Difference between revisions of "B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia - historical"
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|[https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.3.911 Veerman et al. 1996 (DCOG ALL-VI)] | |[https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.3.911 Veerman et al. 1996 (DCOG ALL-VI)] | ||
− | | | + | |1984-1988 |
| style="background-color:#91cf61" |Non-randomized | | style="background-color:#91cf61" |Non-randomized | ||
| style="background-color:#d3d3d3" | | | style="background-color:#d3d3d3" | | ||
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|[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922)] | |[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922)] | ||
− | | | + | |1993-1995 |
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (E-switch-ic) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (E-switch-ic) | ||
|[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Prednisone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone]] | |[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Prednisone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97)] | |[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97)] | ||
− | | | + | |1997-2002 |
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (E-switch-ic) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (E-switch-ic) | ||
|[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Prednisolone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone]] | |[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Prednisolone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone]] | ||
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===Regimen {{#subobject:4af0d5|Variant=1}}=== | ===Regimen {{#subobject:4af0d5|Variant=1}}=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;" | ||
− | !style="width: | + | !style="width: 20%"|Study |
− | !style="width: | + | !style="width: 20%"|Years of enrollment |
− | !style="width: | + | !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Evidence|Evidence]] |
− | !style="width: | + | !style="width: 20%"|Comparator |
+ | !style="width: 20%"|[[Levels_of_Evidence#Comparative_efficacy|Comparative Efficacy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[https://www.nature.com/articles/2401704 Hann et al. 2000 (MRC UKALL XI)] | |[https://www.nature.com/articles/2401704 Hann et al. 2000 (MRC UKALL XI)] | ||
+ | |1990-1997 | ||
| style="background-color:#91cf61" |Non-randomized portion of RCT | | style="background-color:#91cf61" |Non-randomized portion of RCT | ||
| style="background-color:#d3d3d3" | | | style="background-color:#d3d3d3" | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97)] | |[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05509.x/full Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97)] | ||
+ | |1997-2002 | ||
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | ||
|[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Dexamethasone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone]] | |[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Dexamethasone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone]] | ||
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|[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/64/1/267.long Gottlieb et al. 1984 (CALGB 7612)] | |[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/64/1/267.long Gottlieb et al. 1984 (CALGB 7612)] | ||
− | | | + | |1976-1980 |
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Randomized (C) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Randomized (C) | ||
|[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | |[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | ||
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|[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2665546 van der Does-van den Berg et al. 1989 (DCLSG ALL V)] | |[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2665546 van der Does-van den Berg et al. 1989 (DCLSG ALL V)] | ||
− | | | + | |1979-1982 |
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | ||
|[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | |[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04415.x Eden et al. 1991 (MRC UKALL VIII)] | |[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04415.x Eden et al. 1991 (MRC UKALL VIII)] | ||
− | | | + | |1979-1982 |
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | ||
|[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | |[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | ||
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|[https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.3.527 Tubergen et al. 1993 (CCG-105)] | |[https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.3.527 Tubergen et al. 1993 (CCG-105)] | ||
− | | | + | |1983-1989 |
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | ||
|[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | |[[B-cell_acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia#DOLP|DOLP]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922)] | |[http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/101/10/3809.long Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922)] | ||
− | | | + | |1993-1995 |
|style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | |style="background-color:#1a9851"|Phase III (C) | ||
|[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Dexamethasone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone]] | |[[#L-Asparaginase.2C_Vincristine.2C_Dexamethasone|L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone]] |
Revision as of 14:37, 18 September 2020
The purpose of this page is to provide references to regimens that are obsolete, outdated, or of historical interest only. As a general rule, this includes the inferior arm(s) of a randomized study, unless said regimens continue to be recommended by trustworthy sources such as the NCCN Guidelines. Is there a regimen missing from this list? See the main B-ALL page for current regimens.
11 regimens on this page
13 variants on this page
|
Upfront induction therapy
Aminopterin monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Farber et al. 1948 | Non-randomized pilot |
Of major historical interest, being one of the first published cancer chemotherapy experiments in man that led to an active non-clinical-trial intervention (to be distinguished from the trial of diopterin and teropterin published in Science in 1947). This agent is no longer available but was used clinically for several decades.
