemetrexed versus erlotinib in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) randomized phase 3 study. Cancer. 2013 Aug 1;119(15):2754-64. Epub 2013 May 9. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00440414
  8. TAILORNSCLC: Garassino MC, Martelli O, Broggini M, Farina G, Veronese S, Rulli E, Bianchi F, Bettini A, Longo F, Moscetti L, Tomirotti M, Marabese M, Ganzinelli M, Lauricella C, Labianca R, Floriani I, Giaccone G, Torri V, Scanni A, Marsoni S; TAILOR trialists. Erlotinib versus docetaxel as second-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and wild-type EGFR tumours (TAILOR): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Sep;14(10):981-8. Epub 2013 Jul 22. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT00637910
  9. DELTANSCLC: Kawaguchi T, Ando M, Asami K, Okano Y, Fukuda M, Nakagawa H, Ibata H, Kozuki T, Endo T, Tamura A, Kamimura M, Sakamoto K, Yoshimi M, Soejima Y, Tomizawa Y, Isa S, Takada M, Saka H, Kubo A. Randomized phase III trial of erlotinib versus docetaxel as second- or third-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Docetaxel and Erlotinib Lung Cancer Trial (DELTA). J Clin Oncol. 2014 Jun 20;32(18):1902-8. Epub 2014 May 19. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed
  10. ARCHER 1009: Ramalingam SS, Jänne PA, Mok T, O'Byrne K, Boyer MJ, Von Pawel J, Pluzanski A, Shtivelband M, Docampo LI, Bennouna J, Zhang H, Liang JQ, Doherty JP, Taylor I, Mather CB, Goldberg Z, O'Connell J, Paz-Ares L. Dacomitinib versus erlotinib in patients with advanced-stage, previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (ARCHER 1009): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Nov;15(12):1369-78. Epub 2014 Oct 15.link to original article PubMed NCT01360554
  11. ADVIGO 1018: Scagliotti GV, Bondarenko I, Blackhall F, Barlesi F, Hsia TC, Jassem J, Milanowski J, Popat S, Sanchez-Torres JM, Novello S, Benner RJ, Green S, Molpus K, Soria JC, Shepherd FA. Randomized, phase III trial of figitumumab in combination with erlotinib versus erlotinib alone in patients with nonadenocarcinoma nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2015 Mar;26(3):497-504. Epub 2014 Nov 13. link to original article PubMed NCT00673049
  12. LUX-Lung 8: Soria JC, Felip E, Cobo M, Lu S, Syrigos K, Lee KH, Göker E, Georgoulias V, Li W, Isla D, Guclu SZ, Morabito A, Min YJ, Ardizzoni A, Gadgeel SM, Wang B, Chand VK, Goss GD; LUX-Lung 8 Investigators. Afatinib versus erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LUX-Lung 8): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):897-907. Epub 2015 Jul 5. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed NCT01523587
    1. PRO analysis: Felip E, Hirsh V, Popat S, Cobo M, Fülöp A, Dayen C, Trigo JM, Gregg R, Waller CF, Soria JC, Goss GD, Gordon J, Wang B, Palmer M, Ehrnrooth E, Gadgeel SM. Symptom and Quality of Life Improvement in LUX-Lung 8, an Open-Label Phase III Study of Second-Line Afatinib Versus Erlotinib in Patients With Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung After First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Clin Lung Cancer. 2018 Jan;19(1):74-83.e11. Epub 2017 Jun 23. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Goss GD, Cobo M, Lu S, Syrigos K, Lee KH, Göker E, Georgoulias V, Isla D, Morabito A, Min YJ, Ardizzoni A, Bender S, Cseh A, Felip E. Afatinib versus erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: Final analysis of the randomised phase 3 LUX-Lung 8 trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Jun 18;37:100940. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  13. ATTENTION: Yoshioka H, Azuma K, Yamamoto N, Takahashi T, Nishio M, Katakami N, Ahn MJ, Hirashima T, Maemondo M, Kim SW, Kurosaki M, Akinaga S, Park K, Tsai CM, Tamura T, Mitsudomi T, Nakagawa K. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of erlotinib with or without a c-Met inhibitor tivantinib (ARQ 197) in Asian patients with previously treated stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer harboring wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (ATTENTION study). Ann Oncol. 2015 Oct;26(10):2066-72. Epub 2015 Jul 7. link to original article PubMed NCT01377376
  14. MARQUEE: Scagliotti G, von Pawel J, Novello S, Ramlau R, Favaretto A, Barlesi F, Akerley W, Orlov S, Santoro A, Spigel D, Hirsh V, Shepherd FA, Sequist LV, Sandler A, Ross JS, Wang Q, von Roemeling R, Shuster D, Schwartz B. Phase III multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tivantinib (ARQ 197) plus erlotinib versus erlotinib alone in previously treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2667-74. Epub 2015 Jul 13. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract PubMed NCT01244191
