Basics of Pain Management

WHO's Cancer Pain Ladder for Adults

Figure 1: WHO's cancer pain ladder (1986)

Figure 2: New Adaptation of the Analgesic Ladder

References

Figure 1: “WHO's Cancer Pain Ladder for Adults.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, 27 Nov. 2013, www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/
Figure 2: Vargas-Schaffer, Grisell. “Is the WHO analgesic ladder still valid? Twenty-four years of experience.” Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien vol. 56,6 (2010): 514-7, e202-5.