Chemotherapy
References
- Farber S, Mercer RD, Sylvester RF, Wolff JA, Diamond LK. Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid. N Engl J Med. 1948 Jun 3;238(23):787-93. link to original article PubMed
COMP
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COMP: Cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (Vincristine), Methotrexate, Prednisone
Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Anderson et al. 1983 | Phase III (E-de-esc) | Modified LSA2-L2 | Seems not superior |
Chemotherapy
References
- Anderson JR, Wilson JF, Jenkin DT, Meadows AT, Kersey J, Chilcote RR, Coccia P, Exelby P, Kushner J, Siegel S, Hammond D. Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the results of a randomized therapeutic trial comparing a 4-drug regimen (COMP) with a 10-drug regimen (LSA2-L2). N Engl J Med. 1983 Mar 10;308(10):559-65. link to original article PubMed
Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence |
---|---|---|
Takeuchi et al. 2002 (JALSG-ALL93) | 1993-1997 | Non-randomized |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- L-Asparaginase
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Prednisolone (Millipred)
References
- JALSG-ALL93: Takeuchi J, Kyo T, Naito K, Sao H, Takahashi M, Miyawaki S, Kuriyama K, Ohtake S, Yagasaki F, Murakami H, Asou N, Ino T, Okamoto T, Usui N, Nishimura M, Shinagawa K, Fukushima T, Taguchi H, Morii T, Mizuta S, Akiyama H, Nakamura Y, Ohshima T, Ohno R. Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study. Leukemia. 2002 Jul;16(7):1259-66. link to original article PubMed
Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Pieters et al. 2007 (Interfant-99) | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Preceding treatment
- Prednisone pre-phase
Chemotherapy
- Cytarabine (Ara-C)
- Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
- Asparaginase (Elspar)
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Subsequent treatment
- MARAM consolidation
References
- Interfant-99: Pieters R, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, Hann I, De Rossi G, Felice M, Hovi L, LeBlanc T, Szczepanski T, Ferster A, Janka G, Rubnitz J, Silverman L, Stary J, Campbell M, Li CK, Mann G, Suppiah R, Biondi A, Vora A, Valsecchi MG. A treatment protocol for infants younger than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Interfant-99): an observational study and a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul 21;370(9583):240-250. link to original article PubMed
Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Rivera et al. 1991 | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Evans et al. 1998 | Non-randomized portion of RCT |
Chemotherapy
- Cytarabine (Ara-C)
- Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
- Asparaginase (Elspar)
- Teniposide (Vumon)
- Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Prednisone (Sterapred)
Subsequent treatment
- High-dose MTX
References
- Rivera GK, Raimondi SC, Hancock ML, Behm FG, Pui CH, Abromowitch M, Mirro J Jr, Ochs JS, Look AT, Williams DL, Murphy SB, Dahl GV, Kalwinsky DK, Evans WE, Kun LE, Simone JV, Crist WM. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with reinforced early treatment and rotational combination chemotherapy. Lancet. 1991 Jan 12;337(8733):61-6. link to original article PubMed
- Evans WE, Relling MV, Rodman JH, Crom WR, Boyett JM, Pui CH. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 19;338(8):499-505. link to original article PubMed
Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Clavell et al. 1986 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Clavell LA, Gelber RD, Cohen HJ, Hitchcock-Bryan S, Cassady JR, Tarbell NJ, Blattner SR, Tantravahi R, Leavitt P, Sallan SE. Four-agent induction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1986 Sep 11;315(11):657-63. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Veerman et al. 1996 (DCOG ALL-VI) | 1984-1988 | Non-randomized | ||
Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922) | 1993-1995 | Phase III (E-switch-ic) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone | Superior EFS |
Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97) | 1997-2002 | Phase III (E-switch-ic) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone | Superior EFS |
Veerman et al. 2009 (DCOG ALL-9) | 1997-2004 | Non-randomized |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- DCOG ALL-VI: Veerman AJ, Hählen K, Kamps WA, Van Leeuwen EF, De Vaan GA, Solbu G, Suciu S, Van Wering ER, Van der Does-Van der Berg A; Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. High cure rate with a moderately intensive treatment regimen in non-high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of protocol ALL VI from the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Mar;14(3):911-8. link to original article PubMed
- CCG-1922: Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. link to original article PubMed
- UK MRC ALL97: Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. link to original article PubMed
- Update: Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. link to original article PubMed