  15. WJOG 5108L: Urata Y, Katakami N, Morita S, Kaji R, Yoshioka H, Seto T, Satouchi M, Iwamoto Y, Kanehara M, Fujimoto D, Ikeda N, Murakami H, Daga H, Oguri T, Goto I, Imamura F, Sugawara S, Saka H, Nogami N, Negoro S, Nakagawa K, Nakanishi Y. Randomized phase III study comparing gefitinib with erlotinib in patients with previously treated advanced lung adenocarcinoma: WJOG 5108L. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Sep 20;34(27):3248-57. Epub 2016 Mar 28. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed UMIN000002014
  16. CurrentS: Smit EF, Wu YL, Gervais R, Zhou C, Felip E, Feng J, Guclu SZ, Hoiczyk M, Dorokhova E, Freudensprung U, Grange S, Perez-Moreno PD, Mitchell L, Reck M. A randomized, double-blind, phase III study comparing two doses of erlotinib for second-line treatment of current smokers with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CurrentS). Lung Cancer. 2016 Sep;99:94-101. Epub 2016 Jun 27. link to original article PubMed NCT01183858
  17. IUNO: Cicènas S, Geater SL, Petrov P, Hotko Y, Hooper G, Xia F, Mudie N, Wu YL. Maintenance erlotinib versus erlotinib at disease progression in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who have not progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy (IUNO study). Lung Cancer. 2016 Dec;102:30-37. Epub 2016 Oct 20. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT01328951
  18. ECOG-ACRIN 1512: Neal JW, Dahlberg SE, Wakelee HA, Aisner SC, Bowden M, Huang Y, Carbone DP, Gerstner GJ, Lerner RE, Rubin JL, Owonikoko TK, Stella PJ, Steen PD, Khalid AA, Ramalingam SS; ECOG-ACRIN. Erlotinib, cabozantinib, or erlotinib plus cabozantinib as second-line or third-line treatment of patients with EGFR wild-type advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (ECOG-ACRIN 1512): a randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Dec;17(12):1661-1671. Epub 2016 Nov 4. link to original article contains dosing details in abstract link to PMC article PubMed NCT01708954
  19. METLung: Spigel DR, Edelman MJ, O'Byrne K, Paz-Ares L, Mocci S, Phan S, Shames DS, Smith D, Yu W, Paton VE, Mok T. Results from the phase III randomized trial of onartuzumab plus erlotinib versus erlotinib in previously treated stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer: METLung. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb;35(4):412-420. Epub 2016 Dec 12. link to original article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT01456325
  20. Wang Y, Wang H, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X. A randomized phase III study of combining erlotinib with bevacizumab and panitumumab versus erlotinib alone as second-line therapy for Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 May;89:875-879. Epub 2017 Mar 6. link to original article PubMed
  21. AvaALL: Gridelli C, de Castro Carpeno J, Dingemans AC, Griesinger F, Grossi F, Langer C, Ohe Y, Syrigos K, Thatcher N, Das-Gupta A, Truman M, Donica M, Smoljanovic V, Bennouna J. Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab Plus Standard-of-Care Treatment Beyond Disease Progression in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The AvaALL Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):e183486. Epub 2018 Dec 13. Erratum in: JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):1792. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in supplement PubMed NCT01351415
  22. JUNIPER: Goldman JW, Mazieres J, Barlesi F, Dragnev KH, Koczywas M, Göskel T, Cortot AB, Girard N, Wesseler C, Bischoff H, Nadal E, Park K, Lu S, Taus A, Cobo M, Estrem ST, Wijayawardana SR, Turner K, Oakley GJ 3rd, Hurt KC, Chiang AY, Hossain AM, John WJ, Paz-Ares L. A Randomized Phase III Study of Abemaciclib Versus Erlotinib in Patients with Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With a Detectable KRAS Mutation Who Failed Prior Platinum-Based Therapy: JUNIPER. Front Oncol. 2020 Oct 26;10:578756. link to original article link to PMC article contains dosing details in manuscript PubMed NCT02152631
  23. WJOG5108LFS: Katakami N, Yokoyama T, Morita S, Okamoto T, Urata Y, Hattori Y, Iwamoto Y, Sato Y, Ikeda N, Takahashi T, Daga H, Oguri T, Fujisaka Y, Nishino K, Sugawara S, Kozuki T, Oki M, Yamamoto N, Nakagawa K. Overall survival analysis of patients enrolled in a randomized phase III trial comparing gefitinib and erlotinib for previously treated advanced lung adenocarcinoma (WJOG5108LFS). Int J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan;28(1):79-88. Epub 2022 Nov 21. link to original article PubMed UMIN000002014
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