- DCOG ALL-9: Veerman AJ, Kamps WA, van den Berg H, van den Berg E, Bökkerink JP, Bruin MC, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Korbijn CM, Korthof ET, van der Pal K, Stijnen T, van Weel Sipman MH, van Weerden JF, van Wering ER, van der Does-van den Berg A; Dutch Childhood Oncology Group. Dexamethasone-based therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the prospective Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG) protocol ALL-9 (1997-2004). Lancet Oncol. 2009 Oct;10(10):957-66. Epub 2009 Sep 9. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisolone
back to top |
Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hann et al. 2000 (MRC UKALL XI) | 1990-1997 | Non-randomized portion of RCT | ||
Mitchell et al. 2005 (UK MRC ALL97) | 1997-2002 | Phase III (C) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone | Inferior EFS |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- MRC UKALL XI: Hann I, Vora A, Richards S, Hill F, Gibson B, Lilleyman J, Kinsey S, Mitchell C, Eden OB; UK Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Benefit of intensified treatment for all children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from MRC UKALL XI and MRC ALL97 randomised trials. Leukemia. 2000 Mar;14(3):356-63. link to original article PubMed
- UK MRC ALL97: Mitchell CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):734-45. link to original article PubMed
- Update: Vora A, Mitchell CD, Lennard L, Eden TO, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Richards SM; Medical Research Council; National Cancer Research Network Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Toxicity and efficacy of 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1339-48. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Years of enrollment | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ortega et al. 1977 (CCG 101/143) | 1971-NR | Non-randomized (RT) | ||
Henderson et al. 1979 (CALGB 7113) | 1971-1976 | Non-randomized | ||
Gottlieb et al. 1984 (CALGB 7612) | 1976-1980 | Randomized (C) | DOLP | Inferior CR rate |
van der Does-van den Berg et al. 1989 (DCLSG ALL V) | 1979-1982 | Phase III (C) | DOLP | Seems not superior |
Eden et al. 1991 (MRC UKALL VIII) | 1979-1982 | Phase III (C) | DOLP | Seems not superior |
Tubergen et al. 1993 (CCG-105) | 1983-1989 | Phase III (C) | DOLP | Not reported |
Bostrom et al. 2003 (CCG-1922) | 1993-1995 | Phase III (C) | L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Dexamethasone | Inferior EFS |
Unlikely to be completed, here for historic context only.
Chemotherapy
References
- CCG 101/143: Ortega JA, Nesbit ME Jr, Donaldson MH, Hittle RE, Weiner J, Karon M, Hammond D. L-Asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone for induction of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res. 1977 Feb;37(2):535-40. link to original article PubMed
- CALGB 7113: Henderson ES, Scharlau C, Cooper MR, Haurani FI, Silver RT, Brunner K, Carey RW, Falkson G, Blom J, Nawabi IV, Levine AS, Bank A, Cuttner J, Cornwell GG 3rd, Henry P, Nissen NI, Wiernik PH, Leone L, Wohl H, Rai K, James GW, Weinberg V, Glidewell O, Holland JF. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: results of CALGB protocol 7113. Leuk Res. 1979;3(6):395-407. link to original article PubMed
- CALGB 7612: Gottlieb AJ, Weinberg V, Ellison RR, Henderson ES, Terebelo H, Rafla S, Cuttner J, Silver RT, Carey RW, Levy RN, Hutchinson JL, Raich P, Cooper MR, Wiernik P, Anderson JR, Holland JF. Efficacy of daunorubicin in the therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized trial by Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Blood. 1984 Jul;64(1):267-74. link to original article PubMed
- DCLSG ALL V: van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, van 't Veer MB, Rammeloo JA, de Koning J, van Zanen GE; Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. Effectiveness of rubidomycin in induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase for standard risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Dutch phase III study (ALL V); A report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1989 Summer;11(2):125-33. PubMed
- MRC UKALL VIII: Eden OB, Lilleyman JS, Richards S, Shaw MP, Peto J. Results of Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Trial UKALL VIII (report to the Medical Research Council on behalf of the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood). Br J Haematol. 1991 Jun;78(2):187-96. link to original article PubMed
- CCG-105: Tubergen DG, Gilchrist GS, O'Brien RT, Coccia PF, Sather HN, Waskerwitz MJ, Hammond GD. Improved outcome with delayed intensification for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and intermediate presenting features: a Childrens Cancer Group phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Mar;11(3):527-37. link to original article PubMed
- CCG-1922: Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K, Erdmann GR, Gold S, Heerema NA, Hutchinson RJ, Provisor AJ, Trigg ME; Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):3809-17. Epub 2003 Jan 16. link to original article PubMed
Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Frei et al. 1958 (ALGB 01) | Randomized (E-switch-ic) | 6-MP & MTX; alternate dosing | Seems not superior |
Frei et al. 1961 (ALGB 03) | Randomized (E-esc) | 1. 6-MP 2. MTX |
Seems not superior |
Frei et al. 1965 | Non-randomized |
Note: this is one of the first combination regimens in hematology/oncology.
Chemotherapy
References
- ALGB 01: Frei E 3rd, Holland JF, Schneiderman MA, Pinkel D, Selkirk G, Freireich EJ, Silver RT, Gold GL, Regelson W. A comparative study of two regimens of combination chemotherapy in acute leukemia. Blood. 1958 Dec;13(12):1126-48. link to original article PubMed
- ALGB 03: Frei E, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, Pinkel D, Holland JF, Selawry O, Haurani F, Spurr CL, Hayes DM, James GW, Rothberg H, Sodee DB, Rundles RW, Schroeder LR, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Traggis DG, Cooper T, Gendel BR, Ebaugh F, Taylor R. Studies of Sequential and Combination Antimetabolite Therapy in Acute Leukemia: 6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate. Blood. 1961;18(4):431-454. link to original article
- Frei E 3rd, Karon M, Levin RH, Freireich EJ, Taylor RJ, Hananian J, Selawry O, Holland JF, Hoogstraten B, Wolman IJ, Abir E, Sawitsky A, Lee S, Mills SD, Burgert EO Jr, Spurr CL, Patterson RB, Ebaugh FG, James GW 3rd, Moon JH. The effectiveness of combinations of antileukemic agents in inducing and maintaining remission in children with acute leukemia. Blood. 1965 Nov;26(5):642-56. link to original article PubMed
Mercaptopurine & Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Fernbach et al. 1966 | Randomized (C) | Cyclophosphamide & Prednisone | Seems not superior |
Chemotherapy
References
- Fernbach DJ, Griffith KM, Haggard ME, Holcomb TM, Sutow WW, Vietti TJ, Windmiller J. Chemotherapy of acute leukemia in childhood: comparison of cyclophosphamide and mercaptopurine. N Engl J Med. 1966 Sep 1;275(9):451-6. link to original article PubMed
Prednisolone monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Shanbrom & Miller 1962 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Shanbrom E, Miller S. Critical evaluation of massive steroid therapy of acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1962 Jun 28;266:1354-8. link to original article PubMed
Prednisone monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Granville et al. 1958 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Granville NB, Rubio F Jr, Unugur A, Schulman E, Dameshek W. Treatment of acute leukemia in adults with massive doses of prednisone and prednisolone. N Engl J Med. 1958 Jul 31;259(5):207-13. link to original article PubMed
Consolidation after upfront therapy
Mercaptopurine & Methotrexate
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Evans et al. 1986 | Randomized (E-switch-ooc) | WBRT, then 6-MP & MTX (conventional dosing) | Not reported |
Note: although this is a randomized trial, the report focuses on this arm, which includes HD-MTX, and not the comparison.
Preceding treatment
Chemotherapy
References
- Evans WE, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, Dodge R, Look AT, Bowman WP, George SL, Pui CH. Clinical pharmacodynamics of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia: identification of a relation between concentration and effect. N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):471-7. link to original article PubMed
Late intensification
POMP
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POMP: Purinethol (Mercaptopurine), Oncovin (Vincristine), Methotrexate, Prednisone
Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Bodey et al. 1976 | Non-randomized, <20 pts |
Note: POMP is still used in maintenance settings; this is marked historic because it is late intensification.
Chemotherapy
References
- Bodey GP, Freireich EJ, Gehan E, McCredie KB, Rodriguez V, Gutterman J, Burgess MA. Late intensification therapy for acute leukemia in remission: chemotherapy and immunotherapy. JAMA. 1976 Mar 8;235(10):1021-5. link to original article PubMed
Maintenance after upfront therapy
Methotrexate monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Selawry & Holland 1965 (ALGB 6313) | Randomized (E-switch-ic) | MTX; oral | Superior RFS |
Burgert et al. 1969 (ALGB 6311) | Randomized (E-switch-ic) | MTX; oral | Seems not superior |
Preceding treatment
- Vincristine & Prednisone induction
Chemotherapy
- Methotrexate (MTX) IV or IM
References
- ALGB 6313: Selawry OS, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. New treatment schedule with improved survival in childhood leukemia: intermittent parenteral vs daily oral administration of methotrexate for maintenance of induced remission. JAMA. 1965 Oct 4;194(1):75-81. link to original article PubMed
- ALGB 6311: Burgert EO, Valvo F, Petzold G, Holland JF; Acute Leukemia Group B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: maintenance therapy with methotrexat administered intermittently. JAMA. 1969 Feb 3;207(5):923-8. link to original article PubMed
Relapsed or refractory
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Mathé et al. 1969 | Non-randomized |
Immunotherapy
References
- Mathé G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Schneider M, Cattan A, Schlumberger JR, Hayat M, De Vassal F. Active immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet. 1969 Apr 5;1(7597):697-9. link to original article PubMed
Cyclophosphamide monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Fernbach et al. 1962 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Fernbach DJ, Sutow WW, Thurman WG, Vietti TJ. Clinical evaluation of cyclophosphamide: a new agent for the treatment of children with acute leukemia. JAMA. 1962 Oct 6;182:30-7. link to original article PubMed
Daunorubicin, L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Rivera et al. 1986 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
4-week course
Subsequent treatment
- See paper for details of treatment beyond induction
References
- Rivera GK, Buchanan G, Boyett JM, Camitta B, Ochs J, Kalwinsky D, Amylon M, Vietti TJ, Crist WM; Pediatric Oncology Group. Intensive retreatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jul 31;315(5):273-8. link to original article PubMed
Daunorubicin & Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Holton et al. 1969 | Non-randomized |
Chemotherapy
References
- Holton CP, Vietti TJ, Nora AH, Donaldson MH, Stuckey WJ Jr, Watkins WL, Lane DM. Clinical study of daunomycin and prednisone for induction of remission in children with advanced leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jan 23;280(4):171-4. link to original article PubMed
L-Asparaginase, Vincristine, Prednisone
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Regimen
Study | Evidence | Comparator | Comparative Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
Anderson et al. 1981 | Phase III (C) | L-Asparaginase, Vindesine, Prednisone | Seems not superior |
Chemotherapy
References
- Anderson J, Krivit W, Chilcote R, Pyesmany A, Chard R, Hammond D. Comparison of the therapeutic response of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse to vindesine versus vincristine in combination with prednisone and L-asparaginase: a phase III trial. Cancer Treat Rep. 1981 Nov-Dec;65(11-12):1015-9. PubMed
Pentostatin monotherapy
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Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
Prentice et al. 1981 | Pilot |
Chemotherapy
References
- Prentice HG, Russell NH, Lee N, Ganeshaguru K, Blacklock H, Piga A, Smyth JF, Hoffbrand AV. Therapeutic selectivity of and predication of response to 2'-deoxycoformycin in acute leukaemia. Lancet. 1981 Dec 5;2(8258):1250-4. link to original article PubMed
TBI, then auto HSCT
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TBI: Total Body Irradiation
Regimen
Study | Evidence |
---|---|
McGovern et al. 1959 | Pilot |
This is of historic interest and likely the first reported use of autologous HSCT in the treatment of malignancy.
Radiotherapy
References
- McGovern JJ Jr, Russell PS, Atkins L, Webster EW. Treatment of terminal leukemic relapse by total-body irradiation and intravenous infusion of stored autologous bone marrow obtained during remission. N Engl J Med. 1959 Apr 2;260(14):675-83. link to original article PubMed